Centro Agrícola

5-12

Authors: Juana Mercedes Pérez Pérez, Ana Nelis San Juan Rodríguez, María Laura Tortora, Lucia Vera, Mario Casas González

Azospirillum is a bacterium that produces growth and yields increments due to its capacity of fix atmospheric nitrogen and to produce phytohormones. In Cuba, the 8-INICA strain of Azospirillum sp. has been used successfully in sugarcane biofertilization and others economical crops. The morphological and biochemical characterization of this stain showed similarity with the species A. brasilense. Due to the importance of this strain in the biofertilization works carried out in our country, the aim of this paper was to confirm the identity of this strain through immunoenzymatic and molecular techniques.

22-29

Authors: Yakelin Cobo Vidal, Elio Angarica Baró, George Martín Gutiérrez, Adrián Serrano Gutiérrez, Juan Alejandro Villazón Gómez

The study was developed with the objective of evaluating the zinc content available in five profiles of Chromic Vertisol, its distribution within the soil profile and the relationship with some chemical properties. The samples were taken in areas dedicated to the agricultural activity in Mayarí municipality, Holguín province. The variables evaluated were: pH, available phosphorus and potassium, organic matter and the interchangeable cations: calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium. The available zinc was determined by extraction with diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA). The results showed deficiencies of zinc available in the five soil profiles, with average values between 0.23 and 0.30 mg kg-1, according to the established critical levels. The highest concentration of zinc occurred in the superficial horizon with a tendency to decrease with depth. The available zinc variability was low within the study area, influenced mainly by the assimilable levels of phosphorus in the soil profile.

38-45

Authors: Marlen Cárdenas Morales, Mayrelis Lavastida Pérez, Rosabel Rodríguez Rojas, Edilberto Pozo Velazquez, Roberto Valdés Herrera

In the laboratory of Insect Pathology of the Center for Agricultural Research (CIAP), between the months of February to June 2018, this study was conducted with the objective of determining the population increase of Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boh.) (Coleoptera; Crysomelidae) in 23 common bean cultivars. The oviposition of the insects on the seeds, the increase of the number of insects and the reduction of the weight of the seeds in the second generation were determined. In the 23 cultivars evaluated the insect reproduced, the largest increases were over Mulangri 112, P 2170, Quivicán and Milagro Villareño. The presence of Z. subfasciatus on the cultivars BAT 304 and Holguin 518 did not cause considerable losses in the period evaluated.

58-63

Authors: Justo Antonio Rojas Rojas, Cristhian Eduardo Maldonado Vargas, Oscar Sebastián Meza Zambrano, Yosbel Lazo Roger, Juan Carlos Palacios Peñafiel

The objective of this work was to evaluate two types of traps with attractants for monitoring of the black boll weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus Germar) and the striped weevil (Metamasius spp.) in the plantain crop. The treatments resulted from the combination of the two types of trap (one handmade canister 4 L and the other with pseudostem), with the four types of natural attractants, plus a control treatment. The experimental design used was a randomized complete block bifactorial arrangement (DBCA) with nine treatments and four repetitions. The monitoring of the adults captured and the reactivation of all the traps was carried out weekly. The pseudostem trap was found to have a better catch average of 3.11 black weevils and 7.81 of striped weevils. The combination of the trap of pseudostem and ripe banana fruit as attractant, turned out to be the one with the highest capture with an average of 10.82 specimens and differs significantly with the rest of the combinations. The number of specimens captured of the black boll weevil increases as temperatures decrease in the locality of El Carmen.

