Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia

9-13

Authors: Rizal Syarief, Sumardjo, Anna Fatchiya

Malacca District is one of Indonesian border area with East Timor. This region is also become the home for largest number of refugees in East Timor after the poll.The existence of the East Timorese former warrior who lived in the ressetlement area built by the EU and UNHCR in Kanamasa village, Central Malaka subdistrict-Malacca District, need special attention amid uncertainty life after their struggle. The Central Malacca subdistrict classified as number one priority areas of food insecurity in East Nusa Tenggara according FSVA. The development of agriculture is alternative solutions in an effort to strengthen the refugees household food security. The purpose ofthis study wasto analyzethe condition of the availability of food, the factors causing food problems, and designing a model of community empowerment efforts to increase food security in the inter-state border. The results showed the condition of the people of East Timorex-fighters in a state of food insecurity that characterized the energy consumption below the cutting point for the adequacy of the energy consumption of 2.160Cal/cap/dayis equal to1209.08Cal/cap/day. Food problems that arise due to the lack of diversification factor, high food prices, and food cultureareless supportive of the adequacy of nutrient intake in the family. Agricultural development program is an effort to address the problem of food insecurity, with a capital in the community experience in agriculture. Programs that can be developed are: 1) institutional strengthening through the establishment of farmers' groups; 2) human resource development through training of crops and horticulture nursery; 3) optmize of yards land use; 4) initiation of land cultivation procurement; 5) agriculture activities in demonstration plots land. Keywords: community empowerment, food security, poverty

22-28

Authors: Rahmat Kurnia, Mennofatria Boer, Zairion

There are several option management measures in preventing sustainability stock of the blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus), i.e., nursery ground conservation. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyses habitat characteristic and its population biology in the PGN marine embayment of Labuhan Maringgai, as one among crab habitat essential in East Lampung coastal water. The potential nursery ground conservation was assessed by habitat suitability index, carrying capacity, distribution and abundance as well as crabs size. The result shows that environmental condition was still suitable, even though the habitat carrying capacity tend to degraded by an increasing of turbidity and sedimentation at the embayment mouth. The crabs captured were also not representing of peak abundance season and recruitment during sampling period, while those crab size almost 100% under Lm50. The strategic management directive is required to control in utilization of crab’s essential habitat, including crab fishing by any fishing gear resulted undersize captured crabs. Meanwhile, to propose habitat essential conservation might need more consideration and comprehensive study, including social economic and cultural aspects and co-management approach may be required in management measure applied. Keywords: conservation, East Lampung, essential habitat, population biology, Portunus pelagicus

38-42

Authors: Hidayat Syarief, Rizal Martua Damanik, Tiurma Sinaga,Tetty Herta Doloksaribu

Bangun-bangun leaves (Coleus amboinicus Lour) is one of plants that has a function as laktagogue which can increase secretion and production of breast milk. Therefore, the bangun-bangun leaves are potential to be used as an ingredient in the product development of supplement and functional foods for lactating mothers. The objective of this research is to develop supplement and functional foods for lactating mothers from the bangun-bangun leaves.Two types of products were made with same type and amount of basic material, but different in the amount of bangun-bangun leaves, i.e.120 or 150 g. Results of organoleptic test using 40 lactating mothers as panelists show that the average panelist favorite for both products were not significantly different and altogether all panelists can accept the two products. Keywords: bangun-bangun leaves, lactating mothers, supplement and functional food

50-56

Authors: Imam Wahyudi, Trisna Priadi, Istie Sekartining Rahayu

Anatomical characteristics, fiber morphology, microfibril angle, specific gravity and wood density, dimensional stabilization, modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), hardness and natural durability of superior teakwood from West Java were studied comprehensively in order to find out their best quality improvement technique. It was showed that quality improvement technique has to be employed since characteristics and properties of the superior teakwood studied are inferior compared to those of the older teakwood. In general wood strength, wood durability, wood stability and wood figure were lower compared to those of the conventional teakwood. Keywords: MFA, MOE, MOR, superior Teakwood, Tectona grandis

