Studia Universitatis Moldaviae. Stiinte umanistice

3-6

Authors: Laura ARDELEAN

In this paper the 2nd to 4th century period for Crişana is highlighted, when this area was massively inhabited by the tribes of free Dacians, the ones not incorporated in the Roman Empire. They lived between the Iazyg Sarmatians and the Germanic people from the West and North-West and the Roman province Dacia. Their material culture lives on, changes in their structure are made by the appearance of black grainy pottery and the brick-red usual roman pottery. Gradually their culture is metamorphosed in a provincial Roman one. The settlements belonging to the free Dacians on the Crişul Repede, Crişul Alb, Crişul Negru, Barcău and Ier valleys were archaeologically researched. We mention the settlement from Medieşul Aurit where dozens of pottery kilns were discovered and where Roman style pottery was produced on a grand scale destined for trade. Researches showed that the free Dacians continued their lives even after the Roman conquest. They had contacts with Sarmatians and Germanic people but the strong Roman influence cannot be contested, especially through trade and social relations. After the Romans left the province one can observe movements of romanized Dacians towards West and North-West but also movements of free Dacians’ territory towards the once Roman Dacia. The process of romanization continues here until the arrival of the Slavs and in the 9th-10th century the Romanians form here a separate political formation.

16-22

Authors: Sorin ȘIPOŞ

In medieval sources, the Romanian population on the coast of Dalmatia and in the Istria Peninsula is known as Istro-Romanians in Romanian historiography, but documents of the time also record it as Morlachs. The archives in France still contain unpublished documentary sources about the Romanians in the north of the Danube and in the Balkan Peninsula. The reports are written either by French officers, or by people in the elite of the nations subjected by Napoleon. This is the case of the memoir drafted in 1806 by Colonel Antoine Zulatti on the reform and regulation of Dalmatian Morlachs. His memoir constitutes an epic on the realities of the Morlach society at the stage of losing its linguistic identity, but very conservative in terms of its customs, traditions and holidays.

31-52

Authors: Valentin TOMULEŢ

Based on unpublished archival sources, found in the funds of the National Archive of the Republic of Moldova and the Historical State Archive of Russia (St. Petersburg), the author analyzes the changes that have occurred in the demo-graphic, social, economic and religious situation of Bessarabia in the first decades after the annexation. Using statistical data collected and systematized by the Spiritual Dicastery of Chisinau, for the years 1819-1829, prepared on the basis of parish registers, and official statistics, for the years 1819-1828, presented by the regional administration to imperial institutions, the author analyzes the size, distribution and composition of population, its social and confessional compo¬sition, describes the changes that occurred in the economic life of the province.

60-70

Authors: Cristina GHERASIM

The nobility from Bessarabia got actively involved in the tsarist administrative system in order to benefit by the rights and privileges of this specific social category, but it also reserved its national identity. This fact is confirmed by the archival data, writings, notes and comments of the domestic and foreign contemporaries. The manifestation of national identity was realized by: keeping the old title; the use of signatures in Moldavian paleography; endless conflicts with the representatives of imperial administration and tsarist army; negative attitude towards the allogeneous employment in various social and political fields; the fight for the domestic legislation, the language, Romanian customs and traditions; communication in the Romanian language; listening to the fiddler music etc. So, the nobility had an important role in the process of promotion of national identity and consciousness; the villagers preserved the Romanian ethos but the nobility rose up personalities: who boosted the unity with the motherland Romania, who proved Latin and Romanian character in Bessarabia, that the truly language is the Romanian and the history is common with the one of Principality of Moldavia before the annexation.

76-80

Authors: Petru GOLBAN

The process of russification, begun in Bessarabia ever since 1812, evolved along an ascending trend until the liberation of this province in 1918. Along with the goal of fulfilling the gap of highly trained specialists, by opening the agrarian schools (we refer here to those from Grinauti, Cucuruzeni and Purcari) the tsarism had a more subtle aim, that of rus¬si¬fication. The teaching language, the study programme and the modifications in the educational plan, lead to the conclusion that one of the main targets of the tsarism, by opening these schools, consisted in the denationalisation of the Romanians from Bessarabia.

88-98

Authors: Constantin UNGUREANU

During 1875-1919, Chernivtsi University was comprised of three faculties: orthodox theology, law and philosophy. The Faculty of Orthodox Theology played a special role within the University. This department was comprised of 15 full professors, of which 13 were Romanian and 2 Ukrainians. Faculty of Law was the best frequented. The Faculty of Philosophy in Chernivtsi was comprised of several departments such as philosophy, history, philology and linguistics, mathematics and natural sciences, modern languages, physics and chemistry. Just before the Great War, this Faculty was comprised of 28 departments of which 16 were specialized in philology and history while 12 were specialized in the natural sciences.

110-114

Authors: Valentin ARAPU

The governor of Bessarabia S.D. Urusov settled the „Armenian issue” in an amicable way. Armenians from Bessarabia agreed to cede to Russian state some money and properties, in order to keep intact the privileges and status they held. In Bessarabia, unlike other gubernias, where there were tensions in this regard, thanks to skilful and tolerant policy, promoted by S.D. Urusov, the process of partial expropriation of the Armenian community was held calmly and without excesses.

123-134

Authors: Liliana ROTARU

The human resource is the strategic capital of any higher education institutions and, in general, a judicious staff policy, but especially – a good policy of recruitment and selection of didactic and scientific staff makes possible to realize the higher education mission and, by default – the goals of those who are promoting it. The research of staff policy in high schools of MSSR during the higher education recovery after the WWII revealed that it was under the control of national policy of the soviet state. This policy aimed to create a “new man”, and to integrate him into a supra-ethnic identity, called “the soviet people” – a denationalized people, indoctrinated with the Marxist-Leninist ideology, Russified and Russianized, who had one socialist homeland – the Soviet Union and one common goal – to build the communism. All the instruments and methods of recruitment and selection of the academic staff for the educational institutions of MSSR were subordinate to the creation of a new didactic and scientific body, mostly Russian speaking and maintaining the Russian language and culture, ideologised and loyal to the soviet state and to the communist party. The professional competences were a secondary criterion of recruitment and selection, and all of this – camouflaged under the significantly idea of promoting “the Moldovan native element”.

145-148

Authors: Adrian-Cosmin IUŞAN

This paper aims to bring to light new information on the history of Jews in Romanian space from a case study of Transylvanian village Negrileşti, Bistrita-Nasaud county. We will try to trace, from the few existing sources the image of the Jews in the mind of Romanian people of Negrilești, the one that existend during the time the village had a Jewish population and the one that was transmitted generationally until today.