72-83

Authors: Angel Gabriel Polanco Rodríguez, Teresa Virginia Magaña Castro, Jorge Cetz Luit, Rocío Quintal López

The indiscriminate use of highly toxic agrochemicals and especially the herbicide glyphosate, are of global concern nowadays, since they produce high pollution impacts for the aquifer and public health. The karstic soils of Yucatan, Mexico, are extremely vulnerable to contamination of the aquifer, due to the easy filtration of pollutants. There is evidence of contamination of the Yucatan aquifer, Mexico, by organochlorine pesticides, as well as its bioaccumulation in blood of women with cancer and breast milk, due to agricultural activities. In order to characterize the knowledge on the handling of agrochemicals, interviews were conducted, aimed at farmers and housewives in the municipalities of Tekáx, Oxkutzkab and Dzán, in the agricultural area at Yucatan. To the information process were used the STAT, SPSS, ArcMap, and Ethnograph programs were used. The results indicate the use of 69 classes of agrochemicals, among them, organochlorinated pesticides such as lindane and endosulfan 23 %, DDT 13 %, heptachlor 10 %, aldrin 10 %. Likewise, 55 % of the farmers reported using the glyphosate herbicide for the production of soybeans. In the backyard production, women use agrochemicals for the production of vegetables and pest control of small animal species. The results show the use of pesticides banned and / or restricted by international organizations, as well as glyphosate for the production of soybean, representing high impacts for human health and the aquifer. It is recommended to apply the international norms, as well as educational programs with agroecological basis on sustainable agriculture, avoiding applying carcinogenic agrochemicals.

93-103

Authors: Mariuxi T. Morocho, Michel Leiva-Mora

Clean agricultural production system currently is a priority in the agricultural development programs of several countries. The efficient microorganisms (EM) since the 80s thanks to research of the scientist Teruo Higa, professor of horticulture at the University of Ryukyus in Okinawa, Japan. He proved EM is an efficient and sustainable alternative in the production of food. The aim of this work is to develop and summarize part of published information in the last 10 years related with EM, their functional properties and agricultura applications. EM is a group of great microbial diversity among which: lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, yeasts, actinomycetes and filamentous fungi with fermentative capacity are distinguished. From an agricultural point of view, EM promotes the germination of seeds, flowering, growth and development of fruits and allows a more successful reproduction in plants. Additionally, it has been shown that they improve the physical structure of soils, increase their chemical fertility and suppress several plant pathogenic agents that cause diseases in numerous crops. From a physiological point of view, it has been determined that EM increases the photosynthetic capacity of crops, as well as up take of water and nutrients. Application of EM improves quality and reduces the maturation times of organic fertilizers, particularly compost. All these aspects explain the increase in agricultural yield and the widespread use of EMs as well as products derived from them such as bioles.

5-12

Authors: Irma García Cruz, Elio Minel del Pozo Núñez, Yoisel Hernández Pérez

This work was carried out in the Plant Protection Laboratory at the Agronomy Faculty of the Agrarian University of La Habana and its objective was to evaluate mass production and conservation of isolate Ma-005 belonging to the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin, which was obtained from a soil sample of the "El Guayabal" property, in the municipality of San José de las Lajas, using the insect bait technique. In this study, it was evaluated: biomass production in liquid culture media, production of conidia in solid substrates and conidia conservation in different oils. The greatest biomass production was reached when the molasses-yeast ratio in the substrate was 10:30 or 20:30 g L-1 with an incubation time of 72 h. Among the evaluated solid substrates, rice and sorgo were the most favorable for conidia production. All used oils kept the conidia viability over the 70 % for six months.

18-23

Authors: Yosvel Enrique Olivet Rodríguez, Alfonso Ortiz Rodríguez, Daimara Cobas Hernández

The present work was carried out in the UBPC Antonio Maceo Grajales (El Palmar), located in the Agricultural and Livestock Company “Paquito Rosales” in the province of Granma, Cuba. It was carried out with the objective of evaluating the effect of two minimized farming systems on a Fluvisol soil for the cultivation of beans, taking into account the behavior of humidity of the soil and the cultivation ́s agricultural yields. The treatments under study were: T1 for minimized farming and T2 for reduced farming. T1 consisted of the plowing of the soil with multi-plowing device followed by one pass of disc harrow. T2 is considered a variant of the previous treatment followed by two perpendicular passes of disc harrow. As results T1 obtained the best behavior in maintaining a better conservation of the soil in the profile of 0-30 cm depth. The highest humidity content (29,21 %) was obtained at the fourth observation date, which facilitated better root penetration and cultivation development, reaching an agricultural yield of 0,97 t ha -1 , 28 % higher than the one obtained by T2.

