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Phytosanitary and phytoreclamation properties of mustard as factor of stabilizing of the ecological state of agrocoenoses of South Steppe of Ukraine
Authors: Alexander Zhuykov
Number of views: 484
The article presents the results of years of research of phytosanitary and phytoreclamation properties of different types of mustard (grey, white and black) in the context of their positive impact on water-physical characteristics of soils in the zone of cultivation, the development of the ecological balance of agro-landscapes, the degree of occupation of agrophytocenoses weeds, pests and pathogens, yield the most characteristic areas of cultivation of field crops.
The conclusion about the positive impact of the introduction of the culture of mustard in crop rotations in the southern Steppe of Ukraine, primarily through optimization of reclamation and the phytosanitary state of agrocenoses, which is confirmed by experimental results (permeability to water of solum of livery soil rose on 43,7–59,1 %, the substantial is marked declines of level of staggered of agrocenosеs of the winter wheat sown after mustard, by illnesses on 17,6–42,1 %, populated by wreckers on 2,1–8,4 pcs/m2, by weeds – on 2,2–3,8 pcs/m2).
The analysis of experimental data testifies to possibility of estimation of types of mustard as excellent predecessors for absolute majority of cultures characteristic for the crop rotations of South of Ukraine (except for the representatives of family of Brassicacea) – on the average for years realization of researches, productivity of the field cultures sown after mustard, 108,3–124,7 % made from the middle productivity on the farm.
It is also proven the real possibility of obtaining in non-irrigated conditions the yield of certified seeds of mustard at the level of 0,9–1,3 t/ha with quality indicators that meet the requirements to food raw materials use. Also experimentally proved the use of culture as an excellent honey plant, capable of providing charges from 1 ha of sowing to production of 1,15 ton of honey.