140-143

Authors: Agik Suprayogi, Hadri Latif, Yudi, Asep Yayan Ruhyana

This study was to evaluate the depolarization of katuk leaves (Katuk-IPB3) as a feed additive for increasing dairy cattle milk yield at the farmer condition. Sixteen selected lactating cattles were divided into 4 groups; 4 cattles in each group. One group as a control, and 3 treated groups, namely P100, P150, and P200. P100, P200, and P300 were designated as cattle group given powder of Katuk-IPB3 as much as 100 g/day, 150 g/day, and 200 g/day, respectively. The treatment was executed in the 10 days before pregnancy up to 2 months lactating periods. Katuk-IPB3 showed significant positive response on the produced milk on all dose levels as compared to the control group, i.e. 35, 40, and 34% increased, respectively. The possible reason is that the nonpolar active compounds in the Katuk-IPB3 play an important role to the hormonal and metabolic action in the lactating mammary gland. Keywords: dairy cattle, feed additive, Katuk-IPB3, milk, Sauropus androgynus

154-158

Authors: Naresworo Nugroho, Effendi Tri Bahtiar, Azhar Anas

Bamboo is a natural resource that can be used as a basic commodity to substitute wood. To determine the use of a basic commodity, it is needed to study the basic characteristic of bamboo, in terms of anatomy, physical, and mechanical properties. Some studies of this topic, especially for engineering purpose, have been done, but the most of them used sample experiment in the form of bamboo culm. Therefore, it is necessary to find out whether experiments using bamboo strip are equivalent with the value of bamboo culm. This study used tali and ampel bamboos. The anatomy observation followed the Manual of Anatomy Practical Work and Wood Identification by Pandit (1991) and Nuryatin (2000), tests were based on Nuryatin’s study (2000). Sample tests for mechanical properties were based on ASTM D 143-94 and modification of ISO 22157-1:2004. The results showed that physical properties of internode of tali bamboo were inferior than that of the node, in contrary to ampel bamboo, which was better than that of the node. For all mechanical properties, internodes of tali and ampel bamboos were better than that of the node. The modulus of elasticity of the bamboo culm was lower 110% than that of the bamboo strip and the modulus of rupture of the bamboo culm was lower 230% than that of the bamboo strip. On the other side, τTk// of the bamboo culm was 15% higher than that of the bamboo strip. Keywords: bamboo culm, bamboo strip, basic properties of bamboo, internode, node

167-171

Authors: Arum Sekar Wulandari, Supriyanto

Mycorrhizal symbiosis is the result of mutualistic interactions between plants and fungi. Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon) naturally associate with ectomycorrhizal Scleroderma sinnamariense and Scleroderma sp. fungi. Artificial inoculation can be applied to young seedlings (12 months old), before the roots contain woody material. The purpose of this study was to apply the root pruning techniques to improve gnetum mycorrhizal seedlings production. The study was conducted in a greenhouse using 7 months old seedlings. The treatments consisted of 3 root pruning levels (0, 30, and 50%) and ectomycorrhizal fungi inoculum (control, mycorrhizal seedlings, and soil inoculum). Observations were carried out for 4 months to the seedling growth and root colonization by ectomycorrhizal fungi. Height, diameter, and biomass of melinjo seedlings in all treatments were not significantly different. Thus, root pruning activities do not affect the growth of seedlings. Artificial inoculation produce mycorrhizal seedlings, whereas controls were uninfected. Root pruning increased number of root branching. Root pruning at level 50% increased mycorrhizal seedlings production, but the percentage of root colonization was not significantly difefernt at all pruning levels. Keywords: Gnetum gnemon, mycorrhiza, root pruning, Scleroderma

