Environment&Health (Dovkillia ta zdorovia)

10-16

Authors: BANDAZHEVSKYI Yu.I., DUBOVA N.F.

Objective: We determined the state of folate cycle and its link with thyroid system in the children of the Ukrainian Polissia after forest fires in the Chornobyl exclusion zone. Methods: Immunochemical, mathematical and statistical ones. Results: Blood homocysteine levels were statistically significantly higher in the subgroup of the children who were the carriers of the T risk allele of the MTHFR:С677Т genetic polymorphism living in Ivankovsky and Polessky regions than in the subgroup of the children without this allele. The examination of the children from the regions adjacent to the Chornobyl nuclear power plant allowed to identify in them the metabolic processes’ changes in the form of increased production of Нс due to the forest fires in the exclusion zone. Blood Hc levels were higher in the children from Ivankivskyi region examined after fires in the Chornobyl exclusion zone than in those from Poliskyi region examined before fires, including the majority of genetic subgroups, with the exception of the genetic subgroup which included cases of homozygous carriership of the T allele. Direct links between blood homocysteine and pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, homocysteine and triiodothyronine levels were detected in the group of the children from Ivankivskyi region who had higher blood homocysteine concentrations compared to the group of children from Polisskyi region. Сonclusions: It can be reasonably assumed that fires in the Chornobyl exclusion zone have a negative effect on the functioning of folate metabolism in a child’s organism.

21-26

Authors: МОСКВЯК Н.В.

Physical development is one of the leading health criteria that predetermine the necessity to perform population monitoring of the growth and formation processes in children. The purpose of the study was to determine the individual morphological indicators of 8 year old schoolchildren in Lviv, as well as to establish the differences between them and the anthropometric parameters of the children's population from urban agglomerations on the territory of other climatic-geographical zones of Ukraine and neighboring European states. Materials and methods. During 2015-2016 in accordance with the generally accepted methods of anthropometry, 2nd grade schoolchildren studying in municipal general education schools (GEEE) were surveyed. The study covered 459 children, among them 236 boys and 223 girls. The harmony of physical development was assessed by the value of the body mass index (BMI, Quetelet index, biomass index) as the ratio of body weight in kg to height in meters squared. In order to study the somatotype, the calculation of the proportionality index between the chest circumference and the body length according to M.V. Chernorutskyi was used. Results. On the basis of the conducted survey regression scales were developed for the evaluation of FD of 8 year old children. Among the surveyed urban 8 year old schoolchildren there is a predominance of a contingent of middle-height individuals; one third of children had a body length bigger or smaller than the specified range. Average values of BMI for children are in the range of 16.52 ± 0.42 kg / m² and 15.85 ± 0.38 kg / m² for boys and girls, respectively. A larger proportion of 8 year old schoolchildren (54.5%) have normosthenic built according to the proportionality index between the chest circumference and the body length. Comparison of BM and BL indicators of Lviv 8 year old schoolchildren with similar parameters of their peers in other countries (Poland, Belarus) indicates that there are no reliable differences. The established regularities indicate an increase in the anthropometric parameters of children in the southern and western regions in comparison with similar indicators of their peers living in the north, east and in the center of Ukraine. Conclusions. It is feasible to elaborate normative references of anthropometric parameters of children in accordance with the distribution of administrative units in the climatic-geographical zones and to take into account the active migration processes inherent in the present. The proposed normal reference ranges and the assessment of the level of FD in children should consist of 6 variants of regression scales or percentile charts and curves.

32-34

Authors: КОРОЛЬОВА Н.Д., ЧОРНА В.В., ГУМЕНЮК Н.І., АНГЕЛЬСЬКА В.Ю., ХЛЄСТОВА С.В.

This article includes questions about the usage of psychotropic and psychostimulant drugs by medical students during exams and its impact on the health of young generation. Objective: to analyze the characteristics of the impact of psychotropic and psychostimulant drugs on medical students of 2-6 course in Vinnytsia National Pirogov Memorial Medical University. Materials and methods: we have created a questionnaire which included 8 questions. With the help of what the survey was carried out. 358 people was involved in the survey, from which 55.1% (197) are female and 44.9% (161) are male. Results. It is worth noting that the usage of antidepressants have unequal prevalence among medical students in different courses of study.Among the students of the 2nd year, the students at least once used psychotropic drugs - 44.4%, at the third course - 63.6%, at the fourth - 36.2%, at the fifth - 50.2 %, on the 6th - 50.0%.The frequency of taking psychotropic drugs in time was: 50.0% of students used drugs before exams, 22% - after exams, 16.3% - constantly, 11.4% - "took like medical treatment ". Conclusion. Among the students we interviewed, 48% of people took nootropies, antidepressants, or a combination of them.The largest percent of consumers (63.6%) accounted for third-year students most of them was female (67%), sixth-year students (50.2%), with whom 71% were male.Probably it is connected with heavier mental pressure before testing at third and fifth courses and state exams at the 6 course.

41-46

Authors: MAKHNIUK V.M., HARKAVYI S.I., STYRTA Z.V., HARKAVYI S.S.

Objective: We performed the ecohygienic assessment of the impact of the activity of the enterprises for the production of asphalt concrete on the state of the environment with regard to the latest domestic legislation and the requirements of the EU Directives. Materials and methods: We used bibliosemantic, analytical methods and method of sanitary-and-epidemiological examination of design materials in the study. Results: The design materials of domestic asphalt concrete enterprises with the introduction of modern eco-preservingtechnology for the production of asphalt concrete, dust-cleaning systems and use of finished bitumen (products of oil refining) have been analyzed in this article. According to the results of the sanitary-and-epidemiological examination of design materials, it was established that the use of the effective system of dust-gas purification, the use of finished imported bitumen in the production ensured an observance of the maximum allowable concentrations of the pollutants in the ambient air at the boundary of the normative and designed sanitary-and-protective zones (SPZ). Conclusion: By the results of the analysis of design forms and records, it can be predicted that the asphalt concrete production with the use of modern technologies will ensure a compliance with the domestic sanitary legislation and Directive 2008/50 / EU of the European Parliament and the Council "On the ambient air quality and the cleaner air for Europe", May 21, 2008.

53-59

Authors: ЧЕРНИЧЕНКО І.О., БАЛЕНКО Н.В, ЛИТВИЧЕНКО О.М., БАБІЙ В.Ф., ГЛАВАЧЕК Д.О., КОНДРАТЕНКО О.Є.

