Gardarika

11-25

Authors: Arthur Chubur

The hierarchic typology of Paleolithic dwellings is presented. I levels: artificial features and natural shelters. II levels: dwellings-settlement and elementary dwellings. Level III for elementary dwellings: bone-earthen, with some large bones, without bones. To dwellings-settlements concern Kostenki-Avdeevo complexes (lengthy facility with a line of the hearths, on a site surrounded by storage pits and recessed into the mainland huts), “lengthy houses” Kostenki IV (lengthy facility with a line of the hearths), habitation Yeliseevichi complex (site surrounded by recessed into the mainland huts). Based on ethnographic analogies from different points of the globe following hypothesis is proposed to explain the phenomenon of "settlement-houses." A similar build was elaborated in stereotype similar situations. This is one of the self-adaptive mechanisms of people who were on the open spaces uncontrolled by them only just new spaces. Life on foreign soil forced to seek a closed, compact layout of the settlement. It gave not only physical protection, but also a sense of security and control space. The sacred space of the house extends to all settlement. The dwellings-settlements may serve as a marker for non indigenous a population.

41-52

Authors: Timur A. Magsumov, Gleb O. Kovzik

In article the purposes, essence and manifestations of socialist competitions in the field of culture of an era of "stagnation" are revealed. The city of Naberezhnye Chelny in 1974-1985 becomes the focus of research. Article is under construction on the basis of the standard and legal, newspaper and office work materials extracted from city archive and for the first time introduced for scientific use. Local sociohistorical conditions of the city have generated special attention of local authorities to the sphere of culture. Therefore authors focus important attention on feature of carrying out socialist competitions in focus of the city-forming enterprise under construction KAMAZ and the cities. Authors point to undoubted quantitative progress in carrying out a number of actions in the field of culture. In article the obvious problems which are shown in lack of a variety of forms of competitions, "flight behind figures", poor quality of service of the population reveal. In the conditions of quickly growing young city it became one of the most important factors of destabilization of sociocultural climate in Post-Soviet time.

145-154

Authors: Evgenij M. Osadchij

Kamennoye Castle was built on the banks of Psla in the middle of the XVII century. This fortress was the border between the Commonwealth and was transferred to the Moscow kingdom in 1647. In the early 50th of the XVII century castle rebuilt and expanded. It appears posad and upstream Psla appear villages and settlements. Kamennoye becomes the county seat. Inhabited locality consists of a castle, Prigorodka and posad. In 1658 the fortress withstood the assault and siege of the troops of the Ukrainian hetman Ivan Vygovsky. During the Northern War battle took place near the Kamennoye between Swedish and Russian troops. In the middle of the XVIII century Kamennoye gradually turns from the village. The fortifications are destroyed, and the center of the settlement is moved from the castle to Prigorodok.

91-100

Authors: Olga Y. Chekeres

In the article on the basis of documents of Archival Department of Sochi administration is considered the pre-war history departmental sanatorium of the people's Commissariat of heavy industry – sanatorium S. Ordzhonikidze. The article gives attention to the activities of the sanatorium in the period of the great Patriotic war. The article emphasizes the three main stages of sanatorium's functioning as a hospital in wartime.

107-120

Authors: Evgenij M. Osadchij

The active settling of the Upper Posule begins in the first half of the XVII century. One of the fortified settlements, which are being built at that time, was Nedrigayliv castle. After passing it to Moscow side, it was rebuilt and the numbers of people were increasing. Castle had a three-part structure and consisted of small, medium and large cities. During the Northern War Nedrigayliv withstood the siege of the Swedish army. Location in a swampy area affects the preservation of wooden fortifications. The wooden walls finally collapsed and never repaired in the middle of the XVIII century. In 1787 year Nedrigayliv was rebuilt on a new plan, changing its layout.

58-68

Authors: Evgenij M. Osadchij

In the middle of the XVII century Muscovy there is an urgent need for construction of border forts in the Psel middle reaches. Since the beginning of Slobozhanshchina colonization on its territory appear several town founded by the Cossacks, one of which was Miropol’e. It consisted of fortresses and fortified quarter. This town was located at the water crossing of Psel. In the second half of the XVII century the fortress became part of the south-west part of Belgorod, connecting border towns: Volniy and Rylsk. At that time, Miropol’e was a sotnya’s town of Sumy slobozhanian regiment. In 1786 began works on the redevelopment of urban tenements. As a result, Miropol’e have got an radial construction, and retained the historic center.

77-80

Authors: Olga Y. Chekeres

In the article on the basis of documents of Archival Department of Sochi administration is considered the pre-war history departmental sanatorium of the people's Commissariat of heavy industry – sanatorium. S. Ordjonikidze. The attention is paid to the medical profile of the sanatorium, as well as to the renaming process.

18-25

Authors: Evgenij M. Osadchij

Osadchiy Eugene. The fortress of Belopol’e city in 17th – 18th centuries. The fortress of Belopol’e was in the steppe corridor. That is what caused the defensive character of the settlement. It arose at the confluence of the rivers Kryga and Vir. Since the end of the 11th century, in this place there is the chronicle city Vir. It mentioned in the chronicles in connection with internecine wars the middle of the 12th century. In the middle of the 13th century the city was destroyed by the Mongols and the region comes into disrepair. From the middle of 17th century on the place of the old fortifications Vir Cossack built the town Kryga. In 1672 Cossack settlers built a new fortress. This fortress existed until the end of the 18th century.

33-39

Authors: Olga Y. Chekeres

The article examines on the basis of archival materials the history of the construction of departmental sanatorium People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry – sanatorium "Narkomtyazhprom", later renamed in the sanatorium Ordzhonikidze.