Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management

18

Authors: Mustafa Yurttadur, Ekrem Süzen & Hasan Karaağaç

Starting from the concept of corporate social responsibility to the present and the recent past, the growing importance of a growing and evolving concept in that time period. Many surveys and studies have shown that the practice of corporate social responsibility when it comes to the success of a business is extremely important. For this reason, many businesses and consumers in order to reflect the best way to image your reputation has adopted corporate social responsibility practices. The previously observed social responsibility projects in the private sector while the public sector has begun to show itself in recent years. To adapt such practices to the public sector but do not display, and, thus, the public sector is experiencing difficulty in adaptation. In this study, first the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility and theoretical processes of infrastructure development were investigated. Then applications of the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility in the public sector were investigated. The aim of this research in the public area of personnel on the perspective of corporate social responsibility practices and corporate social responsibility to examine their views and thoughts. This study of public employees to the public sector think that there will be difficulties in implementing corporate social responsibility practices along with the adoption of corporate social responsibility reveals that it is a requirement.

25

Authors: Emir Özeren & Ömür Yaşar Saatçioğlu

Social entrepreneurs are those who bring forward various resources and exploit the opportunities innovatively in solving social problems and thus, create social change. In recent years, social entrepreneurship that has become a focus of interest in scholarly debates has rarely been discussed from the perspective of diversity management, equality, social exclusion and network diversity. In order to fill this void, Çöp(m)adam as one of the most successful examples of social enterprises in Turkey was examined in-depth qualitatively as a case study method and in the light of findings it was discussed how social entrepreneurs can manage such diverse difficulties, challenges, competing and contradicting interests arising from their internal and external environment to transform them into an opportunity.

32

Authors: Caleb M. Adelowo & Olawale R. Olaopa

Evidence abounds in both developed and newly-industrialising economies that the success of any nation hinges on the ability to collaborate, generate and deploy knowledge to solve socio-economic problems. This is evident in the rate at which these nations churn out intellectual assets (goods and services) into the global market. Diverse strategies and policies, most especially effective collaboration and linkages, have been employed by these nations to build firms’ technological competence (absorptive capacity through adequate investments in STI, research and development (R&D) and Innovation capabilities) that ensures perpetual competitive advantage. However, these strategies among others are lacking in Nigeria’s efforts at gaining competitive edge and generate revenue from the new knowledge and technologies emanating from focused research and development (R&D) within the university and Research sub-system. Oblivious of the need to provide innovation infrastructure for spin offs and technology commercialisation, improve funding of research system, and strengthen intellectual property and technology transfer offices across the country to make available commercialisable research outputs for small businesses through SMEDAN and MSMEs, more is still required in the area of effective collaboration, linkages and commitments among the elements of Nigeria’s innovation system. This paper, through qualitative analysis, provides suggestions on the need for robust interaction and linkages among the elements of national innovation system (government-industry-academia).

17

Authors: Hülya Ünlü, Ahmet Kibar Çetin

Competition that has been accelerating rapidly in domestic and international markets in last decades compels firms to apply new ideas to their activities in order to increase value on their products and processes. Innovation which is a key driver of a success and survival of enterprises provides them competitive adventure in the markets. Learning processes on radical innovation, which is one of the most valuable innovation types is crucial. In this paper we examined the relationship between radical innovation and type of learning processes (learning by doing, learning by training, and learning by searching) with using probit model and firm level data (BEEPS) in relatively less successful innovator countries, namely Turkey, Macedonia, Slovenia, and Serbia. According to our results, the impact of learning process on making radical innovation varies in the less successful innovator countries. Any of the learning processes do not affect radical innovation in Macedonia while Serbia and Slovenia make radical innovation only with learning by searching. Turkish enterprises are making radical innovation with their top manager’s experience (learning by training) and their success in export performance (learning by doing).

23

Authors: Özlem Fikirli, Ahmet Kibar Çetin

In this study, the cointegration relationship between R&D capital stock and total factor productivity (TFP) is analyzed by applying ARDL method in period of 1990-2013 years in Turkey. R&D capital stocks are examined by dividing into its components: private, state, and university. The effects of R&D capital stocks on TFP are directly and indirectly examined. In this study, direct effect is preferred. According to findings we conclude that the only state’s R&D stock has the effect on TFP in long term.