Background: Nowadays, breast cancer is the most common hormone-dependent cancer among women worldwide. Etiology of breast cancer is multifactorial. The environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including persistent organochlorine pollutants, are one of supposed factors for the increase of the incidence of breast cancer. Objective: We analyzed the literary data concerning the role of some persistent organochlorine chemicals such as DDT, dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls in breast cancer formation. Results: The analysis of the epidemiological studies, despite their small number, demonstrates clearly the relationship of the exposure of studied endocrine disruptors with an increased risk of breast cancer in women. It has been established that exposure of EDCs during critical time periods (in utero, neonatal and pubertal), when hormones affect cell differentiation and tissue development, can disrupt the development of breast tissues and lead to the appearance of breast cancer in adult women. The results of the analysis confirm the relevance of the problem and the need in further research and solution of the issues of the population’s protection from the harmful effects of endocrine disruptors.

65-69

Authors: ТРОНЬКО М.Д., КРАВЧЕНКО В.І.

The review article considers the most important issues of mass group and individual prevention of iodine-related diseases. As the main means of mass iodine prophylaxis, the use of food iodized salt is recommended. The issues of safety of mass iodine prophylaxis and possible negative consequences of excessive iodine use due to inadequate prevention are considered. The efficiency of mass iodine prophylaxis by universal iodization of food salt is emphasized. The conclusion is made on the need for a legislative solution to the prevention of iodine-dependent diseases in Ukraine.

74-79

Authors: ЯВОРОВСЬКИЙ О.П., ПАУСТОВСЬКИЙ Ю.О., НІКІТЮК О.А., ШЕВЦОВА В.М., ЗЕНКІНА В.І., ГОНЧАРУК Г.О., ШКУРКО Г.А., СОЛОХА Н.В., БРУХНО Р.П., ЗІНЧЕНКО Т.А., МАРЧЕНКО М.Л., КУЮН Л.А., ГОЛУБЧИКОВА Т.В.

ThearticlecontainscoveredtheDepartmentofOccupationalHealthandOccupationalDiseasesdevelopmentperiodfromthe time of its foundation (1923) until today. During that period, the heads of the chair were A.M. Shevchenko (1972-1993) and A.P. Yavorovsky (from 1993 to the present day). Attention is focused on the changes in the educational activity and training of the staff of preventive doctors in the last twenty years have been characterized, especially those that are conditioned by the reform of the sanitary epidemiological service and the inclusion in the curricula and programs of new disciplines - "Life Safety, Bases of Bioethics and Biosafety", "Occupational Health and safety in the healthcare sector».

10-16

Authors: ТКАЧИШИН A.В.

Objective: to determine lipid panel indices in patients with essential hypertension (EH), complicated with hemorrhagic stroke (HS), after an early recovery period; to establish a formula for calculating the dose of rosuvastatin for such patients and to assess the safety profile of its treatment in 3 months after the starting date of 1-month treatment period. Materials and methods. There were formed 2 groups of people: 107 persons (56 women and 51 men, average (M±σ) age – 54,0±9,5 years) were involved in the main group, who have undergone HS as a complication of EH 6 months and more previously; the comparison group comprised 104 persons (54 women and 50 men, middle age 53,7±8,9 years old) with EH. They were matched groups according to key indicators. All the above-mentioned people underwent blood analysis on lipid panel indices. Results. Lipid panel indices in the main and control group (M±σ) were the following ones, respectively: total cholesterol 5,998±1,326 vs. 6,027±1,103 mmol/l; triglycerides 1,422±0,775 vs. 1,975±1,136 mmol/l; low density lipoprotein 4,196±1,021 vs. 4,301±0,884 mmol/l; very low density lipoprotein 0,619±0,356 vs. 0,719±0,268 mmol/l; high density lipoprotein 1,418±0,301 vs. 1,318±0,252 mmol/l, the difference is significant (p<0,05); the atherogenicity coefficient of 3,438±1,008 vs. 3,616±0,898. Conclusions. Patients with EH, who have suffered HS more than 6 months before and have recovered up to 50-100 points according to Barthel scale, compared with patients with EH stage II, have similar mean values of lipid panel indices, with the exception of high density lipoprotein index, which is bigger in patients with former cerebrovascular injury. A formula for selecting dosage of rosuvastatin has been developed to obtain the resulting low density lipoprotein level in the range of 2,198-2,500 mmol/l for the treatment after 6 months period from the incidence case of HS. It was determined that in the next 3 months period in case of rosuvastatin treatment of persons with former HS during the one-month period, there are no adverse effects in the form of further complications of HS.

23-28

Authors: ДЕПУТАТ Ю.М., ГУЛІЧ М.П.

Objective: We studied the organization of food supply for military personnel of the Ukrainian Armed Forces (UAF) by the common for all arms norm №1 in a zone of Joint Forces Operation (ATO) in 2017 – 2018 in comparison with 2015 – 2016. Methods: We performed a sociological questioning of the UAF military personnel in JFO zone (Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts) regarding the evaluation of organization and quality of food. 287 servicemen took part in the questioning in 2015-2016; 150 servicemen – in 2017-2018. We studied the quality of food intake components, keeping to a diet; evaluated the government nutrition system in a whole; and studied the priorities of wishes for nutrition improvement. Sociological, hygienic, and statistical methods were applied. We carried out a comparison of the organization of nutrition for military personnel in the JFO (ATO) zone in 2016–2016 and 2017–2018. Results: In 2017-2018 in comparison with 2015-2016, 38.9% of the respondents noted the positive shifts in the organization of the nutrition for military personnel in the east of Ukraine; about 50.5% of the respondents noted the absence of changes; about 10.6% of the respondents informed about a deterioration of nutrition. The respondents noted a number of significant shortcomings: irregular nutrition, inopportune preparation and delivery of food, food sameness, fast onset of hunger sensation. They expressed wishes for the improvement of food intake. Conclusion: The obtained results indicate a necessity for further improvement of the organization of food supply for military personnel of the Ukrainian Arm Forces in JFO zone by introduction and guarantee of all measures developed by the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, as well as a strict monitoring of these activities.

33-37

Authors: STORCHYLO O.V.