31-36

Authors: Daniel Perales-Rosas, Maykel Hernández-Aro, Mairel Valle-de la Paz, Agustín Peralta-Fernando

A study was conducted in the State of San Luis Potosí, Mexico, to evaluate the biological effectiveness of the insecticide Singular 350 SC (Imidacloprid) for control of sugarcane aphid (Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner) in the sorghum crop (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Variety: Nikel. A randomized complete block design was implemented, with five treatments and four repetitions; evaluating three doses of Singular 350 SC, a regional control consist in 300 mL ha-1 of Confidor 350 SC and an absolute witness, without insecticides. Two applications were made with a motorized sprayer backpack coupled with two full cone nozzles, being calibrated to apply a total volume of 391 L ha-1. The number of colonies, the yellow aphid infestation and the Abbott efficacy were evaluated at four times. The three doses of Singular 350 SC showed good efficiencies in the control of the number of live colonies and infestation of yellow aphid in sorghum, being greater than 85 % from the first and second evaluation date respectively. The treatments of Singular 350 SC at doses of 250 and 300 mL ha-1 were outstanding, with efficiency percentages higher than 85 % from the first evaluation.

42-48

Authors: Oguelys Rodríguez Pérez, Sinesio Torres García, Ubaldo Alvarez Hernández

With the purpose of evaluating the effect of the applications of Mancozeb 80 WP in the appearance of the green stain in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), an experiment was carried out in areas of the Cooperative of Credits and Services "Eduardo Reyes Canto in the municipality of Santa Clara, Cuba, from November 2014 to June 2015 on a softly washed brown soil. The tobacco cultivars Havana 2000, Criollo 98 and Corojo 99 were used. The experiments were carried out under production conditions, in plantations of covered tobacco.Three treatments were included, consisting of two, three and four applications of Mancozeb 80 PH with a dose of 2 kg ha-1. At the time of harvest, the leaves corresponding to each treatment were marked and at the end of the drying process, the number of leaves with green spots per plant was determined.To evaluate the effect of the interval between harvest and the last application of the fungicide in the appearance of the green spot, they were carried out four fungicide applications on each leaf, and three moments settled down for the crop: to the 7, 10 and 13 days after the last application. For each experiment 108 leaves were evaluated by treatment. The results showed that with the increase in the applications of Mancozeb 80 PH and the exposure time on the leaves, the percentage of green spot in them increased. The most susceptible cultivar was Habana 2000, while Criollo 98 was the most tolerant.

54-57

Authors: Belyani Vargas Batis, José Orlando del Toro Rivera, Ernesto Jesús Rodríguez Suárez, Miriela Rizo Mustelier, Yoannia Gretel Pupo Blanco

The objective of the work was to identify the medicinal potential of the existing weed flora in suburban farms of Santiago de Cuba taking into account the perception of the inhabitants of the communities near these productive systems. The study area was divided into four geographical zones according to the layout of the farms. An ethnobotanical study was carried out grouping the answers according to consensus among the informants. To some extent, 59 of the weed species are used as medicinal. Roots and leaves are the most commonly used (decoction) organs, attributing anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic and anticatarral effects.

62-65

Authors: Guillermo Rodríguez Alonso

The link culture tourism and the need of modern societies not to exceed the limits of nature when trying to meet the economic needs of individuals or peoples are reviewed. People and communities, with their customs and lifestyles contribute to the tourist experience and the perpetuity of cultural forms and expressions. It is concluded that the Agrotourism, as a variant linked to the modality of Nature Tourism, has as purpose the satisfaction of certain segments of the tourist market interested in the knowledge of the rural culture and the countryside and promotes new forms of coexistence in the regional contexts of tourism from maintaining environmentally sustainable agricultural practices.