162-170

Authors: Cosmin PATCA

The Upper Bistra Valley is located in the North-Western part of Romania, in the Northern half of Bihor County. In 1989 almost all the labour force was employed by the PadureaNeagra Glass Factory and the Voivozi Mining Exploitation. The fall of communism in Romania brought about a major change of the whole society; standard of living was high and the area was attractive. Mining and glass working disappeared. The economic restructuring and the closure of factories influenced the evolution of the population: demographic regress, migration, poverty. Such a research at the border between history, sociology, statistics and historical demography has the role of contributing to a deep and accurate knowledge on local realities with a view to find solutions for the economic revival of the area.

290-294

Authors: Dina ȚĂRNĂ

In the current socio-cultural context in which religious activity is a matter of personal choice and free time, religious identity seems to be more unstable than ever. Most psycho-sociological research focused on studying identity during adolescence, although the process of building religious identity does not end at that age, proof being religious conversions that occur in adulthood or old age. Fluidity and negotiation religious identity is a crucial piece in understanding human religious commitment. Postmodern religious identities are often assembled to create a DIY beliefs and practices, and sociologists, anthropologists relate this phenomenon to the expansion of the media and human capacity to access a wide variety of religious information. Thus, in many situations, religious identity is reflected and shaped the technology we use, and individuals build their identity using symbols media.

03-11

Authors: Larisa CEBUC, Rachida SADOUNI

An international and academic collaboration is described and discussed in this paper, by two teachers from Algeria and Moldova, who jointly managed a unique translation project. This project “MATP (Algeria - Moldova Translation Project)” was carried out from February to May 2017, by Algerian and Moldovan students through electronic mails. Thanks to this means of distant communication, these students exchanged original tales written in French in order to translate them into the official languages of their respective countries. At the end of this project, the stories and the translations were evaluated by an Algerian and Moldavian reading committee, and prizes of different categories were awarded for the best works.

22-29

Authors: Angela GRĂDINARU

The main aim of this study is to address the role of ambiguity in translation. The formal identity and quasi-identity of homonymous and paronymous terms may generate more interpretations. This phenomenon highlights the relation between form and meaning. The speaker has to choose the word according to the context. Any form that can be associated with several meanings is virtually ambiguous, and some homonyms and paronyms retain their ambiguity even within a specific context. The interlingual ambiguity is conditioned by the subjective norms of the Linguistic Imaginary which is expressed through the association of two interlingual homonyms or paronyms and through the formation of homonymic and paronymic alliances at the interlingual level. An aspect of ambiguity is the alternative in language, which aims at creating a situation where the sender and receiver have to choose. We have also set out to analyze this phenomenon based on an experiment with the students. Therefore, in the present study we have attempted to prove that the usage of a word is a rather difficult art that involves a lifelong improvement. The need of such cultivation should be felt by every speaker if they want to be understood with precision in any communicative situation and by any interlocutor.

36-45

Authors: Ina SÎTNIC

The article examines the problem of translation errors made by third year students at the Department of Translation, Interpretation and Applied Linguistics, Moldova State University, during classes of consecutive interpreting, based on examples drawn from sight translation and consecutive interpreting from English into Romanian. We intend to focus on an extended typology that comprises translation mistakes, linguistic errors, semantic-pragmatic errors, extralinguistic errors, aiming at analysing their causes and the need to correct and avoid them.

51-54

Authors: Svetlana CORCODEL

This research work is a proof of an attempt to find peculiar aspects of legal terminology as a part of the language vocabulary. It helped us understand better the process of terms evolution and their development within the framework of one specialized language. It is a kind of analysis and foreseeing of the legal terms creation, assimilation and their implementation into the actual specialized vocabulary. This research is a good source of information for terminologists helping them to choose what term should be used, what information and meaning it designates and when it should be used. This field needs a permanent study, because this specialized field is always in evolution that depends on the country development and progress.

59-63

Authors: Corina IORDAN

The realia words existed since the communication between the representatives of different cultures began, but the comprehension of this concept, as well as, scientific works dedicated to this phenomenon, appeared only at the beginning of 20th century. This paper is a diachronic study of the realia word concept, and a comparative and contrastive study of the terms that have been used to talk about it.

68-70

Authors: Nadejda ȘELARU

Language is an integral part of culture, and some linguists state that it is a fact of culture. The writer is a messenger of a particular context and historical time, as the translator is a messenger of another context and historical time. Translation is a process that involves both language and culture as they are inseparable entities. The translator should know the language and culture of the source text, as well as the language and culture of the target text. In order to translate the Romanian cultural elements, the adaptation seems to be the most appropriate strategy used by the translator. In situations where there is no equivalent in target language and culture, the translator renders the meaning by other lexical means or choosing between literal translation and free translation.

77-81

Authors: Irina TULBU

In this article we intend to establish the reception’s place within the modern comparatism, to review writers and researchers who have contributed to the development of modern comparatism and to distinguish the most appropriate typology for the reception of original works in another cultural space. And, last but not least, to highlight the role that the first Bessarabian italienist personality, Professor Nicanor Rusu, have had concerning the Italian literature reception in the Romanian cultural space, at the level of translations. The researched issue will be motivated by the translations made in Bessarabia from the greatest Italian poet’s work, Dante Alighieri.

86-90

Authors: Tatiana TREBEȘ

From the point of view of the onomastic frequency, the nucleus of the current name inventory of the Republic of Moldova (especially of the Orhei town) consists from calendaristic (Christian) first names, which, despite the competition of the modern names, resists the fashion and the external influences. However, nowadays, there is a general tendency to modernize the traditional inventory of names, a tendency that manifests both through the appearance of various short and hypocoristic forms and by the appearance of a series of anthroponymic doubles or pair names, formed by the derivation of the first names, from masculine to feminine (regression derivation) and vice versa, from feminine to masculine (progressive derivation). It must be mentioned that the process of derivation generated a series of unconventional names such as hypocoristic forms or short forms, which can be considered unisex names because they are gender neutral and do not have specific markers to indicate the biological sex of the person.

98-101

Authors: Ala DAVID

The purpose of this article is to identify the linguistic and pragmatic features of the mediatized text of medical popularization. From the linguistic and interactive perspectives, the medical text presents certain identifying features, such as vocabulary, objectivity, specific intertextuality, etc. The analysis of the medical texts course towards the non-specialist public allows delimitation of the popularization techniques using style figures, reformulation, meta-language and synonymous substitutions.