27

Authors: Abiodun Isaac Oyebola, Isaac Adeyemi Irefin, Titilayo Olubunmi Olaposi

The Nigerian universities have been teaching entrepreneurship courses with a view to imparting skills that will bring about creation of new ventures. The primary concern of this study was to examine how entrepreneurship education can develop human capital within struggling societies so as to empower the youths to be able to create their own technological advances and become proactive in improving their overall well-being. In this study, we evaluated the adequacy of entrepreneurship education given to Nigerian undergraduates to create and manage a new venture. Also, we examined the impact of entrepreneurship education on venture creation. Primary data were collected through the use of questionnaire and oral interview methods. One hundred and twenty science and engineering students and One hundred and twenty science and engineering graduates from twelve universities (four federal universities, four Osun State universities and four private universities) in Nigeria were purposively selected as respondents for the study. Findings show that the content of the entrepreneurship education is adequate for venture creation. Results of correlation analysis show that factors such as: relevance of entrepreneurship lectures; full knowledge of the entrepreneurship courses; adequacy of course duration and feasibility of the principles learned have significant and positive relationship with number of business opportunities identified by the graduates. There was no significant relationship between venture creation and content of entrepreneurship lectures given. We found that venture creation requires some other factors besides entrepreneurship education. The paper concludes that the Nigerian government still needs to do more in providing enabling environment and other factors that may be needed to translate the theoretical knowledge to practical venture creation.

27

Authors: Guy Roland Kenmegni Noumigue

Studies on the small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) financing do not generally distinguish them. This study aims to compare the small enterprises (SEs) financing to those of medium enterprises (MEs). Evidence from our analysis on forty-one SEs and forty seven MEs points the fact that bank loan and informal funding sources, effectively allow significant distinction amongst SEs and MEs in Cameroon. While the formal and semi-formal intermediate funding (overdraft, trade credit, and microcredit from Microfinance Institutions (MFIs)) does not allow differentiating them. Consequently SEs financing sources are more informal than MEs financing sources. Thus, the effectiveness of economic policy for SMEs is subject to a distinction between them.

16

Authors: Cem Işık, Sağbetullah Meriç

In this study, innovation levels of people working in management positions of 4-5 star hotel companies operating in the province of Van and their categories were examined under investigation. For this purpose, data obtained by questionnaire technique of quantitative research methods were analyzed with SPSS version. Results obtained from the study show that individual innovation averages of hotel managers operating in the tourism of Van province take place in the experience in the opening size as middle level of innovation. In addition, it was determined that more than half of these managers are located in inquisitive, pioneer, skeptics, innovative and traditionalist ranking.

20

Authors: Carlos Gonzalo Acevedo Peña, Walter Mauricio Hernán Céspedes Quiroga, José Eduardo Zambrana Montán

This study explores the policy paths the Bolivian government has followed in the last three decades to organize science, technology, and innovation. We present strategies proposed by the government to make its National Innovation System more dynamic and socially inclusive. We analyse the process and strategies followed under the light of the Triple Helix (government-industry-university) model of innovation

28

Authors: Fatih Özdemir, İlker Murat Ar

Today, social innovation is an important proposition for responding social needs. However, there are a few studies on social innovation and there isn’t common theoretical framework when looking the relevant literature. In this study, a survey is prepared based on literature review and applied to the experts. With this approach, defining the related components and the factors affecting social innovation is the main objective of this study. According to the survey results, social entrepreneurship has the highest interaction with social innovation and “social expectations” is the most important factor influencing the generation of social innovations. In addition, the most important attribute that social innovations contain is defined as the development potential on social areas such as education, health, environment and economy. The most important role in the process of social innovation is stated to be taken by municipalities.

1-19

Authors: Joel SOTAMENOU

This paper aims to evaluate the practice of corporate social responsibility (CSR) by managers of small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) in Cameroon. More specifically it aims to analyse the ecological behaviour of managers of SMEs in Cameroon and identify the determinants of the adoption of environmental dimension of CSR (e-CSR) measures in SMEs. Evidence from our analyses points the fact that the environmental protection is not yet a priority for managers of SMEs in Cameroon. There are several ways to increase the practice of e-CSR among SMEs managers, including the presence of an in-house department in charge of the environment, conducting environmental impact studies, and acquiring “clean equipment”.