178-185

Authors: Hanifah Nuryani Lioe, Tika Setianingrum, Ririn Anggraeni

A method using high-performance liquid chomatography (HPLC) coupled with an evaporative light-scattering detector (ELSD) for the determination of cholesterol in egg was validated. A silica column and a binary mixture of hexane and isopropanol (90:10) as a mobile phase were used to separate cholesterol. Cholesterol was detected at 1.5 min using cholesterol standard and HPLC-ELSD condition: evaporation temperature 50 ºC, air pressure 2.2 bars, and flow rate of mobile phase 2 mL/min. A method linearity for the cholesterol analysis in egg as a sample matrix was obtained at a range of 50 to 3000 µg/g sample, with R2>0.990. Instrument detection limit and limit of quantitation were determined at 1.07 and 3.56 µg/mL, respectively. Recovery test results by spiking cholesterol standard in egg sample at low, medium, and high concentrations (50, 250 and 3000 µg/g ) were 122.13, 108.23, and 44.71%, respectively. Their corresponding repeatability values were 5.26, 4.29, and 10.11%. Method detection limit and intralab reproducibility (to analyze a sample) were observed at 2.30 µg/g and 0.04%. The method is valid for cholesterol analysis in egg at low and medium concentrations. Keywords: cholesterol analysis, egg, HPLC-ELSD, method validation

194-199

Authors: Musa Hubeis, Mukhamad Najib, Hardiana Widyastuti, Nur Hadi Wijaya

Food security is a system consists of availability, distribution, and consumption subsystems. Food availability subsystem functions in guaranting food supply, in terms of quantity, quality (certification), variability, and safety. The main problem in materializing security of organic food commodities are quantity and quality of organic food, particularly vegetables. In other words, the organic vegetable can affect farmer’s economic situation in different way depending on the adopted particular technolog. Therefore, the objectives of this study are (1) to describe the characteristics of organic vegetable products, (2) to identify internal and external factors related to the production of organic vegetables with a farmer-based high added value, and (3) to formulate a strategy of the production of organic vegetables with a farmer-based high added value (certified). Data were collected by purposive sampling and analyzed using matrix analysis tools of internal factor evaluation, external factor evaluation, internal external, and focus group discussion, as the basis for analyzing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT), followed by quantitative strategic planning matrix (QSPM) to obtain the main alternative strategy for the development of organic vegetable with premium price. The study was carried out in Garut, West Java. This study confirmed 3 main strategic issues for the development of organic vegetables in the region, that is, market, organic vegetable production, and human resource. Keywords: farmers, food, organic vegetables production, premium price, strategy

73-78

Authors: Memen Surahman, Endang Murniati, Fifin Nashirotun Nisya

Provision of jatropha (Jatropha curcas) seeds along with providing high yielding varieties, is needed to ensure high seed quality. This experiment aimed to observe the pattern of jatropha seed treatment, namely the effect of fruit maturity, fruit extraction methods, seed drying, seed packaging type, and storage duration of seed on the seeds quality. The experiment was conducted from June to November 2011. Jatropha plants used as sources of seeds were obtained from jatropha plantations PT Indocement Tunggal, Tbk, Citeureup, Bogor. Seed handling experiments was conducted at the Seed Technology Laboratory, IPB. The results showed that the level of fruit maturity did not significantly affect the moisture content of seeds, the seeds germination and speed of seedlings growth, but it was significantly affect the dry weight of seed, dry weight of normal seedling, and oil content. The fruit extraction affected the time of peeling, duration of seed sortage, amount of impurities and the extent of seed damage, but it was not significantly affect the seed germination. The seed drying did not significantly affect the seed germination. The length of storage that can retain up to 51% seed germination during 3 months storage was the seed that have been stored in earthen barrel. Keywords: fruit treatment, jatropha, seed quality, seed treatment

85-91

Authors: Yeni Herdiyeni, Julio Adisantoso, Ellyn K Damayanti, Ervizal AM Zuhud, Elvira Nurfadhila, Kristina Paskianti