112-125

Authors: Ion EREMIA

The study shows that unlike Russian historiography until 1917 and Western historiography, which recognized and recognize the political and contractual nature of the capitulations, the Soviet and contemporary Russian historiography denied and vehemently denied this character of capitulations, considered only commercial privileges granted by sultans to foreign states or to guarantee rights for foreign subjects in the Ottoman Empire. Despite this fact, Russian documentary sources from the first decades of the 18th century attest the fact that the Sublime Gate also granted capitulations to Russia – these were the peace confirmation texts from the Ottoman Padishah.

135-139

Authors: Ion GUMENÂI

The present article refers to the urban history of Chisinau, and if it is to be more precise in the construction of the Armenian Church the Resurrection of the Lord built in the Armenian cemetery of this city. Particular attention is drawn to documents that were collected at the National Archives of Armenia.

159-183

Authors: Valentin TOMULEŢ

Based on the original archival sources found in the National Archive of the Republic of Moldova, the author analy-zes the changes that occurred in the demographic and social-economic situation of the Hotin county in the 1830s. Using the statistical data gathered and systematized by the administration of Hotin county, for the years 1830, 1832, 1835 and 1836, presented to the regional administration and the imperial institutions, the author analyzes the size, distribution and composition of the population, describes the changes that occurred in the economic life of Hotin County, during this period of time.

187-192

Authors: Дмитро БОНДАРЕНКО

Finland and Romania, two states that managed to resist the Bolshevik aggression in 1918-1919 and to defend their independence. They have become a kind of shield of the flanks of Europe (Scandinavia and the Balkans) from Bolshevism. Continuing the struggle against Bolshevism they intervened in neighboring states in 1919: Finland provided military assistance to Estonia, and Romania liquidated the Hungarian Soviet Republic. These anti-Bolshevik interventions had certain features. For instance, in Estonian case Finnish troops were landed in the capital of the country, Tallinn, and then advanced to Estonian-Russian border, liberating the country from the Bolsheviks. While the Finnish military contingent did not exceed Estonian national army. The actions of Finland had the nature of military assistance to the legal government of Estonia to wage war against external aggression. In the case of Hungary, on the contrary, the Bolsheviks had seized power in the capital and the country as whole then began the aggression against Romania. Romania was forced to resist the Bolshevik aggression from two fronts: Hungarian and Russian soviet republics. Having received the mandate of the Entente, Romania invaded Hungary to defeat soviet power and to assist Admiral M. Horthy to form National White army. Romanian army had advanced from the border of Hungary to its capital and occupied Budapest. The victory over the Hungarian Reds was occurred entirely due to the Romanian troops, because Hungarian White army was too weak in 1919.

211-226

Authors: Gabriel MOISA

Following the rural electoral environment, around and during local and parliamentary elections, spent along the inter-war era, we find out a series of phenomena that characterize, in general, the Romanian political world, a proof that Bihor area integrates completely in the existing context of inter-war Romania. The characteristic features depend on the local specific. Thus, we find that Bihor rural world becomes, along with the implementation of universal vote, an active part of national policy. The peasants become interesting for candidates, being seen as potential dialog partners when its considered useful. The Romanian inter-war democracy did not function at absolute parameters. Nor was it possible. The relation between the politician and rural voters, as it had been established by the universal vote and by the Constitution from 1923, was not a solid one. This partnership suffered a lot during the two World Wars. Nevertheless, inter-war period marked a step forward in Romanian political life.

236-242

Authors: Ion Valer XENOFONTOV

The political, ideological, and administrative context the reorganisation of academical structure in Soviet Moldova was presented relying on archives materials. The subject was reflected through the central (Moscow) and periphery (Chisinau) point of view. The author emphasised the interference of political and ideological factor in administrative structure of science. The reforming process beared the means of time, the marks of staliniste epoch in which this process developed.

260-266

Authors: Mariana BUBUIOC

Taking into account the political reconfigurations and the uncertain situation from the USSR, the recognition of the Republic of Moldova's independence by the Republic of Turkey occurs only on December 16, 1991. Since the estab-lishment of diplomatic relations between Republic of Moldova and Republic of Turkey on February 3, 1992, both sides initiated some actions in order to strengthen the political and diplomatic dialogue. The factor that determined the intensity of the Moldovan-Turkish political dialogue was the change of foreign policy directions of the new presidential cabinet of Süleyman Demirel in the second half of 1993. During Demirel’s official visit to Republic of Moldova on June 1st-3rd, 1994 the general legal framework for bilateral cooperation was established, by signing the Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation between Republic of Moldova and Republic of Turkey, and also the bilateral collaboration was intensified, by setting contacts with the numerous and diverse delegation of Turkish president.

279-283

Authors: Dumitru-Cătălin ROGOJANU

In this scientific work we aim to investigate the commemorations and their role in society, the features that define them, the motivations that determine states and people to celebrate, to recall exemplary – or on the contrary, less fortu-nate – events and personalities. Commemorations can be placed between solemnity and national consciousness, and the need of remembering the past in this way is the leitmotif of this paper. Furthermore, we expose synthetically the functions and types of commemorations, as well as the mission of the historian in the context of these events, the “places of me¬mory” as locations with commemorative signification, but also the potential for manipulation and the “abuses of memory”.

295-301

Authors: Vasile ŢAPOC

The current article focuses on possibilities of research offered by the models, developed by K.Popper and G.Bachelard, as placed in the sphere of interdisciplinary study. Both the method of critical rationalism by K.Popper, as well as the recurrent method of G.Bachelard use abundantly the resources of rational, objective knowledge. It is the nature of the latter that allowed for the transformation of interdisciplinary methodology into a technology of knowledge production by computers, which lead to the progress of civilization, along with the crisis of culture. A specialist in computer interdependency has become a convenient tool in solving civilization problems, whereas the man overwhelmed by his cultural problems – the finality of his existence and others – falls into the realm of interdisciplinary research.

03-06

Authors: Sanda-Maria ARDELEANU

Notre travail focalise sur la dynamique linguistique à partir du terme de francophonie et de son évolution sémantique et morphologique. On constate que le socio-culturel laisse ses empreintes d’une façon déterminante sur la terminologie francophone.

11-25

Authors: Ludmila ZBANT

The problem of etymological doublets occupies a less discussed place in the specialised literature focused on the issues of terms formation and functioning. Perhaps this is explained by the fact that we refer to an aspect mostly cha¬rac¬teristic of Roman languages, the etymological doublets being, somehow, a product of a double borrowing (at different histo¬rical times), most frequently from the Latin Greek (or another language), having as a starting point a common lexical etymon which forms an inherited lexeme (popular formation) and a borrowed one ("savant" formation). Sometimes both forms may be borrowings from other third languages. In this article, we were particularly interested in the termino¬logical and translational context of the functioning of the etymological doublets in French and Romanian languages as well as the problems arising from the specialized translation with the participation of such lexicon.