33-60

Authors: Atif AÇIKGÖZ, Ayşe GÜNSEL

Based on the global and technological nature of business environment, hyper-competition has highlighted the need for firms, particularly those operating in high-tech industries, to rely on cross-functional new product development (NPD) teams to produce innovations in a timely manner. Therefore, the ability of NPD teams for innovation becomes a matter of concern. Innovation ability arises as a result of the mutual interactions among team members, structure, and NPD processes. In order to develop as well as to sustain such ability within NPD context, the motivation level of team members becomes very crucial. Previous studies revealed that motivation is highly dependent on the relationships and interactions between the leader and each team member and between each team member within the NPD context. However there is still a gap in the literature concerning how the leadership styles influence a team member’s motivation and how this given relationship is ultimately reflected on innovation ability. In this study, we aimed to investigate the influence of the leadership styles of team leaders on team member’s motivation; as well as to determine the role of team member motivation on developing innovation ability. Based on the fact that this study is conducted on NPD context, we also explored the potential moderator effect of project complexity on the relationship between the team member motivation and innovation ability. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) methodology was employed on the sample size of 145 NPD team members’ data. we found that (i) the directive management style of the NPD team leaders are associated with higher levels of both internal and external motivation of team members, (ii) the higher level of external motivation of team members result with a proficiency in the ability to innovate, and (iii) the higher the project complexity the stronger the relationship between internal motivation and the innovative capability. Implications for both theory and practice were discussed.

81-104

Authors: Çimen KARATAŞ ÇETİN , Pelin SAİT

Abstract This study aims to identify the port innovations adopted and to reveal the effects of port information systems usage on port innovations. In accordance with the aim, a field study encompassing a sample of 39 Turkish ports was employed. The results showed that since the usage of port management information systems and terminal operating systems by Turkish ports has been accelerated in the recent years, the renewal of port information systems did not appear as a priority for the ports. The results revealed that port innovations employed are concentrated on eco-innovations, technological (equipment) innovations and port service innovations. Results supported all of the five hypotheses. An important finding was that port traffic type impacts the adoption of port innovations. Besides, it has been found out that while the usage of terminal operating systems has impacts on operational process innovations; the usage of port community information systems has effects on port service innovations.

1-24

Authors: Bolanle OYEDOYIN, Mathew Olugbenga ILORI, Timothy OYEBISI, Billiy Agbebola OLUWALE, Oluseye JEGEDE

The study was designed to evaluate the business development and transfer of technologies to small manufacturing companies by research institutes in South Western Nigeria. The study covered all the industrial research institutions with headquarters in South Western Nigeria. The study showed that the involvement of scientists in innovation process was rated highest in the idea generation (4.14) and idea screening (4.29) phases; high in R&D (3.86) and fairly high in pilot plant development (2.71) and commercialization (2.43) phase. Their involvement was rated low in business analysis and development (2.14), and test marketing (2.29) phase. The involvement of engineers was rated highest in idea generation (3.28), fairly high in R&D (2.71), pilot plant development (2.57), and idea screening (2.40) phases. However, their involvement was rated low in business analysis and development (2.0), test marketing (2.0), and commercialization (1.28) phases. The involvement of technology marketers in innovation process was generally rated fairly high in R&D (2.7) and business analysis and development (2.6), and low in all the other phases of innovation. However, their involvement at IAR&T, FIIRO, and NIOMR in all the phases was rated very high (3.0-5.0). The involvement of entrepreneurs was generally rated from fairly high to low (2.7-2.3) in all the phases of innovation. The involvement of financial institutions in all the phases of innovation was generally rated low (1.28-1.71). In conclusion, the study showed that the involvement of stakeholders like entrepreneurs and financial institutions in technology packaging for commercialization is very low.

49-72

Authors: Burak ÇAPRAZ, Nazlı Ayşe AYYILDIZ ÜNNÜ, Derya KELGOKMEN ILIC, Murat KOCAMAZ, Ural Gökay ÇİLEKLİ, Burcu ARACIOĞLU, Aydın KOÇAK, Jülide KESKEN, Haluk SOYUER

In recent years it is seen that innovation concept is gaining more importance in economics and business literature as in specific fields. Nonetheless innovation concept should not be considered only from of technical and economics view. It is seen that innovative work behaviour is taken as an important factor for innovation in business studies. Research conducted on data collected from employees in five main industries which are defined as the prior industries by Izmir Regional Development Agency is tested where innovative work behaviour is more likely to be formed by individual-based variables. Intrinsic interest of individuals, expected performance outcomes from novelty, generating ideas and identifying opportunities are found to direct employees to act innovative.