Indonesia is a mega biodiversity country including many kind medicinal plants. It is not easy to identify the various kinds of the medicinal plants especially for common people. Therefore, we need a computer-based automatic system as a tool to identify these various types of the medicinal plants. Developing of computer-based automatic system for medicinal plant identification has been done based on leaf image. There are 30 species of medicinal plants used in this study. There are 3 features for identification, i.e. morphology, texture, and shape. To improve the accuracy of identification we applied probabilistic neural network to classify the species of medicinal plant. The experiment results showed that the accuracy of identification increase to 74.67%. Developing of search engine has been done as well. We used 32 species of medicinal plant. The number of document was 132 documents. The document consists of name, family, description, diseases, and chemical substances. To improve the accuracy of searching, we applied KNN Fuzzy to classify document into 2 categories, i.e., family and diseases. The experiment results showed that the accuracy of average of precision is 96% for only word of length query and 89% for two words of length query. The system is very beneficial for people in society because it can be used to identify medicinal plants easily and the relevant communitis become independent in maintaining family health and giving opportunities as well as income of the people. Hence, the system is promising for leaf identification and supporting plant biodiversity in Indonesia. Keywords: leaf identification, leaf morphology, leaf shape, medicinal plants, probabilistic neural network, product decision rule

97-101

Authors: Tatiek Kartika Suharsi, Ananda Dian Puspita Sari

The objective of this study was to evaluate keprok (Citrus nobilis) budding seed development on various growing media and age of C. jambhiri rootstock. The design of experiment was complete randomized groups with 2 factors and 3 replications. The growing media consisted of soil, charcoal husk, sheep’s manure, compost, and vermi-compost. Rough lemon citrus rootstock’s age were 8, 11, and 14 months. The results showed that the growing media of soil:charcoal husk:compost or vermicompost mixture of [1:1:1] (v:v:v) was the best media for increasing keprok bud growing. Rough lemon rootstock of 8 and 11 months age were the best rootstock for keprok. Rough lemon rootstock of 14 month age stimulated growth of keprok bud faster than that of 8 and 11 month age of rootstock. Keywords: budding, growing media, keprok, rootstock, rough lemon, scion

109-114

Authors: Yayat Hidayat, Kukuh Murtilaksono, Enni Dwi Wahjunie, Diah Retno Panuju

Citarum is one of strategic rivers in West Java. In the upper part of this river, there are 3 large dams (Saguling, Cirata, and Jatiluhur) which operates hydroelectric power that supply ± 20% electricity needs of Java-Bali area. Run off discharge of the river are fluctuating widely so greatly affect the performance of electricity production, supply of irrigation, and household water in the downstream area. The research aims to identify character of river discharge of Citarum Hulu and its relation with land use changes and farm management. River discharge were analyzed at the inlet of Saguling dam in Kampung Nanjung and some stream monitoring stations located in Ciwidey, Cisangkuy, and Cikapundung-Gandok. River discharge was highly fluctuating. In the peak of rainy season the flow rate can reach 578 m3/sec which caused flooding in several area such as Majalaya, Banjaran, and Dayeuhkolot. In contrary, in dry season the flow was very low, about 2.7 m3/sec, causing drought, failure of rice harvest, and reduced water supply to hydropower plant of Saguling. In addition to affecting rainfall patterns, the flow rate fluctuations was also influenced by pattern of land use and management. Land utilization that was not in accordance with the land capability was the main cause of land degradation which in turn would decrease hydrology function of watershed to control river discharge in rainy season. Keywords: citarum upper watershed, land capability, land use, river discharge