5-11

Authors: William Castro López, Karina Carrera Sanchez, Felipe Lidcay Herrera Isla, Rene Cupull Santana

The vascular wilt is the most destructive disease of naranjilla (Solanum quitoense Lam) in the ecuatorian Amazon causing field losses near 80 %. In this study was identified and characterized some isolates at a fungus belonging to the genus Fusarium associated with this disease. Eight isolates of Fusarium spp. were obtained from plants with symptoms of wilt from representative areas cultivated with naranjilla, Pastaza province. Each isolates were cultivated in Petri dishes (90 mm Ø) contained PDA and CLA media. The cultural parameters evaluated were: colour of the colony (reverse and obverse); mycelia texture; mycelial grown and others morphological characters like: size of conidia (length and width) and chlamydospore size. Several taxonomical keys were used to identify the fungi isolated. A randomized design was utilized and the data were processed statistically by means IBM-SPSS Statistics version 23 on Window. The eight isolates belonging to the genus Fusariumspp. a fungus reported for several authors as the causal agent of the wilt in this plant.

20-26

Authors: Wilfredo Estrada Prado, Licet Chávez Suárez, Eduardo Jerez Mompie, María Caridad Nápoles García, Yariuska Caridad Maceo Ramos, Cristóbal Cordoví Domínguez

The effect of Azofert® on bean plants on the relative water content and the pigments concentration under two irrigation regimes was evaluated. The experiment was carried out in the light room of the Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry of the National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque. The varieties CC-25-9R and Tomeguín-93 were used. In each case, Azofert® was applied, with a dose of 200 mL per 50 kg of seed at the time of sowing and as controls were used treatments without the application of this product. The irrigation treatments consisted of applying 100 and 50 % of the maximum moisture retention capacity. A completely randomized design was used. Ten plants were selected at random for each treatment to evaluate fresh leaf mass, saturated mass, fresh leaf mass, relative water content and concentration of photosynthetic pigments. The results showed that the bean plants are affected when subjected to a soil moisture deficit and the inoculation with Azofert® was able to attenuate the effects of water deficiency. The relative water content decreased significantly in both varieties when humidity is reduced. The chlorophyll b content was affected in both varieties when subjected to water stress conditions. The content of carotenoids in the CC-25-9R variety had a significant increase in water stress conditions.

34-42

Authors: Ariany Colás – Sánchez, Beatriz Díaz – Pérez, Alianny Rodríguez-Urrutia, Sirley Gatorno-Muñóz

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is widely cultivated in Cuba principally in small farm areas because its role as a principal component of the daily diet. The use of effective native rhizobia as natural biofertilizer will positive contributes to the production of this grain. In order to evaluate the effect of single Rhizobium pisi and EcoMic® inoculation on morphological parameters and yield of common bean, was performed the present research at the intermediate sowing season of the 2015-2016 (November - January). The study was developed in farm´s areas of CCS "Lino del Rio" under an Inceptisol soil in the municipality of Placetas in Villa Clara province. In the study, the genotype Delicia-364 was used and the parameters of nodulation, root and shoot biomass and yield were evaluated, as well as the possible mechanisms of plant growth promotion of the strains used. All the inoculation variants increased the nodulation and, consequently, the dry biomass. The maximum values in the number of nodules were observed with the inoculation of R. pisi 40983. The yield and its components were positively stimulated with the inoculation of R. pisi 40983 (362 kg ha-1) and 40982 (357 kg ha-1).

49-58

Authors: Romney Marconi Mora Erraez, Carlos Valarezo Manosalva

The research was realized at "Los Zapotes" site, "Panguintza" parish, "Centinela del Cóndor" canton of "Zamora Chinchipe" province, with the objective of generating alternatives for commercial reforestation of the degraded areas by the effect of cattle raising. The arrangement of the experiment was in subdivided plots (2x2x3) distributed in random blocks, with three repetitions and twelve treatments that correspond to the combination of three factors: a) two arboreal species: Gmelina arborea Roxb. ex Sm. and Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) S.F. Blak; b) without and with fertilization. After two years the fertilization determined significant differences in the variables height, basal diameter and diameter of chest height in the two species. The applications of 3 and 6 t ha-1 of vegetal coal did not have effects on the growth of arboreal species. In all treatments the aerial biomass of Melina was higher than the Pachaco. There was also higher accumulation of carbon in the soil and in the biomass in the treatments applied to the Melina.