The low doses of irradiation cause a destructive effect not only on the organism but also on the subsequent generations of its offspring Objective: We determined the mechanisms of in vivo radioprotective and radiocorrective effects of dietary phytoadditive of milled milk thistle fruits on the systems of hydrolysis and transport of carbohydrates of various degrees of polymerization in a small intestine of the offspring of one-time irradiated male rats. Materials and methods: A single exposure of male rats was performed with a help of teletherapy gamma-apparatus "AGAT-R-1". A dose rate was 120 rad/min, a field - 20×20, a distance from the source of irradiation to the field - 75 cm, a dose - 0.5 Gy, an exposure time - 32 sec. Accumulating mucosa preparation (AMP) was produced by the Ugolev method [9]. AMP was incubated for an hour at t=37ºC in oxygenated medium. The solutions of 10 mmol/l of glucose or 5 mmol/l of maltose, made on the Ringer solution with pH 7.4, were used as an incubation medium. 3 drops of rabbit bile were added for emulsification into all media. Concentration of glucose was established by the colorimetric method with the help of photoelectrocolorimeter – CFC-2МP, λ= 625 nm. We assessed the activity of the transport of free and M-glucose in the AMP of the offspring of irradiated male rats under various conditions of the use of milk thistle by the parents. Results: The dietary additive of milled fruits of milk thistle causes a stimulation of the transport both free and M-glucose (1.6-fold in relation to the intact groups in both cases) in the offspring of irradiated male rats that got the thistle before irradiation and intact female rats (radioprotective effect), and respectively 2.7-fold and 2.8-fold in the offspring of irradiated hungry male rats through female rats that were consuming the thistle during lactation (radiocorrective effect). Conclusions: The dietary additive of milled fruits of milk thistle causes the radioprotective and radiocorrective effects in the offspring of the first generation of irradiated males. Realization of both effects has the gender features: radioprotective effect is realized through irradiated fed male rats that got thistle before irradiation and intact female rats but radiocorrective effect is realized in the offspring of irradiated hungry male rats through female rats that were consuming the thistle during lactation.

45-50

Authors: МАЛИШЕВСЬКА О. С., ГАРКАВИЙ С. І.

Objective: We conducted ecological-and-hygienic assessment of the building materials made of cement compositions filled with recycled polymer waste. Materials and methods: We used building materials made of cement-sand compositions filled with mechanically recycled polymer waste. The data of the instrumental research were obtained by the specialists and with the equipment of the Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast Laboratory Centre, MPHU for the research work N 0117U004237 under field conditions at the certified laboratory centres of Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University. Those data determined the impact of various aggressive media on the chemical destruction of the cement compositions filled with polymers. The investigations were carried out with the application of PET waste, PCH, and PE + PP mixtures; slag Portland cement; washed sand; device for mechanical activation of polymer waste; homo-mixer; laboratory balance; chemical reagents, and equipment for titration. The calculations were carried out according to SanNR 2.03.11-85 “Protection of building structures from corrosion”, SSU 4079-2001 “Determination of total chloride content”. The preparation of the cement-sand mixture and the study of physical-and-mechanical properties of the samples were made according to the standards EN 12390-5 and EN 206-1. Results and discussion: The results of the research showed that the smallest amount of the destruction products was extracted from the samples filled with PET (from 2% to 8% of the total weight of the filler) when there was a sharp decrease in the mass loss in samples due to the washing of CaO under conditions of carbon dioxide and extensible corrosion and as well as in rain and distilled water. Acceleration of the destruction of studied sample was noted in the magnesian medium; with PVC from 2% to 6%, there is a sharp decrease in the mass loss of the samples under conditions of all simulated corrosive media, as well as in rain and distilled water; with PE + PP mixture, from 0.25% to 1.25%, under conditions of all simulated aggressive media and in rain and distilled water. In our opinion, an increase in the stability of samples of cement compositions, filled with recycled polymers in aggressive media, is due to the formation of more dense structure with a large amount of low basic calcium hydrosilicates and solid solutions of hydroalumosilicate composition. Conclusions and prospects: Hygienic investigations have shown that the product of destruction of the samples of cement-sand compositions, filled with polymers, is a mixture of inorganic amorphous sediment, its main mass consists of CaO, Ca (OH)2, Ca (НСО3)2 from 97.4 % to 98.2 % of the total mass sediment, Mg (OH)2, Al2 (OH)3. Formed products of destruction are non-toxic insoluble or slightly soluble simple inorganic compounds that do not affect adversely the environment and human being. A study of the impact of the destruction products’ formation in the aggressive media of the surfactants, applied on the surface of polymer fillers to improve their adhesion to the components of the cement matrix, will be the main direction of the subsequent research.

56-60

Authors: СЕВАЛЬНЄВ А.І., ВОЛКОВА Ю.В.

The aim of the work is a hygienic estimation of the air pollution condition by fine suspended particular mater (PM10 and PM4) in the city of Zaporozhye. Materials and methods. The measurements of fine suspended particular mater PM10 and PM4 have been carried out since 2012 to 2017 years in the atmospheric air of Zaporozhye. It was used the KANOMAX-3521 aerosol analyzer for measurements. The data processing was performed with the statistical package of the licensed program “STATISTICA® for Windows 13.0” (StatSoft Inc., No. JPZ8041382130FRCN10-J) and the “Microsoft Excel” program. Results. It has been established that PM10 concentrations in the air of Zaporozhye exceed the recommended levels by the WHO guidelines for air quality. The average concentrations of РМ10 in the city - 0.14 ± 0.002 mg / m3, РМ4 - 0.07 ± 0.001 mg / m3, the concentration of РМ10 is 1.2 times higher (p<0.05) in the Voznesenovsky district. In the experimental areas, the concentration of PM10 is 1.08-1.9 times significantly higher (p <0.001) than in the control area. Maximal index of concentration was recorded in August (seasonality coefficient 1.8-1.83). It was established a strong inverse correlation between the relative humidity of the air and the concentration of PM10 (r = – 0.85) and PM4 (r = – 0.83) and the statistically significant difference between the concentrations of these substances in the evening and in the morning hours of the day (p <0.001). The results of the research indicate the necessity to organize the continuous monitoring of the fine suspended particular mater content in the air and the creation of a hygienic regulatory document for the PM.

69-74

Authors: АРУСТАМЯН О.М., ТКАЧИШИН В.С., КОНДРАТЮК В.Є., АЛЕКСІЙЧУК О.Ю.

The concept of the excessive physical activity in the sports of the highest achievements involves the presence of excessive load which significantly exceeds the individual physical capabilities of a man. Trauma, over-strain of individual organs and systems, fatigue are the main pathogenetic link in the development of the diseases in the athletes. Professional sport is a prerequisite for the development of injuries and various diseases. In general the athletes, engaged in running, skiing, cycling, swimming, and rowing, belong to the risk groups of cardiovascular diseases which work under conditions of high aerobic loads. Gymnasts, volleyball and football players, weightlifters, throwers, acrobats suffer from the overload of locomotorium. An unfavorable prognosis of the onset of diseases is also associated with the intake of pharmacological agents prohibited in sports. Directions of the preventive measures for the prevention of the diseases and injuries in sports include a complex of legal-and-organizational, methodological, sanitary-and-hygienic, socio-economic, therapeutic-and-preventive, and sports-pedagogical measures. The general directions of preventive measures include the primary prevention (at the individual level): the medical observation, protective equipment, rational nutrition, effective warm-up, etc.; secondary prevention (at the group level) - improvement of rules, agreements, information, education; tertiary prevention - social planning, legislation, economic investments. The effectiveness of the measures depends on a number of the factors of the organization of sports training, competitions, and health and functional possibilities of the athletes as well.