33-39

Authors: Ma’moun ALSHTAIWI

La terminologie s’est généralement focalisée sur les unités de nature nominale ainsi que sur les relations entre celle-ci (genre-espèce; partie-tout). En effet, le verbe a été relativement rarement pris en considération en terminologie, en raison d'un modèle terminologique mal adapté à la prise en compte d’unités lexicales de nature prédicative (le verbe notamment). Nous nous proposons de décrire le verbe spécialisé ainsi que ses déverbaux, souvent oubliés dans le dictionnaire et la banque terminologique. Les unités décrites sont des verbes issus du corpus composé de documentations relevant du domaine des sciences et techniques spatiales.

46-52

Authors: Sergiu LUPAŞCO

Despite the fact that the term Children’s literature seems to be self-evident, we still attest the coexistence of a large number of synonymous terms used to refer to this notion. This article presents a multilingual study that explains the origin of the terminological synonymy and the chronological evolution of certain concepts referring to the notion of children's literature, demonstrating that some terms that many specialists consider to be synonymous, are, in fact, not, while other terms, even if designating one and the same notion, have not exactly the same conditions of usage and can not substitute each other in a perfect manner. Therefore, it would be better if those terms were regarded as variants. Also, the article pinpoints that children's literature is regarded as a sort of sub-literature and the problem of youth reading as a minor matter, a fact that finds its reflection in terminology as well.

59-72

Authors: Sonia BERBINSKI

Notre hypothèse de travail est que l’antonymie se présente comme un phénomène qui transgresse le niveau de la composante phrastique, en s’installant dans la composante discursive. Elle nous apparaît comme une relation qui se manifeste à plusieurs niveaux de structuration du langage, depuis le niveau lexical jusqu’au texte, en passant par la phrase et par le discours (l’énoncé). La problématique de l’antonymie dans les langages de spécialité consiste dans le fait que le niveau de la langue actualise assez rarement des oppositions dans ce domaine. Ce qui doit être pris en considération, c’est justement cette composante discursive qui permet l’apparition des oppositions antonymiques, non-actualisées en surface par des lexèmes, mais justifiables au niveau des prédicats sémantiques subsistant en profondeur. Les divers mécanismes qui peuvent engendrer cette relation (négation polémique, oxymore, antiphrase) facilitent la production des antonymes entre des termes de spécialité.

80-85

Authors: Larisa CEBUC

L’objectif de cette recherche est d’observer la réalisation du terme de polyphonie sous l’impacte de la traduction. Nous entamons par une étude de sa présence lexicographique. Puis il suit une exposition succincte de l’évolution du terme suite à l’introduction d’un nouveau sens métaphorique par M. Bakhtine. L’environnement propice des années 60-70 pour l’introduction et la mise en valeur de la l’œuvre du théoricien russe a révélé l’imminence de sa traduction dans plusieurs pays. Celle-ci lui a assuré une ouverture vers des sciences à tendance continue de définir et rendre opération¬nelle la notion de polyphonie. Nous annonçons simultanément la multitude de débats survenus à cause de l’accès réduit au texte-source ou des altérations et reformulations douteuses survenues lors de la traduction vers le français. Pour exemplifier nous proposons une brève étude d’un nombre de difficultés de traductions vers les langues française et roumaine. En guise de conclusion nous faisons un état de lieux du succès du concept et de la pratique de polyphonie dans l’espace roumain et moldave.

90-97

Authors: Yasmine ADIB

Ce travail de recherche présente les stratégies d’apprentissage du français langue étrangère et examine les liens entre stratégies et acquisition d’une compétence générale. Cette étude met en relief l’apport majeur des données issues de la psychologie cognitive qui nous renseigne sur les mécanismes qui permettent à l’apprenant d’acquérir, d’intégrer et de réutiliser des connaissances. Aussi, nous expliquons comment les données de la psychologie cognitive nous éclairent sur la nature de l’apprentissage. Le but fondamental de la mise en pratique des stratégies d’apprentissage et de promouvoir l’autonomie de l’apprenant. Il convient de signaler que les stratégies d’apprentissage désignent un ensemble d’opérations mises en œuvre par l’apprenant pour acquérir, intégrer et réutiliser la langue cible. L’apprentissage du français langue étrangère peut être vu comme tout autre processus de traitement de l’information: d’abord, l’apprenant sélectionne et saisit les éléments nouveaux d’information qui lui sont présentés, ensuite, il traite et emmagasine cette information dans sa mémoire. Enfin, il la récupère afin de la réutiliser.

103-106

Authors: Alina BUŞILĂ

It is well known the fact that the Romanian language spoken in the Republic of Moldova undergone many transfor¬ma¬tions during the times, especially due to the Russification process which caused the creation of linguistic bastards at all levels: phonetic, morphological, lexical, etc. Legal terminology also had very much to suffer because of incorrect gram¬matical and syntactic forms, language inaccuracies, calques, borrowings and ungrammatical transliterations/transcripti¬ons, for instance: ”camera de chibzuire” (today we use the term camera de deliberări), ”judecătorie norodnică”, „judecată tovă¬răşească” (the current form - instanţă de arbitraj), „socotelile între părţi”, „prestaţiune corelativă”, „se datoreşte culpei”, „încunoştiinţarea despre anularea procurii” or „sunt persoane juridice […] care funcţionează pe bază de hozrasciot”, „publicitatea dezbaterilor judiciare”, „soluţionarea chestiunilor”, etc. These terms were valid and used in legal documents, moreover, they had been treated as linguistic normality. Even though the legal language, as other specialized languages, means eloquence, pristine and precise utterance, the memory of the past still dominates the Moldovan legal language through examples as: speluncă (Organizarea ori întreţinerea speluncilor pentru consumul sub¬stanţelor narcotice sau psihotrope – Article 219, Criminal Code of the RM) or samavolnicie (contravenţia de samavolnicie – Article 335), etc. That is why, this articles has several aims: to describe the process of legal terms formation during the period of 1950 – 2015 from Moldovan Soviet Socialist Republic until today; to identify the means used by these words to enter the voca¬bulary, and to describe the dynamics of these terms by confronting tradition with innovation, linguistic norms with their use. The linguistic material was selected from the Civil Procedure Code of the MSSR from 1965 and 1983, the Civil Code of the MSSR from 1964 and 1986, and the relevant codes which are current in 2015.

113-116

Authors: Ina SÎTNIC

In this article, we aim at presenting the role of the mutual-assessment method as a component of the modern evaluation and a key-element that contributes to the encouragement of students participation in the act of learning oral translation, the better appraisal of the results of their activity and, implicitly, the development of oral translation competences. The subject is treated in terms of the analysis of a popularization article from the domain of the protection of environment.