68-74

Authors: Carlos Osvaldo Romero Romano, Juventino Ocampo Mendoza, Engelberto Sandoval Castro, José Refugio Tobar Reyes

The objective of this research was to evaluate the droppings of bovine and ovine and the peanut shell (Arachis hypogaea L.) as a substrate to produce Eisenia foetida Sav. earthworm. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replicates and seven treatments: peanut shell, bovine droppings, ovine droppings, and combinations of them. The variables analyzed were population of young worms (without clitellum), adults (with clitellum) and total population. The substrates were deposited in 0.72 m3 wooden crates and pre-composted. When the temperature of the substrates was in the range of 23-25 ° C and the humidity between 75-80 %, 50 earthworms were inoculated per box. Sixteen counts were made (one per week), using a PVC tube (40 cm long and 10.16 cm diameter). In each count eight samples of substrate were taken for each of the treatments and their repetitions, following a zigzag pattern. Significant differences (Tukey, p< 0.05 %) were obtained by treatment in the three variables. The mixture "peanut shell-sheep droppings-bovine droppings" recorded the highest number of young worms (113.29). The combination "peanut peel -bovine droppings", as well as "bovine droppings alone", showed the largest population of adult earthworms (98.94 and 94.89). The total population was greater in the treatments "peanut peel-bovine droppings" and "peanut peel-sheep droppings-bovine droppings" (196.50 and 197.33). It was concluded that the combination of bovine droppings with peanut shell is a suitable substrate for earthworm production.

85-90

Authors: Amaurys Dávila Martínez, Lidcay Herrera Isla, Maryluz Folgueras Montiel, Dahert García Hernández

Papaya crop (Carica papaya L.) faces pathologies mainly of fungal etiology. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc., causal agent of anthracnose, represents one of the most severe diseases that reduce the productivity of plantations. For this reason, the present study was carried out on one hectare of papaya cultivar 'Maradol Roja' at the Research Institute of Tropical Root and Tuber Crops (INIVIT), with the objective of evaluating the technical effectiveness of the fungicide Sphere Max 535 SC (trifloxystrobin + ciproconazole) for the control of anthracnose at doses of 0.2 and 0.3 L ha-1 and Biobeno (Benomilo), the latter as a commercial reference. A completely randomized design was used; five applications were made with a frequency of 20 days. The severity of the disease was evaluated, as well as the technical effectiveness of the formulations used. The severity increased gradually, reaching its maximum values at 100 days. In the plots treated with Benomilo, the severity of the disease was higher, reaching an average of 22.3 %. The variants corresponding to Sphere Max 535 SC were more effective than Benomilo, with values of 57,8 and 61,5 % of effectiveness, respectively.

5-10

Authors: Elio Minel Del Pozo Núñez, Irma García Cruz, Yanira Herrera López

The present project was developed in the Plant Protection Laboratory of the Agronomy Faculty of the Agrarian University of La Habana, Cuba, to determinate the in vitro effectivity of some isolates of Beauveria bassiana sensu lato (Vals.) Vuill. on eggs and neolarvae of Rhipicephalus microplus Canestrini. The three isolates evaluated were effective, with more than 85 % mortality over neolarvae of the ectoparasite, 12 days after application. In the case of the BB isolate a b effect of the conidia concentration in the suspension over the eclosion of eggs was evident, wich was null in the highest of the concentrations used, and the mortality of tick neolarvae, that was superior to 90 % with concentrations over 107 conidia mL-1.