10-15

Authors: БУЗИННИЙ М.Г., МИХАЙЛОВА Л.Л.

The treatment methods for the removal of radon from drinking water were analyzed according to the materials of the final report of TENAWA European project. A need for the project was caused by the fact that in many countries the majority of the available groundwater resources contained a significant amount of natural radionuclides, radon in particular. We considered the results of laboratory and field investigations on the possibility of the use of various equipment and methods for the removal of radon from drinking water for individual and collective water pipes in Ukraine. Objective: We analyzed the effectiveness of various methods for the removal of radon from drinking artesian water under conditions of individual and collective water use. We assessed a possibility of the application of the methods in Ukraine and ascertained the practical aspects for their implementation. Materials and methods: We analyzed the final report of TENAWA European project on the treatment of artesian drinking water from radon. We studied the ways for the construction of the systems for the treatment of drinking water from radon using the processes of aeration or filtration on the granular activated carbon, the results of their tests, the effectiveness, the improvement of the quality of water from subsurface and underground sources for radon content. In our investigations we applied bibliographic, analytical, physical-and-chemical, sanitary-and-hygienic methods, and method of expert evaluation.

20-24

Authors: ЛОТОЦЬКА О.В., ПРОКОПОВ В.О.

Objectives: We calculated the risk ratio and assessed the risk of impact of drinking water with an increased content of nitrates on the health of the population in various regions of the Ternopil oblast. Materials and methods: We used the results of the monitoring of the compliance with the standards of drinking water quality indicators from decentralized sources by sanitary and chemical indicators in the Ternopil oblast obtained at the State Institution "Ternopil Regional Laboratory Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine". We used the data from the Information and Analytical Center for Medical Statistics in the Ternopil Oblast for 2010 and 2016 years. To achieve this goal, we applied hygienic, analytical, and statistical research methods. Results: There is a clear tendency to a significant number of deviations by sanitary and chemical indicators of water quality in nitrate content in the south and south-eastern parts of the Ternopil oblast. The assessment of the risk factor of the consumption of drinking water, contaminated with nitrates, in the Borshchevskyi, Zalishchytskyi and Chortkivskyi regions indicates a risk of the increase of non-infectious morbidity, especially for sensitive groups of the population. The results of the calculation of non-carcinogenic risk at the intake of nitrates with drinking water up to 2 MPCs showed that the quantity of the risk in all regions complied with the average risk and grew with an increase of their concentration in water. The probability of the development of the hazardous effects for the children is higher in all regions where consuming water has the same content of nitrates, the higher HQ indices indicate it. The high risk of the adverse effects in the most children is possible at the content of nitrates of 3-7 and more MACs in two regions of the Ternopil oblast – the Borshchevskyi and Zalishchytskyi ones. Estimation of the population health of the population in these regions with the help of demographic indicators showed that recent years mortality exceeds the birth rate. Conclusions. Thus, negative tendencies are noted in the health status of the population of the Ternopil region. In connection with this, it is necessary to develop and carry out urgent measures to prevent further contamination of underground sources of drinking water with nitrates and to prevent its negative impact on the health of the population.

32-36

Authors: ЛЮБАРЕЦЬ C.Ф., АНТОМОНОВ М.Ю.

The hard dental tissue lesions, enamel hypoplasia in particular, represent a significant problem within the broad range of dental pathologies. The most common hypoplasia complication is dental caries. Study objective: to increase the efficiency of predicting caries as a complication in children with permanent teeth enamel hypoplasia based on regression analysis taking into account the influence of negative environmental factors. Materials and methods. The study object is enamel hypoplasia and carious lesions of permanent teeth. The study subject is the clinical and biochemical characteristics of hard dental tissues. Results. The prevalence of enamel hypoplasia of permanent teeth and its complications in 2024 children - residents of five regions of Ukraine referred to various health groups were analyzed. The prevalence of dental caries as a complication of systemic enamel hypoplasia (SEH) was analyzed depending on the respondents age, health group and harmful environmental factors, ionizing radiation in particular. In order to study the influence of various factors on the dental caries as a complication of SEH, a regression analysis was applied, the model was adequate (F = 83.35, p < 0.001). Hygienic oral pattern makes the most important contribution to the development of dental caries (Green-Vermillion index = 39.10 %). Conclusions. 1. Based on the selected criteria of hygienic oral pattern (Green-Vermillion index) and teeth enamel resistance (enamel resistance test, phosphate content in intact enamel and oral fluid), a regression linear model was created to predict the probability of caries as a complication in children of different age groups with permanent teeth enamel hypoplasia. 2. The created regression linear model can be recommended for implementation in the practice of medical institutions of Ukraine to optimize the dental monitoring in children of different age groups including the inhabitants of territories contaminated with radionuclides after the Chornobyl accident.

40-47

Authors: ПРИКАЩИКОВА К.Є., КАПУСТИНСЬКА О.А., ЯРОШЕНКО Ж.С., КОСТЮК Г.В., ЛУК’ЯНЮК В.О., СИРОВЕНКО В.І., ОЛЕПІР О.В., РОМАНЕНКО Н.Т., ПОЛЯНСЬКА В.М.