125-131

Authors: Endang Warsiki, Titi Candra Sunarti, Lala Nurmala

Active packaging is a technique that can be developed to prolong shelf-life or enhance safety or sensory properties, while maintaining the quality of fresh products inside. This experiment produced active packaging of antimicrobial (AM) film in which an antimicrobial (AM) agent was added into the film (instead of food) and then used it to coat the food product. The AM agents slowly release into the product surrounds, inhibit the growth of microbes thus packing and preserving were done in a single step. Carragenan was chosen as a matrix film with garlic extract as an AM agent. Fish balls were chosen as a product to be coated by this AM film. The study consisted of 2 steps i.e.: (i) prepared AM film, and (ii) coated the fish balls with AM film and then tested the quality during storage. In general, the quality of fish balls before and after storage still meet the SNI 0-3819-1995. In the application, the fish balls with AM film has longer shelf life than that without AM. Further more, the result of organoleptic test on appearance of odor and color showed that the panelists prefered coated fish balls than the uncoated one. The panelist prefered coated fish ball which is stored at 5 and 15 C. Keywords: antimicrobial packaging, fish ball, garlic extract

6-14

Authors: Mursalin, Purwiyatno Hariyadi, Eko Hari Purnomo, Nuri Andarwulan, Dedi Fardiaz

Dry fractionation will produce a fraction of olein and stearin with different composition of high melting and low melting as well the distribution of triacylglycerol (TAG) in the form of trisaturated (St3), disaturated (St2U) and monosaturated (StU2). This research aimed to study the effect of critical cooling rate and crystallization temperature on the composition and profile of TAG changes as well the melting properties of the fractionated coconut oil products. Coconut oil was heated at 70°C then cooled at different cooling rate to reach various crystalization temperatures. The oil was then stirred at 15rpm and allowed to crystallize at different period of time, and finally fractionated by vacuum filtration using Whatman #40 paper. Fractionation temperatures were the same as crystalization temperatures. The results showed that the critical cooling rate was proportional to the solid-like to liquid-like ratio, the content of St3 and SFC profile of olein fraction but inversely proportional to the content of St2U and StU2 TAG. Interval crystallization temperature between 21.30 and 21.73 °C produced the S/L ratio, the content of St3 TAG and SFC profiles of olein fractions lower and the content of St2U and StU2 TAG higher than the temperature interval below or above it. Coconut oil fractionation more effective in higher crystallization temperature or lower critical cooling rate. In these cooling treatments, St3 TAG which has high melting pointwould be concentrated at stearin fraction, while St2U and StU2 TAG and MCTwould be at olein fraction. Therefore, it will increase melting properties of stearin fraction and decrease olein fraction. Keywords: coconut oil, critical cooling rates, crystallization temperature, fractionation, melting properties, TAG profile

20-28

Authors: Sutrisno, Emmy Darmawati, Rokhani Hasbullah, Harli Prawaningrum

Starfruits is one of exotic tropical fruits that have increasing its popularity both for domestic and global market due to its unique shape and taste, as well as their nutrition values. However, this fruit is considered perishable product with short self-life, thus the proper post harvest treatment should be done to prevent their quality after harvest. In general, the objective of this research was to determine optimum treatment of hot water treatment (HWT) and immersion period in CaCl2 solution using response surface method (RSM) for post harvest handling of starfruits in order to maintain its quality during storage. Among quality parameters tested, weight loss and hardness were found as the most responsive to the combination treatment. Parameter of weight loss rate showed a maximization response with stationary point of HWT’s temperature of 42 C, expose period for 42 minutes, and immersion period in CaCl2 solution for 38 minutes with respond point of weight loss was 3.74%. Meanwhile, the hardness parameter achievement was the minimum with stationary point of HWT’s temperature of 48 C, expose period for 35 minutes, and immersion period in CaCl2 solution fpr 35 minutes resulted respond point of hardness of 0.63 Newton. Interest level from the panelist were color, taste, texture and aroma, respectively, whereas the treatment combination that accepted by panelist were (45 C, 65', 40'), (45 C, 40', 15'), and (45 C, 40', 40’). Keywords: CaCl2, hardness, HWT, RSM, starfruit, weight loss

43-48

Authors: Didah Nur Faridah*, Sedarnawati Yasni, Antin Suswantinah, Ghesi Wuri Aryani