17-26

Authors: Yurelkys Fernández Maura, Philippe Lachenaud, Cony Decock, Amauri Díaz Rodríguez y Noryaisi Abreu Romero

Black pod is one of the major like-fungal diseases of Theobroma cacao L. in all its cultivation areas. It is caused by several species of Phytophthora. In Latin America, the etiological agents of the black pod disease are more likely diverse and, in a taxonomic perspective, incompletely known, especially in small producing countries, such as Cuba and French Guiana. In the present work, we studied two sets of Phytophthora strains isolated from diseased pods and originating from Cuba and French Guiana, combining morphological, biological and molecular approaches to identify the species involved. Phylogenetic analyses were performed based on DNA sequence data from two loci, ribosomal internal transcribed spacer and partial ß-tubulin. Two species were identified in Cuba, P. palmivora and P. tropicalis, and two species in French Guiana, P. tropicalis / capsici complex and a potential novel Phytophthora sp. In Cuba, P. palmivora was by far the dominant species (98% of the isolates) and the strains studied belonged to the Mating Type A2 (88 out of 90 isolates). In French Guiana, P. tropicalis / capsici complex was the dominant species in our sampling (7 out of 8 isolates).

32-36

Authors: Emma Pineda Ruiz, Fidel Acosta Hernández(†), Irenaldo Fernández Denis, Dunia Núñez Jaramillo, Ana Rosa Hernández Freires, Osmany de la C. Aday Díaz, Zenaida Occeguera Águila, Pablo Machado Armas, Mayra Jiménez Vázquez, Edel Toledo Rodriguez y Rafael Más Martínez

The substrate used in the phase of acclimatization is determinant to reach quality plants. They can be solid and porous materials of natural or synthetic origin that alone or mixture guarantee a suitable growth of the plants under environmental controlled conditions. The aim of this work takes root in the evaluation of three variants of substrate for this phase: 80 % of compost and 20 % of zeolite (I); 50 % of the treatment I more 50 % of solid residue obtained of the biogas from vinaza (II) and 100 % of the solid residue of the biogas (III). There was characterized the chemical composition of the substrate. The following evaluations were made: survival, number of dead plants and number of leaves, to the last evaluation were added: root length, stem height and diameter, leaf length +1, number of total leaves, pests and diseases present. The solid residue of the biogas formed from vinaza, presented a top content of organic matter and total macroelements. This residue allows the growth of the in vitro plants and is feasible to use it as substrate only or mixed with the compost.

44-50

Authors: Segundo Ramiro Mora Quilismal, Edith Aguila Alcantara, Yanetsy Ruiz González, Luis Rodrigo Balarezo Urresta, Hernán Rigoberto Benavides Rosales

The goal of this research was to assess alternatives of biofertilization with Fosfotic, Safer-mycorrhiza, and their combination in the potato variety Superchola under semi-controlled conditions. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse and the substrate used was a typical Andisol of the region. A Completely Randomized Design was used with three replications. These alternatives and their combinations with the NPK dose that is used in the region and with different reductions of it, were evaluated, forming a total of 23 treatments. The best integral results were obtained with the treatments in which mineral fertilization is combined with some of the biofertilization alternatives (Fosfotic and Safer-mycorrhizas), with which it is suggested that these studies be continued under field conditions in the Andisols of Carchi -Ecuador. It is demonstrated that both the inoculations with Fosfotic and Safer-mycorrhizas, as well as their joint inoculation, can constitute viable alternatives in the cultivation of potatoes in these soils. However, the reduction of the mineral fertilizers without combine that with biofetilizers implies a reduction of the production, so it is not recommendable.

59-65

Authors: Iliana Fernández Santana y Lázaro Jesús Ojeda Quintana

The living collections of the Cienfuegos Botanical Garden store a wealth of vascular plants with an average of 70 years. A great concern for the specialists at the botanical garden is that many of the species are represented in the collections by a single individual. In 1998, a program was developed to preserve these species. This program implies the control of its reproduction, cultural management and the monitoring of insect pests and diseases. Starting from the detection of Paratachardina pseudolobata Kondo & Gullan (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Kerriidae) in 2008, the present investigation was conceived with the objective of identifying it's host plants and the level of infestation. The presence of the insect was verified in 36 % of the species, 39 % of the genera and 90 % of the botanical families present at the Cienfuegos Botanical Garden. It was found that 12.8 % of the specimens conforming the collection of living plant were affected. Urgent control measures were undertaken to control the insect pest and to avoid its proliferation. The 6 % of the plants presented severe infestation, 25 % average infestation and 69 % light. Of the affected species, 256 constituted new host plant registers for P. pseudolobata in Cuba, including four families (Dichapetalaceae, Juglandaceae, Bignoniaceae and Cupressaceae), nine Cuban endemic and 12 native species, of them, six species with threat category.