121-123

Authors: Galina PLEŞCA

The article deals with the study of the scientific language as a literary language subsystem, the aim of which is to identify its general characteristics. The scientific language addresses the reason and logic, reasoning being its basic characteristic feature and its function of rendering scientific and utilitarian information based on logical and deductive reasoning is the dominant one and serves the purpose of informing and educating, basic pillars of any scientific text.

128-131

Authors: Victoria CRAVCENCO

EU legislation covers all areas of human life and activity. Most legislative acts are translated into all the languages of the member states. Various EU institutions periodically publish glossaries, practical, methodological and stylistic guides to ensure correct interpretation and use of the EU legislation terminology. But what would be the right solution in case of collaboration between two countries, one of which is a member state of the European Union and the other one is not? Will it be right to use the terminology of Romanian legislation in case of the Republic of Moldova? What to do if some concepts or terms do not coincide? Is it right to use several synonyms in the same document? We have decided to study a corpus of EU legislation, in particular that of Romania, as compared with Moldovan legislation and some US laws in order to observe the difference between the terms used. This paper includes some practical recommendations which can be used for quality assurance in translation, as well as in managerial activities, decision-making, preparation of official documents, and staff training. Special attention is paid to work on bilingual or multilingual parallel corpora of official texts which we call reference documents. The suggested approach is an example of best practice which allows finding up-to-date standardized terminology and legal definitions of the main terms, the right understanding of which is crucial.

137-145

Authors: Eugenia DODON

The article refers mostly to semantic disagreement between words. Based on selected examples from publicistic style, the most frequent cases of semantic restrictions between components of a word combination are analyzed (determined and determinative). It deals with some unacceptable combinations, most often, between noun and adjective, between verb and noun. It also highlights the cases of improper substitution of words with their synonyms.

161-166

Authors: Viorica MOLEA

Different conditions of evolution determine the specific of language used in the Romanian space. Thus, while the Bessarabia was under the massive influence of Russian language, the changes occurring in language bore the mark of several degrading processes for her oral and written substance. These changes carried greater significance in what concerns the oral aspect. In this article we reveal some differentiating aspects of the language spoken in Bessarabia, consequences of the long Russian presence in the region, as well as some reflections, conclusions on the topic.

170-175

Authors: Ana GHEORGHIŢĂ

Le roman de référence de Stendhal „Le Rouge et le Noir” met en évidence une tendance nommée „beylisme”, par l’intermédiaire de laquelle le personnage central, Julien Sorel, reprend, dans une certaine mesure, les caractéristiques de la personnalité stendhalienne. Situé à la frontière entre le Romantisme et le Réalisme, celui-ci représente un héros controversé, d’un côté étant doué de qualités exceptionnelles, comme l’intelligence, la beauté, la ténacité, la volonté et l’ambition saine, mais de l’autre côté étant dominé par une haine profonde envers ses contemporains. Victime d’une combinaison chromatiqu44e fatale (le rouge symbolisant la carrière militaire et le noir – celle ecclésiastique), Sorel projette lui-même sa mort.

181-186

Authors: Irina TULBU

Into Bessarabian culture, Giacomo Leopardi’s work penetrates later than into western- European countries. This fact is due to the leopardian poetry sense complexity, as well as to the lack of familiar with Italian language translators and of formation italienists. In the present study, we propose to follow the road covered by Leopardi’s work in Bessarabia at the level of translations, as well as of scientific studies.

193-198

Authors: Dan VEREJANU

The author achieves a comparison between the poetry and poetic art of Lucian Blaga, as well as in the case of Grigore Vieru. It is pointed out some similarities regarding the theme and motive, like destiny, „perpetuity that was born in the village”, love as complex state (longing), dialogue with God, the spring and the dwell, the dream and the sleep, the light and the dark. The influence of Blaga is analyzed at stylistic as well as at the visionary levels. Grigore Vieru descends in the underground area of the human spirit, giving an expression to the abyssal, a term on which Blaga meditates in his philosophical masterpiece (especially in The Trilogy of culture). The author sees a deep impression of the Blaga model on Grigore Vieru’s aphorisms, gathered under the title Motion in infinity. The lyrical and philosophical speech is combined in an organic way, forming the lyrosophy.

205-210

Authors: Зоя ШВЕД

The article deals with the peculiarities of culture and religion in the interpretation of religious studies. The author considered the role of the religious factor in the process of formation of the ethno-religious genesis. Established are the provisions of the indivisibility of religious and socio-cultural factors in the functioning of national communities. The author argues that the ignoring of cultural and religious components in the process of understanding the phenomenon of national identity makes it impossible to imagine the entire idea of nations. It is proven that Judaism is the main criterion for identification of the Jew with the Jewish community in the terms of Orthodox Judaism. In this context, the concept of Jew and Judaism are synonymous.

218-223

Authors: Alesandru DUŢU

All three major wars attended Romania after forging modern nation state (1859) were carried coalition wars with or against the biggest powers of the world at that time. Despite the ideas sought to promote the image of ,,warrior” and „imperialist” Romanians, which would be prepared in the interwar period to attack their neighbors to kidnap territories, historical reality, based on documents, deeds and actions undeniable, reveals the truth that the only permissible war, in Romanian military doctrine as legitimate national interests, was the war to defend national unity, to defend territorial integrity. As a result, military conventions that initiated or which joined Romania had a defensive character, consistent with the principles of foreign policy and the international provisions. But, in the international arena, Romania was gradually isolated, especially after the division of spheres of interest in Eastern Europe between Germany and the Soviet Union. Since June 1940, Romania has not targeted goals annexation of the occupied territories which do not belong.

233-238

Authors: Людмила БУРМЕНКО

The social and political situation in MASSR in 1932-1934 when a company was held to find the class enemy during starvation us considered in this article. The author notes that the authorities, in such a way, tried to shift their responsibility for all the mistakes in socialist construction. A part of the intelligentsia being charged with sabotage at the cultural front occurred to be among «the enemies» of the MASSR.

3-7

Authors: Iraida CONDREA

Religious text constitutes the base of the writing culture in Romanian. Depending on the type of the work, religious texts published in the XIX century contribute to the discovery of some unprecedented lexico-syntactical peculiarities. The editions of religious books from that period can represent reprintings, adaptations, translations, but each of them is part of a specific thematic and stylistic area. Their language is characterized by terminological loans, adaptations, and interferences. The evaluation of this heritage enlarges and deepens the information referring to the stylistics of the religious texts and the religious discourse.