The aim of this study was to find chemical and microbiological characteristics of instant bandrek and nutmeg syrup from Sinarsari and Dramaga villages, Dramaga District, Bogor Regency. The analysis resulted that both products still fulfilled the quality standard of microbiological set by the Indonesian National Standard. The antioxidant capacity of instant bandrek and nutmeg syrup consecutively was equivalent with 256.12 mg AEAC per serving size and 775.62 mg AEAC per serving size, respectively. The toal phenolic of the instant bandrek drink and nutmeg syrup consecutively was equivalent with 89.81 mg GAE/L and 140.68 mg GAE/L, respectively. It can be concluded that the food processing did not remove the bioactive compounds that could function as antioxidant. Keywords: antioxidant capacity, instant bandrek, nutmeg syrup, total phenolic level

55-60

Authors: Ridwan Affandi, Tatag Budiardi, Ronny Irawan Wahju, Am Azbas Taurusman

Today, eel resource especially seeds in Indonesia has not been used for eel culture activities. To be able to optimally utilize the seeds that led to the production of eels for consumption needs adequate cultivation technology. This study aimed to obtain performance information of survival rate, growth rate, and feed conversion ratio to support mass production of eel consumption. The experiments were performed using aquarium of (0.8 x 0.4 x 0.4) m3 and concrete tank (1.7 x 1.7 x 1) m3 with circulating water. Eel used were elver (1.21.5 g) and fingerlings (1517 g). Silk worms (Tubifex) and artificial feed in the pasta form were used as feed. The results showed that the elver reared in aquarium or concrete tank with water recirculation system showed high survival rate of 7879% and 8696%, respectively. The specific growth rate (SGR) was good (0.60.8%), but the feed conversion was still high (3321) for the elver fed with silk worms and very good (0.60.7) for elver fed with artificial feed. The juvenile eel reared in a concrete tank showed SR up to 8594%, the SGR ranged from 0.8 to 1.2%, and feed conversion from 0.61 to 0.69. It can be concluded that the rearing of seed eel can be done incontainer using water recirculation system with stocking density of 3 individuals/land 1.5 kg/m3 in preparing the seed to be ready tobe cultivated outdoors. Keywords: elver, feed conversion ratio, juvenile, specific growth rate, water recirculation system

141-144

Authors: Imam Wahyudi, Istie Sekartining Rahayu, Arinana

Fumigated wood was assumed to retain durability level against wood destroying factors. Due to lack of data, fumigated wood durability against wood destroying factors needs to be investigated, especially toward subterranean termites. The aim of this research was to evaluate fumigated wood durability against subterranean termites attack in laboratory scale (ASTM D 3345-2008). Wood samples used were sengon (Falcataria moluccana), rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis), and mangium (Acacia mangium). Samples of 2.5 × 2.5 × 0.6 cm were fumigated inside 2 × 1 × 1 m of fumigation chamber using 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 liters of ammonia solution for 4 days. The samples were then transferred into glass bottle, along with sterile sand and 200 worker and 20 soldier subterranean termites. After 4 weeks, mortality and weight loss percentage were measured. All treatments showed 100% of mortality, while a significant decline in weight loss percentage was varied depends on wood species as well as the volume of ammonia. Therefore, fumigated wood was proven resistant against the attacks of subterranean termites. Keywords: ammonia, Coptotermes curvignathus, efficacy, fast growing species, fumigation

153-158

Authors: Leti Sundawati, Ninuk Purnaningsih, Edy Djauhari Purwakusumah

Most of the community surrounding forest areas in Sukabumi District are poor farmers. They traditionally cultivate medicinal plants. However, quality of the products is not standardized, and hence, low price. Therefore, it is needed to strengthen and empower the farmer capacity, by developing an integrated marketing model for medicinal plants and by enhancing the competitiveness of the farmer group institution so that they can build a partnership with industry. This activity involved farmers at Mekarjaya Village, Ciemas Subdistrict who are member of Srijaya Farmer Groups Association. Survey, in-depth interview, and focus group discussion were conducted to get data on the existing condition. Farmer institution strengthening was conducted through trainings for farmers on entrepreneurship, medicinal plant cultivation and processing, facilitation of farmer group institution, and establishment of demonstration plots of medicinal plant cultivation. Agribusiness networking and partnership was built through the memorandum of understanding on marketing between Sri Jaya with two biopharmaca companies. Keywords: empowerment, farmer institution, marketing, medicinal plant, partnership

