Extensão Rural

19

Authors: Mariele Boscardin, Rosani Marisa Spanevello

The objective of this study is to outline the main socio-demographic characteristics of the rural population of the micro-region and especially of the municipality of Frederico Westphalen, in the northern state of Rio Grande do Sul, as well as to discuss the implications of these characteristics for the local rural environment. in the IBGE data. In general, the analysis shows that the region does not escape the national and state standard regarding demographic changes, characterized especially by the reduction of the young population and increase in the elderly population. These characteristics not only confirm changes in the age structure of the population, but also reveal the emergence of "new dynamics" of the rural environment, demonstrating that many farmers may be engaged in agricultural activity associated with receiving rural retirement. In these cases, they are farmers who tend to reduce productive capacity and agricultural production due to physical limitations.

21

Authors: Lenoir Heisler, Arlene Anélia Renk, Irme Salete Bonamigo

In the past few years, in southern Brazil, especially in the west of Santa Catarina, the countryside has undergone intense transformations. These changes are largely related to public policies and the integration of agricultural and livestock activities into the global market, which affects the daily lives of rural households. This article analyzes the main strategies that rural families in the microregion of Pinhalzinho, west of Santa Catarina, use for their social reproduction. From a case study, through interviews with rural dwellers, field observations and surveys in public databases, it is identified that among the main strategies of social reproduction triggered are access to formal education, social security, constitution of family agroindustries and opening of institutional markets, alternative production, entries in the agroindustrial integration system and pluriactivity. These strategies have made possible to observe a rural environment that is increasingly dynamic and, in many cases, synonymous with quality of life.

24

Authors: Raphael Fernando Diniz, Antonio Nivaldo Hespanhol

Taking into account the importance of the National Policy for Technical Assistance and Rural Extension (PNATER) for the process of restructuring, reorientation and renewal of the extension service in Brazil, this study sought to present and analyze the actions aimed at its implementation, as well as to identify the advances the challenges faced by the policy. Based on the analysis of studies developed on PNATER and on the information and data available in documents made available by management agencies, it was verified that, despite theoretical-conceptual and methodological changes and the expansion of federal investments in extension agencies, a number of structural and conjunctural problems still persist and limit the adoption of participative methodologies, the agroecological transition, and exclusivity in the service to marginalized social groups. Additionally, it was verified that the distribution of financial resources aimed at the execution of the actions of ATER in all the states of the federation occurred in a very unequal way, privileging the more developed regions and states and/or those with a low number of family farmers.

15

Authors: Igor Silva de Bearzi, José Odelso Schneider

The present study tried do cast light upon the discussion involving the State as well the associative and cooperative procedures, from the analysis of the function carried out by a public policy – The National Program of School Nutriment (PNAE) under a legal and judicial association. The Association of Rural Products in the community of Estancia Velha (APREV), trying to raise evidence able do explain the dynamic process of generating the social funds prompted through the public policy, in other words, shaping the group of the association itself. This research is located in the universe of qualitative research, using as techniques for collecting the information, documentary research, bibliographic research, participant observation and semi-structured interviews. The analysis of the results indicated that the farmers associated in the APREV approached and consolidated relationships that allowed them to participate in the PNAE in Estância Velha, despite the reluctant individualistic and selfish behaviors. Also it was noticed that this attitude of the formers interested in association, closely in order to show the relevance of the comparison related, with those who are being advanced by the State.

17

Authors: Joel Henrique Cardoso, Jaqueline Sgarbi Santos, Fabrício Sanches Medeiros

The present article systematizes the trajectory of an agroforestry action-research project, presenting the method and its application to build agroecology knowledge about successional agroforest systems (AFS). The work was evolved at Serra dos Tapes territory, RS, southern Brazil and counted on the participation by family farmers, technicians, students and consumers interested on agro-ecological agrifood systems. Knowledge about AFS and agroforestry technologies are concretized into participatory experimental units, which besides being a living laboratory for action-reflection-action of all involved with the action, also fit to awareness and empowerment others. It is concluded that the seeds are planted and the study of AFS in participatory action-research processes responds very promisingly the demand for agroecological redesign of the agro-food systems of the territory of Serra dos Tapes, RS.