Objective: We studied the features of the development of non-tumoral thyroid gland diseases in the residents of radioactive-contaminated territories (RCT) aged 0-60 years and the evacuees from the 30-km zone of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant aged 18-60 years at the date of the catastrophe for 1988-2016. Materials and methods: The database of the State Register of Ukraine (SRU) of the persons suffered from the ionizing radiation at the Chernobyl accident (98,902 residents of radioactive-contaminated territories and 63,146 persons evacuated from the 30-km zone of the Chernobyl NPP) was a source of information. We used the epidemiological research methods. For the period of the observation we assessed the features of the manifestations of non-tumoral thyroid gland diseases and their separate groups. Calculations of the indicators were carried out with the help of EXEL-2013 packages. Results: During thirty-years’epidemiological study of the structure of the diseases of endocrine system, digestive disorders, and metabolic disorders, the non-tumoral thyroid gland diseases (93.21% in RCT residents and 73.00% in the adult evacuees) were at the first place. Irrespective of gender and age, the group of diseases "other forms of non-toxic goiter (E04)" has the highest percentage among thyroid gland diseases in the total cohorts of the victims (87.09% in the residents of the RCT and 16% in the evacuees), the group of "thyroiditis (E06)" is at the second place in the structure, the group of "thyrotoxicosis (hyperthyroidism (E05) has the smallest proportion. The dependence of the development of thyroid gland diseases on the age of the suffered was determined: the structure of nosological forms was rapidly aggravated by the number of severe forms of diseases of the groups of "thyrotoxicosis (hyperthyreosis) (E05)" and "thyroiditis (E06)" in men and women with the age, but simultaneously a decrease of the group of the diseases "other forms of non-toxic goiter (E04)” was observed. Dependence of the structure of thyroid gland diseases on the gender of the patients was established. Among the inhabitants of the RCT, irrespective of their age, "other forms of nontoxic goiter (E04)" prevail among men, the "thyrotoxicosis (E05)" and "thyroiditis (E06)" groups prevail in women with the increase of the age. Among the evacuees there is an insignificance predominance of all forms of thyroid gland diseases in women in comparison with men, except "thyrotoxicosis (E05)" and "other forms of non-toxic goiter (E04)”. Conclusions: 1. Identification and assessment of the incidence of thyroid gland diseases in the residents of the RCT and the evacuees from the 30-kilometer zone of the Chernobyl NPP are of great importance among the effects-consequences of the Chernobyl accident: the rapid beginning of them in the younger age categories (child’s, young), the increase of the age of the victims, and the transition of light nosological forms into severe ones can lead to invalidism and disability of the patient (average age 47.5 years). 2. On the basis of performed analysis of non-tumoral thyroid gland diseases among the residents of RCT and the evacuees for the improvement of life quality and health of the suffered from the Chernobyl accident, we recommend to perform the dynamic monitoring of the patients at the primary level, to perform the explanatory work for the prevention of thyroid gland disease, and to adhere to the treatment protocols.

53-58

Authors: ЄЛЬЦОВА Л.Б., ОМЕЛЬЧУК С.Т., АЛЕКСІЙЧУК В.Д., ПЕТРОСЯН А.А.

Objectives: We estimated the frequency of the consumption of the food of vegetable origin in the food intake of the university students for the prevention of hypovitaminosis and hypomicroelementosis states. Materials and methods: The authors surveyed the students of the 2nd, 4th and 6th study years at O. Bohomolets National Medical University, using the questionnaire, and analyzed the obtained data on the medical students’ food intakes. The study included the data of 858 respondents (570 females and 288 males) aged 18-25 years. Results: The study represents the results of the estimation of the consumption of food of vegetable origin in the food intake of medical students. The consumption frequency of mentioned products was estimated according to the following grading: consumption once a day or more often, almost every day, once a week, some times a week, once or several times a month, rarely or never. The consumption frequency of such traditional for Ukrainians vegetables, as beet, carrot, cabbage and greenery was estimated. Taking into account national cuisine traditions, consumption of potatoes was assessed separately. Study of the consumption of fruit and berries, bread and bakery products, sweet products (sugar, jam, and honey), cereals, and pasta was performed as well. Conclusions: Only one third of the female respondents and 15% - 25% of the male ones consume vegetables every day. From 17% (the 2nd year of study) to 25% of the female respondents (the 6thyear of study) and one third of the male respondents, irrespective of the year of study, consume potatoes every day. Up to 40% of the male and 31% of the female respondents consume fruit daily. Bread and bakery products are consumed by up to 40% of the male and 30% of the female respondents daily. Cereals and pasta are consumed by almost 30% of the male and 15-19% of the female respondents every day or almost every day. One third of the male respondents and only 10-12% of the female ones consume sweet products (sugar, jam, honey) daily. In general, 70% of the students’ food intakes don’t comply with the National Guidelines on Nutrition.

8-15

Authors: БАЛЕНКО Н.В., ГРИГОРЕНКО Л.Є., ДУМАНСЬКИЙ Ю.Д., СОВЕРТКОВА Л.С., СЕРДЮК Є.А.

Objective: We studied the immunological effects of the exposure of endogenic nitrosamines and their precursors jointly with the electromagnetic field of industrial frequency (50 Hz). Materials and methods: The experiment was performed in 160 white outbred female rats aged 6-8 weeks divided into 4 groups: 1- intact control; 2 -introduction of the precursors of nitrosamines (sodium nitrite - 100 mg/kg, tetracycline - 20 mg/kg); 3 - irradiation with magnetic field of 50 Hz, 90μT; 4 – introduction of the precursors of nitrosamines and irradiation with magnetic field of 50 Hz. The precursors were introduced once a day, 5 days a week during 3 months. Magnetic field irradiation was carried out for 7 hours daily at the same terms in specially equipped chambers. Endogenic synthesis of nitrosamines was controlled by means of their determination in liver and kidneys. Immune system state was assessed in 1 and 3 months after exposure to studied factors with the help of the complex of the tests: determination of the number of leucocytes and their qualitative composition, a number of T- and B-lymphocytes; reactions of phagocytosis, degranulation of basophiles (after Shelly), inhibition of macrophage spreading. Obtained findings were analyzed statistically with the help of Student’s ratio. Results: The more profound changes in the immune system under joint effect of endogenically formed nitrosamines, their precursors and magnetic field of industrial frequency were established in comparison with the isolated action of these factors. These changes were manifested in a stable suppression of T- and B- cell chains, expansion of their spectrum due to the activation of unspecific factors and development of mildly expressed reactions of autosensibilization and sensibilization, hypersensitivity of delayed type. The cell chain of the immunity was the earliest sensitive one to the effect of studied factors, suppression of the immunity was revealed in a month and was stable for 3 months during the whole experiment. The correlation, previously established by us, between the levels of early suppression of T-lymphocytes and genotoxic effect, both at isolated and joint factors’ effect, was confirmed. The maximum decrease of the level of suppression was noted under joint effect of the factors and complied with the maximum frequency of micronuclei in a bone marrow. The less expressed suppression was observed under isolated effect of the factors and accompanied by the lower level of the frequency of micronuclei. These results demonstrate the possibility of the use of the complex of early parameters of immunosuppression and genotoxicity as the early criteria for the prognostication of the hazard of the effect of the industrial frequency magnetic field and chemical carcinogens of nitrosamine class. Conclusion: The increase of the suppression of T-cell chain of the immunity and genotoxic effect was established under joint exposure of the levels of endogenic nitrosamines, forming at the introduction of the precursors of their synthesis (sodium nitrite, 100 mg/kg; tetracycline, 20 mg/kg) and magnetic fields of the industrial frequency (50 Hz, 90μT; ), in comparison with isolated effect, which indicates a larger potential oncogenic hazard of joint effect of chemical carcinogenic nitrosamines and magnetic field.