12-16

Authors: Claudia CEMÂRTAN

Religious text was, in the history of Romanian language, a model of writing and for texts from other stylistic registers, but, after the eighteenth, the church style become complementary to the secular, differing more than it's at all levels. Research of prints executed in a Romanian space broken from the national territories - in Exarchal Typography from Chisinau in nineteenth century, under the political and linguistic pressure of new Russian masters - can provide valuable data that characterize the language used in this era in celebration of religious services in Bessarabia.

21-24

Authors: Emilia OGLINDĂ

Different typology studies elucidate issues related of the linguistic universals, some of them points the functional-semantic categories as the modality, aspect or temporality, which denotes a universal feature. Ocurring in the process of language development, they underlay its structures, providing its functioning. The modality, aimed at revealing the attitude of the speaker toward the extra-lingvistic reality and toward the content of the message, has to be analysed multilaterally, within a typological framework. The mentioned category is difficult tom define, if we consider only its rendering means in a single idiom.This aspect requests the combination of intra- and inter-linguistic approaches, peculiarly when the modal significances are delimited.We will examine in this paper some of the typological aspects of modality, relates to its definition and classification.

33-37

Authors: Elena JUNGHIETU

Simulation is a phenomenon based on the reflection of the opposition between the real world and the imaginary, and simulated behavior assumed by the individual in a particular situation is determined by certain intentions thereof: creating a false impression about a reality, misleading the person concerned to get some material and social privileges, to impress or amuse someone. Simulating such situations is achieved through several types of behavior: hypocritical, affected flattering, fun, each having the addressee and its actual purpose.

43-46

Authors: Tatiana TREBEŞ

This article aims to present the premises of anthroponymy study from the pragmatic point of view, that imposes the redimensioning the semantic sphere of the term proper name/anthroponym, treated as a product of the nominative act. the extending of the semantic sphere of the term anthroponym due to the identification of new functional categories of the proper names.

51-58

Authors: Dorina ROTARI

L’«eminescianisme» de la création de Grigore Vieru se manifeste à la fois explicitement, par la présence des marques spécifiques à l’oeuvre du précurseur, et latent, ayant comme support les éléments de l’ «ontologie archaïque», illustrés par les deux auteurs. On peut parler d’un «eminescianisme» d’essence archétypique, le résultat de la réactivation poétique des «images primordiales» circonscrites à l’inconscient collectif, à la géographies mythologique et à la vision mythique (orphique), qui génèrent des similitudes ontopoétiques, créant l'impression de «retour» du précurseur.

64-82

Authors: Valentin TOMULEŢ

Based on published and unpublished archival sources, the author analyzes the Austrian statistics of 1788 and the Russian statistics of 1808, prepared during the occupation of the Romanian Principalities by the Russian armies, and ascertains that Hotin county, presented a great interest in geostrategic and geopolitical plans of Austria and Russia at the end of the eighteenth – beginning of the nineteenth century. The named statistics present a particular interest in the study of local history and demographic processes, although they can not claim to be absolutely exact, for several reasons, dictated both by objective and subjective factors. Despite this fact, their interest and importance is obvious. The presence of detailed statistics on the size, distribution and composition of the population was necessary for Austria and Russia in order to plan and implement economic, social and fiscal policies of development, in the territories annexed or under the sphere of influence of the two empires. Austrian Statistics of 1788 recorded in the Hotin county 179 localities, 66 – in the upper part of the county, and 113 – in the lower part; while the Russian one of 1808 – 173 localities, with a total of 15.111 families, or about 75.000 persons.

91-97

Authors: Eugen-Tudor SCLIFOS

The Bessarabian question again comes into attention of the Great Powers, after the Crimean War and the defeat of Russia against Franco-British coalition. Towards the end of 1855 on the recommendation of the Austrian Foreign Minister, Buol in the preliminary of the peace was included a clause, which stipulated that Russia must cede southern Bessarabia to the Principality of Moldova. The Russian diplomats were trying to obtain the support of France, which still does not have a well-defined point in the question of southern Bessarabia. The Foreign Minister of France, count Walewski showed moderation toward Russia, and supported the idea that Russia must keep Bessarabia. Its important the entry that Russian diplomats have appealed to an exchange of territories, Kars, who was part of the Ottoman Empire, against southern Bessarabia. Until the opening of the congress in Paris in 25 February 1856, has not reached a consensus in the question of southern Bessarabia, although was many discussions in this matter.

103-110

Authors: Alexandru MALACENCO

A short insight into the subject of this study highlights that in the period of the Second World War the activity of the USSR secret services, as a political power coercive tool, was governed by “the offensive or defensive phase of the Soviet troops. Establishment of the soviet NKGB – organization whose general objective was fighting state/Soviet regime enemies – occurred every time that Soviet army was to initiate offensive operations, aiming, of course, to “purify” the reconquered territory from hostile elements”. This was an inevitable phase in the territories (re)sovietisation. The history of the Second World War attests that in the territories were the Red Army stepped the communist regime was established. Grosso modo, during the War, aiming to liberate European countries, the USSR was operating with several armies in the battlefield: the Red Army that was fighting on the military front and the special troops that were battling on the invisible front. Thus, at the end of March 1944, the Red Army managed to force the front line over the Dniester River and to reoccupy the North Bessarabia. For a short period of time Soroca was settled up as the administrative capital of the Soviet Moldova. Together with Soviet troops, the USSR security structures also returned in the territory. National Commissariat for State Security – NKGB, was one of the first Soviet institutions that were based in Soroca. The head of the MSSR’ NKGB was nominated the Ukrainian national Iosif Mordoveț (1944-1955). His goal was to reorganize the security apparatus within the reoccupied Bessarabia territory, fact that determined the faith oh this region for more than half of century ahead.

119-127

Authors: Ilie GULICA

History teaching in secondary schools in Bessarabia, in the second half of XIXth century – beginning of XXth century, has the same lacks as the contents of teaching tools from West focused on cultivating patriotism. Although, a significant number of textbooks and history books of the Russian Empire were translations of works signed by German historians, history teacher laying an exaggerated emphasis on cultivating feelings of love and devotion for homeland, cultivating hatred against foreigners, especially against Poles, Swedes and Germans. Despite the promotion of the intuitive education, the only "method" of teaching and learning remains as before, with rare exceptions, the mechanical learning of lessons and by heart. Moreover, the responsible persons from education consign the lack of teaching skills of history teachers, being even the graduates of pedagogical higher education. Romanian students (pupils) from these educational institutions, especially at the history lessons, were subdued to a systematic campaign of humiliation and discrimination, highlighting the absence of their Latin origin in the classroom by Russian teachers and also in the history textbooks contents, either the German books.