18

Authors: Zenicleia Angelita Deggerone, Carlos Alberto Oliveira de Oliveira

This work is dedicated to understanding how cooperative organizations participate of generational succession in family farms, located in the region of the North Regional Development Council (Corede North), in Rio Grande do Sul. In order to meet the proposed objective, the research presents a descriptive and exploratory methodological approach, and uses quantitative and qualitative techniques to collect information, which was carried out in 11 agricultural cooperatives. The results of the research shows that the exit of young people from the countryside is motivated, according to the managers of the cooperatives, by the lack of dialogue in the family, which has caused disputes around the decision making in the rural properties. And to try to reverse this condition, the leaders point out the need to develop propositional actions to empower young people in the participation of decisions with the production units. Based on these results, the role of cooperative organizations would be to develop multidisciplinary actions involving the family in the discussion of the management and succession of the productive establishment, with the purpose of encourage the permanence of young people in rural areas.

16

Authors: Kelli Juliane Favato, Daniel Ramos Nogueira

Rural family production is of great relevance to the national economy, accounting for approximately 70% of the food consumption in Brazil. Recent research indicates that a small portion of rural producers use cost controls in the decision-making process, even though this is an essential tool for the property management. Thus, the present research aims to investigate the acceptance of cost controls by rural family producers in the city of Londrina-PR. It should be noted that the region has a strong connection with agribusiness and the survival of this type of producer is important for the regional sustainability and economy. Data was collected through forms at the rural producer fair, which is a municipal incentive program for rural family producers. The results show that the producers’ cost controls are considered basic, however, they do not use them in the decision-making process and for the sales pricings. It is noted that that a small number of producers have created strategies to reduce costs because of the current economic recession.

17

Authors: Leticia Andrea Chechi

The construction of the large part of public policies in Brazil has been debated in spaces of interaction between society and State, which allows to work the notion of permeability of the State and the articulation of different interests in the decision-making arenas. This study aims to analyze the relationship, conflicts and confluence between the State and agroecological movement, represented by the National Articulation of Agroecology (NAA), in the construction of the National Policy of Agroecology and Organic Production (PNAOP) and National Plans of Agroecology and Organic Production (Planapo). For this, were analyzed documents elaborated by ANA, texts produced by the Consultancy and Services for Projects in Family Agriculture (AS-PTA) and governmental documents. The formation of an Interministerial Working Group (IWG), was constituted as an interlocutor for the debate of the policiesand national plan with the civil society. With conflicts after the launching of the Decree that instituted PNAPO, social actors, organized by ANA, have maintained dialogue with the State, placing their demands, present in the Planapos (2013-2015 and 2016-2019). However, the permeability of the state can beaffected by the political and economic context of the country, which can put at risk a space that has gradually been conquered by social organizations and movements.

24

Authors: Vanessa Gleica Cantú Gris, Sandra Mara Stocker Lago, Loreni Teresinha Brandalise

This study aims to present a survey of Brazilian scientific production published in scientific journals of the Qualis system, concerning the Public Administration and Business, Accounting and Tourism area, about family farming succession from 2004 to 2016. Therefore, a bibliographical research was perfomed, in which periodicals evaluated in the Qualis system of the area, registered in the Sucupira platform from CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) were the basis of the research. The research took place from October to December 2016 and considering the exclusion criteria adopted, 34 articles were selected to constitute the sample of this research. The results show restriction of academic production on family farm succession and higher concentration of publications from the southern region of the country. Generally, it was verified that the studies indicate the income as the main limitation to keep young people in rural areas, besides the fragility of the rural infrastructure, difficulties in education access, lack of public policies, inequality of gender and negative views from parents about the future of their children in the property. As factors that contribute to family farming succession, it was noticed a strong influence of the pluriactivity and production diversification, professional qualification, involvement with the cooperatives, family incentive and young entrepreneur profile.

18

Authors: Rogério Oliveira Pinheiro, Gisele Martins Guimarães

The present work presents the pedagogical use of Network Educational Technologies (TER), more specifically video, as mediator of the teaching-learning of Agroecological Sciences. The results of a research carried out using questionnaires, with 30 students of Agrarian Sciences (Agronomy, Veterinary Medicine, Zootechnics and Post Graduation in Rural Extension) of the Federal University of Santa Maria-Rs/Brazil, perceptions about the functionality of audiovisual in teaching-learning. The perceptions point to the acceptance of the audiovisual as an important mediator of teaching, as it is a tool capable of giving visibility to local and regional experiences, allowing, even if virtually, exchanges of knowledge and experiences, since the senses remain stimulated through sound, images in shared movements and emotions. The results still point to the need to revise teaching practices and the epistemological bases where the Agricultural Sciences are anchored, since contemporaneity requires new positions for the formation of professionals capable of contributing to Sustainable Development, based on social equity, traditional knowledge, ecosystem equilibrium and the autonomy of subjects.