22-26

Authors: ЗОРІНА О.В.

Objectives: We scientifically substantiated and developed the basic criteria for the assessment and algorithm of the decision-making for informing of the consumers about quality of drinking water and state of drinking water supply, based on the requirements of European legislation. Materials and methods: We analyzed European and Ukrainian normative documents on the quality of drinking water and the need for informing of the consumers and evaluated the questionnaire survey of the population on the quality of tap water (658 questionnaires) in different settlements of Ukraine. We used bibliographic, sociological (questioning), sanitary-and-hygienic methods and method of expert assessment. Results: This paper is the first to unify and to show schematically the algorithms of the procedure of customer informing about the quality of drinking water and the state of drinking water supply according to the requirements of Directive 98/83/EU on drinking water quality for human consumption in order to establish the customer information mechanism and to prevent the use of water sources without quality control. First in the country, we proposed to introduce the unified forms for informing of the customers of drinking water and defined the conditions of informing. Criteria for drinking water quality assessment in case of the over-standard content of “indicator parameters” were developed.

33-39

Authors: КАРТАШОВА С.С., КАНЕВА Т.В., ОМЕЛЬЧЕНКО Е.М., ПОЛЬКА О.О.

Background: By the level of mortality of the external causes, Ukraine passes ahead of the countries of the European Union more than twice. The role of the external causes in our state is underestimated and insufficiently taken into account in the determination of the priorities of the policy directed to the reduction of the mortality and the increase of lifetime. Objective: We determined the demographic and socio-economic losses of the state through external causes of death (ICD-10: V01-Y98), including their individual nosologies (ICD-10: X45, V01-V99, X60-X84). Materials and methods: The data of the system of national accounts, forms of state statistical records: f. P-8 "Distribution of the deceased by sex, age groups, and causes of death" and f. A-1 - "General results of natural movement" and on the significance of the NBU discount rate of the Ministry of Finance were used as the sources of primary information. Results and conclusions: According to the classical structure of mortality, the external causes occupy the third ranked position after diseases of circulatory system and neoplasms while by the parameter of the YPLL (Years of Potential Life Lost) - the second one, and at this time their share increased 3.7 times. The latter is because the average age of the dead of the external causes is smaller by a factor of 1.9 than those who died of the circulatory system diseases. Among all external causes of death, special attention should be given to the accidents, the accidental poisoning, and the effects of alcohol, suicides: their share among external causes is ≈ 50%. At the analysis and assessment of the structural changes in the class of the external causes, an increase in the share of suicides in 2009-2016 was detected among both the female (by 42.2 ± 1.2%) and the male one (by 37.1 ± 0.8%) population. Performed ranking of the regions of the state in terms of relative risk established the territories of increased risk both for all external causes of death and individual nosologies (accidents, suicides, accidental poisoning and the effects of alcohol). Reduction of the risk of death of those causes to the average state would save about 7 thousand persons while the lost profit of the state would exceed 14 billion UAH only in 2015 – 2016.

45-59

Authors: ТУРОС О.І., ПЕТРОСЯН А.А., МАРЕМУХА Т.П., МОРГУЛЬОВА В.В.

Objective: We analyzed the levels of the risk for the health of the population, living in a zone of the impact of thermal power objects at the substantiation of the sizes of sanitary-and-protective zones. Materials and methods: For the study we chose the coal-fired thermal power plant in the Kiev oblast. Determination of the control points depended on the meteorological and topographic peculiarities of the studied territory that affected the character of the spatial dissemination of the pollutants in ambient air on the boundary of residential building (at the distances from 400 to 11000 m).For the calculation of averaged concentrations (annual, monthly, daily) we used the ISC-AERMOD software complex. The calculation of risk criteria was carried out according to adopted procedure of risk assessment, recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency and the World Health Organization. Results: The inhomogenity of the spatial pollution of ambient air of the TEP on the boundary of residential building from the emissions of the foreground pollutants (sulfur dioxide; nitrogen dioxide; carbon oxide; dust, undifferentiated by the composition (DUC); PM 10) is demonstrated. The levels of non-carcinogenic risk for the health of the population (at daily exposure) were established to be exceeded only for dust, undifferentiated by the composition (DUC) and PM 10 (HQ=1.1÷2.5). Additional calculations of the levels of the individual risk of the death of PM10 were performed. Those levels fluctuated at studied territories: IRМ = 3,6×10-5 ÷ 7,7×10-4 and were inadmissible for the residence of the population in 17 control points. Obtained results confirm a necessity for the monitoring investigations for PM10 and PM 2.5 in atmospheric surface layer in a zone of the impact of TPP in order to develop the environmental protective and preventive measures at the substantiation of the sizes of sanitary-and-protective zones. Сonclusions: Performed investigations prove “a hypothesis” on the correlation between long (chronic) exposure of the population with fine dust at spatial dissemination for long distances (over 4000 m) and probability of additional mortality. It requires the substantiation at the determination of sanitary-and-protective zones for thermal power objects, taking into account a specificity of spatial dissemination of the pollutants in the atmospheric surface layer, stipulated by the meteorological and topographic peculiarities of studied territory.As to the planning of measures for the reduction of risk levels in this case, they should be based on the results of more thorough evaluation of different aspects of existing problems and determination of the degree of their priority on the basis of the "benefit-harm" analysis.

56-62

Authors: ФРИЗЮК М.А., АКСЬОНОВ М.В, ФЕДОРЕНКО О.В, СЛІНЧЕНКО В.А., ЧУЧУПАЛ І.І.

Objective: We studied the levels of radon in the indoor air in pre-school and school educational institutions of Kropyvnytskyi city, Kirovograd oblast for further effective anti-radon measures Materials and methods: We studied equal equilibrium concentration (EEC) of 222Rn in the indoor air of children's educational institutions. Measurements of indoor EEC of 222Rn were carried out with the help of passive track radonometry method using nitrate-cellulose film LR-115 as a detector in heating season. The time of exposure of radon accumulators was not less than 30 days. The chemical treatment of the detectors was performed in the alkali solution NaOH (2.5 M). Calculation of tracks was carried out with the help of spark counter АИСТ. Results: Studies were carried out in the children's educational institutions of Kropyvnytskyi city, Kirovograd oblast. The range of indoor EEC of 222Rn was established to be 12 Bq•m-3 to 332 Bq•m-3, the arithmetical mean was 85 Bq•m-3, the geometrical mean was 69 Bq•m-3 at a standard deviation of 59 Bq•m-3. The levels of 222Rn exceeded the standard level for children’s institutions (50 Bq•m-3) in 64 % of examined premises, excess of the standard was greater by 4-6 fold in 8 premises there. Indoor EEC of 222Rn in the premises, located on the ground floor, was nearly twice as much than in the premises located above the ground floor. Anti-radon measures should be realized in all buildings where the hygienic levels are exceeded. Optimum protective measures are established separately for each definite premise or building and are based on the analysis and assessment of the structural characteristics of the building and the ways of radon intake into it. Effectiveness of performed protective measures is determined by the repeated measurements of radon levels in the same premises.