132-136

Authors: Silvia SCUTARU

Luminătorul was the first ecclesiastical magazine in Romanian language from Tsarist Bessarabia this is a true publicist tribune for Bessarabian clergy. Besides Christian doctrine articles, poems were published with educational character. In doing so we will demonstrate that although the lyrics were not of a particular value of one art product, they still managed to approach Bessarabian reality. Poetic texts have played a variety of feelings, mostly desolated specific elucidated period. However we see limited capacity of verse writers who lacked clear and precise ideas about the meaning of a situation or circumstances. In contrast to them mention the poetic texts of young A. Mateevici, which often were anchored in reality. The investigation confirms the view that in addition to Christian themes, published poems in Luminătorul have tried to develop social and contesting atypical subjects but they had not spurred freedom of thought and did not stimulate the lexical skills of verse writers and readers. Using analysis method I have demonstrated that imperfections of poetic texts have not diminished their messages, but instead they provided Bessarabian Romanians a different value system. The investigation confirmed with certainty that theme and vision configurations of verse writers were influenced by omnipresent obscurantism in Bessarabia province successfully maintained by tsarist authorities. The study uses data collected and analyzed by the author based on 14 numbers of this publication.

03-09

Authors: Джанфранко ДЖИРАУДО

This article is proposing major steps aimed at restoring the fight against alcoholism in Russia since the eleventh century until the Soviet era. Data are made with reference to the methods of struggle against this phenomenon in Russia, as well as policy on alcohol and their monopoly, public procurement and taxation, Soviet propaganda campaigns (unsuccessfully) against alcohol abuse and attempts to promote weak drink.

18-27

Authors: Andrei PROHIN

During the XV-XVI c., in the Romanian Principalities has circulated a rich literature dedicated to prophetic dreams and visions. An important category of prophetical dreams, being presented in the Byzantine and South-Slavonic sources, was the monarchic dream that anticipated the birth, the political carrier or death of the sovereign. In the historical works, such dreams could represent means of criticising or legitimating the sovereign’s power. The tradition of prophetic dreams assigned to sovereigns was continued in the Romanian area, being centred on the figures of several princes of Moldova (Ştefan cel Mare, Alexandru Lăpuşneanu, Petru Şchiopul). In contrast with dreams, that occurred while sleeping, visions took place while awake and, according to the Slavonic manuscripts from the Romanian Principalities, revealed mainly issues of spiritual life.

35-42

Authors: Sergiu BACALOV

The boyars Varzari represented an old family of nobles of the Principality of Moldova. They played an important role in the history of the Carpathian-Dnistrian territory. A few inedite archival documents highlight new aspects concerning noble family Varzari in Ecaterinoslav and Herson regions.

61-72

Authors: Иван ДУМИНИКА

The article contains analyzes of works concerning the subject. Problems are discussed thematically. Thus, the author reflected the historiographical debates on the causes of migration of Bulgarians in the late 18th century, their further life order in the south of Malorussia and the territory between Prut and Dniestr. There are presented works which reflect the popular and military colonization of the region. Are allocated the views of historical schools on the participation of the Bulgarian volunteers in royal hussar regiments and active actions hed by them during the Russian-Turkish wars. Are also reflected discussions on socio-economic development of Bulgarian immigrants. Royal legislation on the issue of Bulgarians' attracting and relocating has become one of the research problems here. There are listed severe discussions regarding the question of the first attestation of the Bulgarians between Prut and Dniester. Author presents arguments of some researchers on the issue of periodization of the Bulgarians resettlement dating from the first settlements, as well as their starting points in the Bulgarian lands. Conclusions concern problems that are poorly or not at all represented in the historiography.

80-84

Authors: Igor BERCU

Late 18th century – beginning of the 19th century was marked by a broad confrontation of forces and interests of the Great Powers in southeastern Europe. An important role in these confrontations has played Ottoman Empire and Russian Empire. Russo-Turkish War of 1806-1812 ended with the signing of the Peace of Bucharest on May 16/28 1812. Following this treaty, the Eastern territory of Moldavia, called in Jassy the territory “beyond the Prut River” was annexed by the Tsarist Empire. The new administration has taken a number of measures which were aimed at strengthening the Tsarist administration in the new acquired territory. An important part of the annexed territory previously have belonged to the so-called Ottoman „re’âyâ”, i.e. territory administered directly by Istanbul which was set up in Moldavia during the late 15th century - beginning of the 18th century. Besides the major issues that had to settle the tsarist administration, there was the issue of status of the so-called pious Muslim properties that were established on the territory of the Ottoman administrative units throughout the centuries. The methods used were simple, but highly effective. Since almost entirely Muslim population left the territory after 1812, the mosques have been transformed to Orthodox churches with the approval of the high clergy and Tsarist civil authorities. On August 21, 1813 the Tsar’s Alexander I Decree established a new „Archdiocese of Chisinau and Hotin” which legalized turning mosques into Christian Orthodox churches, the latter being one of the main methods of imposing Russian spiritual dominance in Bessarabia.

102-104

Authors: Elena ARCUŞ-JANTOVAN

La situation géographique du Galaţi a joué un rôle très important pour établir et développer des liens, non seulement au niveau national, mais aussi au niveau international. Particulièrement compte tenu de son importance économique pendant le XVIIIe siècle, par Galaţi s'effectuait une grande partie du commerce dans le bas-Danube. Avec la signature du traité d'Andrinople se produit un développement du commerce et une prospérité plus évidente en 1837 quand Galaţi est déclaré un port franc. En examinant comment se passait le commerce dans cette ville, on peut remarquer les types de pièces de monnaie qui ont été utilisés dans le commerce, compte tenu de l'instabilité monétaire qui est maintenue au XIXe siècle, jusqu’en 1867, quand la monnaie nationale devient le „leur”. Des opérations commerciales sont effectuées très intensément au XVIIIe siècle. Les voyageurs étrangères. nous offrent une information particulièrement importante concernant ces opérations (Anthoine Antoine-Ignace de Saint-Joseph, W. Chzanovski, etc.). La monnaie turque, la piastre et le para ont servi comme monnaie de calcul. Les Archives diplomatiques du ministère d'Affaires étrangères à Paris contiennent des fonds avec la correspondance commerciale du Galaţi, d'où nous pouvons tirer quel genre de pièces de monnaie ont été utilisés dans l'expression de la valeur des marchandises, parce que les prix étaient exprime en unités françaises et étrangères. On est évident que quand se réglementaient les prix, ils étaient exprimés en piastres, florins, francs, livres, etc. Ce qui d'un point de vue révèle la complexité des liens commerciaux et d'un autre point, la spéculation a été facile a cause de tous les changements dans la circulation monétaire. En conclusion on peut dire qu'en analysant le commerce de Galaţi, on peut entendre la situation générale de la circulation monétaire des principautés roumaines.