73-80

Authors: Elieni Quintero Rodríguez, Alexander Calero Hurtado, Yanery Pérez Díaz, Lorettys Enríquez Gómez

With the objective of to evaluate the effect of different biostimulants in the increase of morphophysiological and productive indicators of common bean, the following research was carried out at the collective farmer "Joe Westbrook" in Sancti Spíritus, Cuba, from November 2014 to February 2015. The sowing of cv. Bat-304 was carried out manually form at a distance of 0.80 m between rows and 0.15 m between plants. The following treatments were evaluated: Efficient Microorganisms (ME-50), ME-Agitado and LEBAME, Fitomas E, Biobras-16® and a control (without application). The evaluated variables were: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves per plant, dry matter, grains per pod, mass of 100 grains and yield. The results showed that the foliar application of the different biostimulants increased the morphophysiological and yield indicators evaluated. The highest yields when biostimulants ME-50 and Biobras-16® were applied, with 2.01 and 2.00 t ha-1 respectively.

88-91

Authors: Fernando Franco Flores, Pavel Oriol Rodríguez Vázquez, Pedro Pablo Herrera Oliver, Alicia Leiseca Pérezy Rosalina Berazaín Iturralde

This paper presents the main results of the rescue of the historical collection (series HEA) of the herbarium of the then School of Agronomy from the institutionalization of the Herbarium of the Faculty of Agronomy (HFA), Agrarian University of Havana.

5-11

Authors: Miriam Díaz-Díaz, Danieyis Sánchez Hurtado de Mendoza, René Cupull Santana, Alexander Bernal Cabrera, Ricardo Medina Marrero, Miriam Carballo Bargos, Milagros García Bernal y Mayra Acosta-Suárez

The effect of seed treatment with the actinomycetes strains EA2 and CB14, and their combination, on damping–off incidence caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn in Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Velasco largo was evaluated under greenhouse conditions. These strains were compared with Trichoderma harzianum A-34, Celest®Top 312 FS and two controls (positive and negative). Inceptisol sterile and non-sterile soil was used under a completely randomized design. The coating seeds with strains were made using 8 % cassava starch. The incidence of R. solani was determined 21 days after sowing. In non-sterile soil, the lowest incidences caused by R. solani were found with Celest®Top 312 FS, which did not significantly differ from the combination of actinomycete strains CB14 + EA2, but yes with the rest of the treatments. In the sterile soil, the lowest percentages of incidences were obtained with the combination of actinomycete strains (CB14 + EA2).

21-28

Authors: Yarisbel Gómez Masjuan, Tony Boicet Fabre, Norge Tornés Olivera, y Yanitza Meriño Hernández

The investigation was carried out in four localities of Granma province, Cuba. The objective was to evaluate the magnitude of the genotype-environment interactions and adaptation of tomato varieties in different locations affected by drought through performance stability parameters. A combined analysis of variance for the main effects of genotype and environment was performed, and a principal component analysis for non-additive effects of the interaction. This analysis called the Principal Additive Effects and Multiplicative Interaction Model is constituted by additive and multiplicative parameters. It was analyzed by MATMODEL program. Genotype-environment interaction expressed the ability varieties to fit a particular environment. The varieties Amalia and Vyta presented the highest adaptability and the highest yields (30.26 and 24.84 t ha-1 respectively).