19

Authors: João Carlos Costa Gomes, Luiz Augusto Ferreira Verona, José Ernani Schwengber, Gustavo Crizel Gomes

It is reported a building experiment on the evaluation of knowledge of agro-ecosystems’ sustainability in Southern region of Rio Grande do Sul, using the theoretical framework ‘MESMIS’ – Frame for the Evaluation of Management Systems for Natural Resources, incorporating sustainability indicators through the application of the theoretical frame to the local reality. It was developed a practical-theoretical course for a multidisciplinary group with an empirical application of the methodological proposal as a participatory way with four families in four different agro-ecosystems. Some common points were identified in the studied agro-ecosystems: three of them showed problems related to the water, fundamental and transversal theme of the multiple dimensions of sustainability, affecting life quality, health, environment and viability of the agroecosystem. The dependency on external inputs, mainly for ecological based production systems and for succession on the families exploring agriculture, also emerged as critical points to the regional family farming.

21

Authors: Daniela Aparecida Pacífico

Inserted in the perspective known as approach by the instruments, Pierre Lascoumes and Patrick Le Galès present an approach that contributes to think the territorialization of public policies. The approach considers that the processes of implementation of public policies produce local systems of public action. Such local systems can be apprehended from four dimensions: translation and appropriation; the public; the mobilization of actors; and the dimension of time and place. This paper presents and discusses this proposal and applies this analytical framework to the case of the Brazil Without Rural Poverty Plan (BSM-Rural). The aim is to analyze if the local systems produced by the implementation process constitute the sociotechnical networks existing in the north of the state of Minas Gerais. The data presented in this paper are based on document analysis and field research, in which semi-structured interviews and participant observation were carried out. The work is divided into five sections. The first one introduces the theme; the following section discusses the analytical proposal of Lascoumes and Le Galès; the third briefly presents the BSM-Rural; the fourth examines this program in the light of the analytical framework; finally, some final considerations are made. It is concluded that the local systems constitute the existing socio-technical networks and that each of them mainly mobilizes different translations and appropriations of BSM-Rural, making possible adjustments and creation of own rules of application configuring particularities to the territorialization of the public action.

15

Authors: Fernando Cardoso Pedrão

Historical conditions of rural production change along with the capitalistic system as a whole, with financial and commerce conditions. In Brazil, rural production evolved from extreme exploitation of slavery and traditional forms of domination in general. The expansion of big capital in rural environment meant valuation of capital and devaluation of work. It’s imperative now to renew the analysis of rural production to understand its role in the ongoing coming back to primary economy.

16

Authors: André de Camargo Macedo, Bruna Carolina Meira, Edmilson Carlos de Almeida, Lopes Junior, João Paulo Agápto, Ricardo Serra Borsatto

This paper analyzes the limits of the Food Acquisition Program (PAA) and the National School Meal Program (PNAE) in promoting the social organization of family farmers, through the case study of the settlement “23 de Maio” in São Paulo state. Therefore, we developed and implemented two questionnaires, directed respectively to the settlers and the manager of the existing association in the settlement. The results showed a low participation of farmers in administrative and decision-making processes of the association, and the association has dedicated only to act as an intermediary for the insertion of the family farmers in an institutional markets. The research also allowed to understand points considered negative by farmers in respect of their participation in both programs. It was concluded that for the PAA and PNAE to promote the social organization of settled family farmers and thus be more efficient in supporting family farming, it is necessary to articulate with other public policies directed to this public.

17

Authors: Caio César Soares Biancardi, Rafael Rodrigues, Haloysio Mechelli de Siqueira, Joana Junqueira Carneiro, Maria Aparecida Fernandes

This paper presents and discusses the results of the economic viability analysis of food family production, inserted at the farmer´s market and at the institutional markets (Food Acquisition Program - PAA and National School Feeding Program - PNAE) of Alegre, Espírito Santo State, Brazil. Fifteen foods were included on the research: pumpkin, watercress, lettuce, wild chicory, banana prata, green onion, chayote, collard greens, yam, scarlet eggplant, cassava, heart of palm, okra, tannia and tomato. The operational cost of production and trading, the operational liquid revenue and the index of benefit/operational cost were the economic indicators considered. It was verified that lettuce, banana prata, green onion, collard greens and tomato were the foods which presented positive value of operational total liquid revenue in the three focused markets, and the higher indexes of benefit/cost were achieved by green onion, in PNAE, and collard greens, in PAA. At the opposite extreme were pumpkin and wild chicory. The insertion of family farmers in PNAE was, most times, the most advantageous, unlike PAA, in which eight of the fifteen focused foods had a situation of economic inviability.