67-71

Authors: ЄЛІЗАРОВА О.Т., ГОЗАК С.В., СТАНКЕВИЧ Т.В., ПАРАЦ А.М.

Objective: We characterized the day activity of the city adolescents taking into account their physical activity. Materials and methods: We estimated the lifestyle of the adolescents with the help of Quantification de l'Activite Physique en Altitude Chez les Enfants adapted by us. Energy expenditures (METdaily) were calculated by The Compendium of Energy Expenditures for Youth. Physical development was assessed after Rorer formula. 247 schoolchildren aged 11-15 years of three cities in Ukraine, not engaged in organized sports teams, took part in the study. Statistical processing was performed with the help of STATISTICA 8.0 package. Results: Connection between an excessive body mass and lifestyle in the adolescents was established. The children with an excessive body mass spend energy more by 8.9% for immobile activity and less by 16.9% for motor activity in comparison with the children with harmonious physical development and reduced body weight (p <0.001). The level of motor activity decreases by 20.7% in the children with an excessive body mass from 5 to 9 grades, while an opposite tendency of the increase of motor activity level is observed in the children with harmonious physical development.

75-79

Authors: КАЛЬНИШ В.В., МАЛЬЦЕВ О.В.

Objective: In this work, we studied the restoration of working capacity and functional state of the military personnel who had returned from the area of hostilities and then were sent for rehabilitation under stationary conditions. Materials and methods: We studied the combatants at the beginning and at the end of rehabilitation. For the assessment of working capacity we chose psycho-physiological indicators reflecting the level of activation of the organism, characterizing the individual-and-typological qualities, reflecting the level of human mobilization in the performance of information tasks. Possible transformations in the regulation of cardiac rhythm at the restoration of functional reserves of the body of military personnel were considered also. Results: According to the complex of psycho-physiological indicators in the servicemen after stay in the area of hostilities, the working capacity was established to be improved significantly on average by 11.3% due to the rehabilitation measures. The level of stabilization of the variability of different psycho-physiological functions was improved on average by 32.9% that indicated an increase in their mobilization and stabilization of the functional state of the servicemen. The state of the energetic sphere in military personnel in the ATO zone was improved significantly that was indicated in the changes of the values of the complex of cardiac rhythm indices by 22.7% and in a decrease of the intra-group spread of these indicators by 21.3%. Positive changes in the energetic sphere of the servicemen can be estimated as more intensive (22.7%) than in the information sphere (11.3%).

10-15

Authors: БАНДАЖЕВСЬКИЙ Ю.І., ДУБОВА Н.Ф.

TT homozygous variant of MTHFR: С677T genetic polymorphism is associated with almost full loss of methylene tetrahydrofolatreductasa, the main enzyme of folate cycle. A degree of the manifestation of genetic polymorphism is connected with the external impact. Objective. We determined the phenotypical manifestation of MTHFR: С677T genotype in the groups of the children from the regions, contaminated with the radioactive agents as a result of the accident of the Chornobyl nuclear power plant and having a different level of social-and-economic development, using the parameters of the content of homocystein in blood and frequencies of the occurrence of the state of hyperhomocysteinemia. Methods: immunochemical, mathematical-andstatistical. Results. In the subgroup of the children-carriers of MTHFR:677ТT genotype, suffered from the accident at the Chornobyl nuclear power plant, a content of homocystein in blood was authentically larger in comparison with the subgroups of the children that were not the carrier of given genotype. The presence of risk allele of MTHFR:677ТT Т polymorphism predetermines the elevated homocystein formation in the children residing at the territory, contaminated with radioactive elements as a result of the accident at the Chornobyl nuclear power plant, in comparison with the children not having МTHFR:677ТT genotype in the content of their genome. Phenotypic manifestation of MTHFR:677ТT genome as elevated formation of homocystein in the organism (state of hyperhomocysteinemia) is more expressed in the children from the regions that are in worse social-and-economic conditions after the accident at the Chornobyl nuclear power plant.

19-22

Authors: БЕРДНИК О.В., РУДНИЦЬКА О.П., ДОБРЯНСЬКА О.В.

Objective. The revelation of the peculiarities of causes and conditions of formation of allergic diseases in children on population level. Results. According to the results of retrospective dynamic observation for 42 years, two-hill peculiarity of the curve of changing of the levels of prevalence of allergic diseases in children has been revealed regardless of the ecological conditions in their residence’ places. The causes of these diseases have been studied taking into account medical, ecological and ecological-hygienic approaches. Conclusions. In the conditions of a large-scale retrospective epidemiological study, the role of medical, environmental, weather-climatic factors in the formation of allergic diseases in children at the population level have been shown.

29-35

Authors: ЗОРИНА О.В.

The study is aimed at scientific substantiation and improvement of parameters and criteria of the potable and natural waters quality monitoring in accordance with the requirements of the European legislation. Materials. The analysis was carried out of the European and Ukrainian regulatory documents regarding the potable and natural waters quality. The quality of potable tap water from surface and subsurface sources of drinking water supply, in the bottling places, and packaged was investigated for meeting sanitary-chemical indicators in different regions of Ukraine during the last 17 years (more than 600 samples). Methods: bibliographical, regulatory-searching, hygiene, sanitary-chemical, and expert evaluating. Main results. The work consist of the scientific substantiation, systematization, and improvement of parameters and criteria of potable and natural waters quality monitoring in accordance with the requirements of the European legislation and on the basis of longitudinal research of priority indicators of the potable and natural waters quality, as well as the potable water influence on the consumer health. It is noted that the development of the program for monitoring the drinking water should be conducted taking into account the results of monitoring of natural waters. Improved analysis criteria that should be conducted in case of water monitoring development, it is proposed to analyze the presence of problem indicators, which concentration was unstable and exceeded 75% of the norm, as well as before cleaning exceeded the hygienic norm for drinking water. The comparative assessment of Directive 98/83/EC and ДСанПіН 2.2.4-171-10 concerning the procedure for monitoring the quality of drinking water by microbiological and organoleptic indicators showed that at the productivity of the water supply system up to 130 000 m3/day in the ДСанПіН the stricter control is regulated, which requires preservation in in case of implementation of the said directive. It has been found that Directive 98/83/EC does not have a procedure for monitoring the quality of drinking water in relation to the content of residual quantities of reagents and the hygiene standard for them (regulated in ДСанПіН 2.2.4-171-10), which needs to be preserved in the revised national regulatory document. We have found that refined drinking water of superficial sources of drinking water supply has a stable composition. Requirements for the quality of such waters and periodicity of their quality control are determined (coincide with the requirements for underground drinking water). The periodicity of mineral substances determination in potable water with artificial mineralization in potable water was reduced in bottling places with productivity less than 5m3/day in order to prevent the production and sales of the desalinated water (earlier – one time a week, now – one time per month). The standard for chlorates was established according to the WHO (0,7 mg/l) recommendations and the periodicity of the chlorates level control was set (one time per month in case of potable water disinfection with the chloride dioxide); stricter control of potable water quality was set for the content of trihalomethanes (in case of minimization of their content-at least on time per three months). It was pointed for the first time that after the water supply systems refurbishment and changes in the water treatment technology the manufacturers can carry out the potable water quality control not of a full list of the indicators, but only for those that can be changed, what is cost-effective. It was determined that there is a need in implementation of complex ecological hygienic monitoring of natural and potable waters as of today, what will be a significant step in improvement of the potable waters quality and European legislation implementation in Ukraine.