34-39

Authors: Elio Lescay Batista, Yadira Vázquez Ramírez y Fernando Celeiro Rodríguez

The research was developed in the rainy season, on a Fluvisol soil, belonging to the Credit and Services Cooperative "Rubén Nogueras Castillo", Cauto Cristo municipality, Granma, to determine the phenological characteristics and agricultural yield of five soybean cultivars. Seeding was performed on individual rows 5 m long and the design was a randomized block with three replicates. Planting distance used was 0.70 x 0.05 to 0.07 m. A double classification variances analysis and multiple means comparison were performed with the Tukey test. The vegetative phase, up to the eighth node, showed a similar behavior in the cultivars evaluated with values that oscillated between 38 and 40 days after sowing. Reproductive phase lasted 50 to 56 days, highlighting the cultivars INCASOY-36 and Foscarini as the earliest, FT-2 reached the highest agricultural yields with 2.2 t ha-1.

47-54

Authors: Joaquín Montalván Delgado, Isabel Alfonso Terry, Eida Rodríguez Lema, Yaquelín Puchades Izaguirre, José Rodríguez Zayas, Osmany Aday Díaz, Omelio Carvajal Jaime y Javier Delgado Padrón

In Cuba, the methodology used for the evaluation of resistance to sugarcane brown rust (Puccinia melanocephala Sydow and P. Sydow) lacks quantitative aspects, as well as the definition of representative localities for resistance tests and has limited patterning. In order to establish new evaluation criteria that contribute to the improvement of the Evaluative System of the Resistance to the brown rust in the Program of Improvement of the Sugar Cane in Cuba, during the 2007 – 2015, six patterns of known reaction and 11 commercial cultivars were study in 6 localities. The variables length, quantity and percentage of leaf area occupied by pustules and length of the major pustule were recorded. The six localities of resistance test were ratified and the evaluations must be carried out in the middle third of the leave +3 of ten plants at three and five months of age, with an evaluation scale with new quantitative criteria (area occupied by pustules and length of the major pustule). Cultivars SP70-1284, C88-380 and C323-68 are included as standards. C334-64, Ja60-5 and B4362 are reclassified. The methodology for evaluating the brown rust of sugarcane in Cuba is modified and a new scale of evaluation of the disease is proposed.

61-68

Authors: Osmany de la Caridad Aday Díaz, Eida Rodríguez Lema, Joaquín Montalván Delgado, Einar Martínez de la Parte e Isabel Alfonso Terry

Sugarcane orange rust (Puccinia kuehnii (W. Krüger) E.J. Butler) is considered an emerging disease in the Western Hemisphere and with high potential for damage. It was detected in Cuba in late 2008, which is why phytosanitary surveillance was established on its dispersion and incidence in the sugarcane plantations of the country. The objective of this work was to update the status of this disease in Cuba from the processing of data from research and surveys conducted in the period 2009-2017. Evaluations were carried out in the risk areas through systematic sampling in germplasm banks, varieties gardens, experimental areas and seed banks, including those established from "in vitro" plants. In addition, surveys were carried out in areas of commercial plantations, validation areas of new cultivars and areas of certified seed production, where 10 stems were randomly evaluated in three sampling stations following the diagonal of the field. P. kuehnii is found in the 13 provinces producing sugarcane in Cuba. Most infected genotypes were found in areas of experimental stations, mainly in the provinces of Mayabeque, Villa Clara and Camagüey. The distribution of this pathogen in the national territory is classified as low prevalence; however, the number of infected commercial cultivars rises to 30.

77-82

Authors: Diana González Aguiar, Ubaldo Álvarez Hernández, Raciel Lima Orozco

With the objective to assess the fresh biomass and dry matter accumulation per plant in cowpea – sorghum intercropping, a field experiment was carried out in the farm of self-consumption "Día y Noche", at the Basic Unit of Cooperative Production "28 de Octubre", Santa Clara municipality, Villa Clara province, Cuba, on a Cambisol soil. The two spatial arrangements consisted on one sorghum row and two cowpea rows; one sorghum row and three cowpea rows. Also, the respective cowpea and sorghum monocultures were evaluated. For determining fresh biomass and dry matter accumulation per plant, 15 plants per treatment were harvested. The maximum values in fresh biomass and dry matter accumulation were observed in one sorghum row and two cowpea, and sorghum monoculture treatments, with 227 g, 47 g for cowpea and 241.4 g, 110 g for sorghum respectively.