110-116

Authors: Cristina GHERASIM

In the article, based on archive documents and published monographic studies, to treat the problem of assimilation of allergenic nobles by Bessarabian nobility, having as example the polish nobles. Being strategically, located Bessarabia was of particular interest in expansion policy of the Russian Empire. For these reasons, once the territory annexed, the tsarist searched to create a social base here to support and promote imperial policy. Besides granting various privileges to the native population, especially to the nobility, the imperial administration directed an intense colonization policy of the territory between Dniester and Prut and infiltration of Russian nobles or just simple clerks of Russian origin, coming from different parts such as Poland, Austria etc. among native nobility. As a result, during the XIXth century, alongside with local boyars in the confirmation of titles of nobility, at the commission created to this purpose, were registered representatives of allergenic nobility. Analysis of the files submitted by polish nobility revealed that their noble titles were confirmed after the presentation of a certificate certifying the applicant's noble affiliation by Assembly of Deputies of nobility from Podolia. There are as well cases of refusal of confirmation of titles to the polish nobility. After several attempts, titles were still not recognized though the Assembly of Deputies of nobility from Podolia has previously accepted it. Such is the case of Cernelevski family. In December 1802, the Assembly of Deputies of nobility from Podolia confirmed the title to Andronache Cernelevski as successor of Moldavian boyar but refused it to his heirs motivating by the fact of absence of documents testify their family ties. In this situation, the Cernelevskis requested to be accepted in the odnodvorets category from Bessarabia. So once the infiltration of the allergenic people among Bessarabian nobility accomplished, this led to changing ethnic composition, russification and denationalization of this social category.

124-129

Authors: Виктор САВЧЕНКО

L’article s’intéresse à la structure sociale et aux causes de l’émergence d’un mouvement anarchiste dans le gouverne¬ment de Bessarabie de l’Empire russe au commencement du ХХ siècle, à l’action de certains groupes d’anarchistes-communistes à Chisinau et à Akkerman (Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi). L’article insiste sur les liens étroits que les anarchistes de Moldova entretenaient avec leurs amis politiques d’Odessa, en évoquant les actes de terreur politique et économique qu’ils organisaient conjointement avec les anarchistes d’Odessa.

138-145

Authors: Gheorghe PALADE

This study analyses the issues related to the activity of the school committees created in Romania at the initiative of the C. Angelescu, the Minister of Education, by the Decree-law of July 1919. Their core objective was to mobilize efforts and the means of the rural and urban population with the aim to build schools. As a result of these committees activity and due to the financial aid provided by the government, the number of education institutions increased signifi¬cantly. Thus, the number of primary schools in Bessarabiadoubledfrom1383 in the year 1918 to 2628 in the year 1940. Besides building and maintaining schools, the school committees were responsible for ensuring schools with teaching supplies and books for pupils, which is confirmed by several official requests submitted tot he Casa Scoalelor Publishing house in this respect. The school committees and the teaching staff contributed a lot to the establishing of the obligatory primary education and ensuring school attendance among pupils. As compared to the rest of the Romanian provinces, this process was more difficult in Bessarabia, where people were illiterate and ignorant as a consequence of the tsarist regime. The school committees were entitled to apply fines to pupils who missed classes. The analyzed documents show that, in many cases, committees had to reduce the school fine due to the rural population’s difficult material circumstances that occurred especially during drought years. The school committees’ activities were more efficient during liberal governments form 1922-1926 and 1934-1937, as they were truly encouraged by the Ministry of education led by C. Angelescu. Building schools was promoted during public conferences, in cinemas, in public ceremonies of awarding medals for special merits. During the se years, the provisions of the law on the obligatory primary education were complied with very strictly. The increase of the number of schools in Bessarabia, the reduction of illiteracy, the forming of peoples’ love for school was also the merit of the school committees.

159-171

Authors: Людмила БУРМЕНКО

This article considers with some aspects of the mass repressions implementation of 1937-1938 in MASSR. The author analyses the NKVD operational orders № 00447 and 00487 which became formal justification for terror. The study presents actual materials which confirm the author’s opinion about intelligentsia position selectivity. Intelligentsia was treated by the government an unreliable social element and was per sued by it in the course of any punitive company. As a result, due to the totalitarian regime intellectuals regularly expended the number of repressed citizens.

177-186

Authors: Виталие БОЙКОВ

The history of region development is closely linked to the processes of formation of the Orthodox Church on the territory of modern Gagauzia. Today, few people in the region of ATU Gagauzia (Gagauz Yeri) classify themselves as atheists or members of religious denominations that are not related to Christianity. The vast majority of the population identify themselves, in varying degrees, as the followers of Christ’s teaching. On scientific and educational level, the importance of the historical role played by the orthodoxy in the fate of the Gagauz people is generally elucidated in modern historiography. However, the history of the evolution of the Orthodox Church on the territory of modern Gagauzia remains poorly studied and requires further research. This issue looks especially topical at the background of the ideological vacuum formed in the cultural life of the regional community after the collapse of the Soviet state and its official atheist policy. The article aims to outline the main range of issues within the chosen topic and to determine the extent of its relevance in our time.

193-198

Authors: Asadi NEJMAH

The state of Israel even prior to its establishment, faces, in daily life, terrorist organizations that want to destroy it. Terrorism and terrorist acts as implied from the original meaning of the word – fear, anxiety, terror, are meant to plant fear amongst the attacked public and bring about its demoralization and confusion, and disruption of routine life. Occasionally it is performed also as an act of revenge in a blood circle of violence. A substantial part of terrorism weapons is the extensive publicity its activity gains in public, through electronic and printed media. In terrorism, a blow to the “soft stomach” of the state (civilians) is performed, with the purpose of causing the state to give in to the demands of terrorism operators. In the basis of terrorism is also an objection to the basis of legitimacy of the ruling government, in that it is not capable of guarantying the safety of its citizens and maintain public order. This article presents the attitudes and ways of operation of terrorist organizations and how Western intelligence attempts to thwart, foil and prevent these organizations from casing for destruction and victims in human lives and state.

205-209

Authors: Angela POPA

Post-Marxist theory is an alternative approach to the classical Marxist theory of socio-political phenomena and proposes, theoretically, a revision of Marxist conceptual arsenal. Methodological, it extends the analytical spectrum with new borrowed methods from psychoanalysis, structuralism and poststructuralism. The promoters of Post-Marxism are interested in understanding and explaining the mechanisms of individual subjectivity formation and in revealing the identity differences in contemporary society.