42-47

Authors: БІЛОУС О.С., РОДІНКОВА В.В., ЄРМІШЕВ О.В.

Fungi spores and fragments occur everywhere over non-polar regions of the Earth, especially over agricultural regions, make up to 45% of particles in the air bioaerosol and can cause symptoms of allergy. In the article, we described the spectrum of fungi spores as the potential aeroallergens and its temporal changes in the ambient air of the city of Vinnytsia. Materials and methods: We carried out the study with the help of volumetric method in 2009-2014, we detected more than 30 categories of spores of fungi in the atmosphere, many of them had clinically proved features to cause seasonal allergy. Results: Dominance of Cladosporium spores is demonstrated in the air bioaerosol, it conforms to the results of the observation in the majority of points throughout the world. In general, the representatives of the ascomycetes fungi (Ascomycota) dominated in ambient air, as well as the representatives of Basidiomycetes and pseudofungi (Oomycota). In particular, the list of the leaders by the indicator of the annual spore index consisted of Alternaria, Ascospora, Cladosporium, Coprinus, Didymella, Epicoccum, Ganoderma, Leptosphaeria, spores of Uredinales and Ustilaginales. Most of fungi spores were recorded in ambient air from June to October with clearly defined increases in concentration, basically due to Cladosporium spores in June and July. Peaks in July were characterized by Alternaria and Ascospores. A larger concentration of spores was observed in ambient air in autumn months than in spring months and in the first half of June. Conclusions: Findings on the spore content of ambient air for a long period of observation were obtained for Ukraine for the first time. The result will improve the diagnosis and prevention of seasonal allergy in our country.

54-57

Authors: СТАНКЕВИЧ В.В., КОВАЛЬ Н.М.

Objective : We substantiated the hygienic standard of the content of petroleum products (total) in agricultural soils and soils of the settlements’ territories of various functional use. Materials and methods : We used the gravimetric method for the determination of the actual content of totalpetroleum products in the samples of soils of the agricultural lands and soils from the territories of the settlements of various functional purposes. Under experimental conditions, we investigated the influence of different concentrations of petroleum products on the enzymatic (dehydrogenase) activity of soil microorganisms on the model soil media with different content of humus. Results: Soils with a higher content of humus are more resistant to the impact of oil products. Concentrations of the gasoline-diesel fraction of PP from 1.0 to 5.0 g/kg had a stimulating effect on the enzymatic activity of soil microflora and on the development of the crops for all types of soils; concentrations over 10.0 up to 20.0 g/kg inhibited this parameter sharply. The petrol fraction of PP provided more toxic effect on this indicator in comparison with the diesel fraction. When assessing the territories of different planning zones of the settlements, the significant fluctuations in the concentrations of the petroleum products were established, but with a certain correlation, depending on thef unctional zone. A streetroad dust is especially instructive by the artificial soils’ pollution levels. Conclusions.The allowable levels of oil products’ pollution were proposed for different planning zones of the territories of the settlements. As a safe concentration for the sum of petroleum products at the level of 1.0 g / kg (1000.0 mg / kg of soil) is proposed for the soils of agricultural purpose.

62-66

Authors: ТКАЧИШИНА Н.Ю.

We examined 398 workers of locomotive crews (WLC) and 116 engineers and technicians of the UR. We used the methods of vibration testing and capillaroscopy. The results of vibration testing showed that in the first 20 years of work, a decrease of the threshold of vibration sensitivity looked like an adaptation, and later an increase of the sensitivity threshold progressed. At capillaroscopy, the violation of microcirculation determines a tendency to increased arterial pressure, it is favoured by the peculiarity of the labour conditions of the WLC under conditions of emotional and intellectual tension and combined vibration effect.

71-75

Authors: ТУРОС О.І., СЛАУТЕНКО Є.Г., МИХІНА Л.І.

Background: Features of ambient air pollution at the border of the sanitary protection zone and the residential area with the emissions from modern powerful pig complexes are considered in the example of the pig complex with an annual capacity of 30 thousand heads. Objective: We assessed the ambient air pollution with the emissions from livestock farms in the example of the farms for pigs’ breeding (pig complexes) with a capacityof 30 thousand heads per year. Materials and methods: We used the method of bibliographic and bibliosemantic search; we performed field instrumental measurements of the concentration of the pollutants in the emissions from stationary sources of contamination of the pig complexes and in ambient air of the settlements. Results: The maximum concentrations of pollutants in the content of the emissions of pig complex (hydrogensulphide, ammonia, solidsuspended particles (PM)) were established not to exceed the maximum allowable emission. The average concentrations of the pollutants in ambient air in terms of the maximum single maximum allowable concentration (MPCotm) are exceeded only by hydrogensulfide (at a distance of upto 200 m - 2.5 MPCotm, at a distance of 500 m - 2.4 MPCotm, at 1000 m - 5 MPCotm), no excesses for other substances (ammonia, PM) were detected. Conclusions: The obtained results testify about absence of ambient air pollution with ammonia and PM emissions from pig complexes and its pollution with hydrogensulphide in concentrations, exceeding MPCotm, depending on distance (200, 500 and 1000 m). In addition, the obtained results make it possible to reduce the normative sizes of sanitary-and-protective zones of livestock complexes under condition of the use of modern production technologies for the maintenance and fattening of pigs, the organization of the production ventilation systems and the technological process of livestock breeding which reduce the emission of hydrogensulfide to the level of the standard MPCotm.