166-171

Authors: Mira Dewi, Muhammad Aries, Hardinsyah, Cesilia Meti Dwiriani, Nunuk Januwati

Sufficient knowledge of the community regarding benefits of temulawak for health and scientific evidence of its influence on the immune system is crucial for rationalizing the utilization of these plants for health purposes. This study aimed to analyze the public's knowledge about health benefits of temulawak drinks, as well as analyzing the effect of temulawak extract drink consumption on humoral immune system function as assessed by population of B lymphocytes in obese adults. The study consisted of a survey of knowledge about the health benefits of temulawak involving 80 subjects and a clinical trial of the effect of extract temulawak drink consumption given for 2 weeks in 21 obese subjects. Populationof total lymphocytes and B lymphocytes were analyzed before and after intervention. This study showed that the health benefits of temulawak most widely known by subjects were to increase appetite and to maintain stamina. From the clinical trial it was shown that the extract significantly reduce the population of B lymphocytes, indicating a decrease in humoral immune function. Keywords: health benefits, humoral immune system, knowledge, temulawak

180-185

Authors: Widodo, Suryo Wiyono

The objective of this study is to determine effective carrier materials and additives which is able to keep the bioperformance, including antibiosis activity to Phytophthora capsici and Colletotrichum acutatum and plant growth promoting effect, of two antagonistic bacteria Psedomonas fluorescens PG 01 and Bacillus polymixa BG 25 in biofungicide powder formulations. Talc and bentonite formulations were effective after 3 months of storage, while tapioca were only effective to B. polymixa up to 3 months of storage. Additive materials that can enhance the antibiosis activity of the bacteria, keeping up the growth and no toxicity effect to chili seedlings were crab shell powder 0.25% and MnSO4 1 to 2%. After eight months storage with 20% moisture content, the bacteria population survived in powder formulation developed in this study was still suitable for seed treatment and/or after transplanting through soil drenching with water. In this period of storage, population of the two bacteria was 106 cfu/g formulation. Keywords: biofungicide, B. polymixa, P. fluorescens, powder formulation

192-198

Authors: Yonny Koesmaryono, Haruna, Budi Kartiwa, Impron

Study on the effect of dose management on water irrigation and the effect of pruning corn lower leaves on productivity of Lamuru variety grown on dry land of dry climate area has been done. The experiment was organized at Naibonat Experimental Station, East Kupang Subdistrict, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, from June to October 2011. The area used was 72 × 32 m using split plot design methods, employing two treatments. The first treatment was conducted on the main plot with water irrigation dose given 100, 80, and 60% the dose control was according to the farmer’s customary. The second treatment was applied by pruning or not pruning the lower leaves at the generative phase on the determined submain plot. The result showed that dose of water irrigation of 80 and 60% gave significant effect on corn productivity, that is 7.3 and 5.3 ton/ha, but not significant to the control (6.6 ton/ha). On the other hand, the treatment with and without leaf pruning did not give significant effect on the growth component because pruning was conducted during the generative phase. The Anova test result of corn productivity was not significantly different between the treatment of with and without pruning. The treatment of 80% dose of water irrigation could save water until 842 m3 or 20% per planting season per hectare. Meanwhile, the farmer’s customary wasted the water up to 2.105 m3 or 50% per planting season per hectare. Based on the results, the optimizing of water irrigation interval is seven times more efficient in one planting period as compared to 14 irrigation times in one planting period. Keywords: corn, irrigation, productivity, pruning