Visnyk of Dnipropetrovsk University. Biology, medicine

47-51

Authors: I.I. Mykaylo, M.V. Kryvtsova, V.I. Nikolaichuk

The aim of our research was to conduct a monitoring study of nitrate content in plant products of Uzhgorod district and to accomplish comparative analysis of the survey results in different periods of crop ripening. Selection of vegetable samples was carried out in Uzhgorod district in the early spring and summer periods. Determination of the nitrate content was performed using an ion-selective method at the Chemical and Toxicological Department of the Regional State Veterinary Medicine Laboratory in the Transcarpathian region of Ukraine. Vegetables were tested for nitrate content using the ion-selective method with the laboratory ion meter AI-123. Core investigation samples were crushed and homogenized. A 10.0 g weight of the investigated product, which was prepared according to MIR № 5048-89, was placed in a flat-bottomed or a conical flask, which was then filled with 50 cm3 potassium alumens solution and shaken in a shaking-machine for 5 minutes and then transferred into a measuring glass. The nitrate weight fraction in milligrams per kilogram was obtained together with the weight concentration value of nitrate ions in solution. For our study we selected vegetables grown in both public and private gardens of Uzhgorod district, namely: common onions, radishes, garden parsley, cucumbers, tomatoes, bell peppers, white cabbages, carrots and table beets. 25 samples were selected for each type of vegetable. Nitrate content was determined in the early spring growing period (from February 9 to May 27, 2011) and in the summer growing period (from June 3 to September 28, 2011), because in these particular periods we recorded the most frequent cases of food poisoning from nitrates among the population of the region. A clear trend has been traced towards increasing the nitrate content in food plant production, at levels which exceed the maximum permissible concentration (MPC). The results of our research demonstrate that the nitrate content exceeded the maximum permissible concentration in 9 kinds of vegetables out of the 11 selected for the investigation, which composes 82% of total production. In particular, among the selected vegetables an excess of nitrate content, above MPC was recorded in 100% of cucumbers, 92% of carrots, 40% samples of green onions, 40% of radishes, 40% of tomatoes, 28% bell peppers, and 16% of early white cabbages. However, the most significant nitrate excess, which was more than double the MPC, was observed in 56% of cucumbers, 20% of tomatoes, 8% of radishes in the early spring period and 4% of tomatoes in the summer period. Consequently, it has been established that the consumption of early vegetable production contributes to the ingestion by humans of significant amounts of nitrates. The application of an agrochemical system based upon sound measurement of the nitrate content would allow us to solve the task of increasing soil fertility and to form a deficit-free and positive balance of biogenic elements and humus in the "soil – plant – fertilizer" system and develop a system of crop production which is balanced in its chemical composition and nutritional value. To sum up, detailed determination of the factors that lead to the accumulation of nitrates in vegetable crops and the development of methods to reduce nitrate concentrations in crop production require further investigation.

57-62

Authors: O.V. Melnyk, O.P. Kornijchuk, O.I. Pershyn, Z.D. Vorobets

A significant role in the development and course of reactive arthritis (ReA) is played by T-lymphocytes as their development and systemic manifestations are based on immunological mechanisms. Additionally, the pathogenesis of many diseases is linked to changes in the structure and function of ion-transporting systems. Therefore, the aim of the study was to find out the kinetic properties of ATP-hydrolysis reaction involving Na+,K+-ATPase of peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy individuals and patients with ReA. We used the current methodological approaches to the study of ATPase activity in saponin permeabilized cells. We conducted an analysis of the kinetic properties of ouabainsensitive Na+,K+-ATPase activity of saponin-perforated peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy donors and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RеA). We found out that in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with RеA primary active transport of Na+, K+ ions is slower and less intensive, though characterised by the same capacity, as in healthy donors. The affinity constant for ATP in peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with RеA is greater by 2.9 times than its value in comparison with healthy donors. We established that in conditions of rheumatic pathology in immunocompetent cells, inhibition of Na+,K+-ATPase activity is not caused by reduction of speed of enzyme work, but by increase of affinity of ouabainsensitive Na+,K+-ATPase to ATP. At the same time, the Mg2+-binding center of Na+,K+-ATPase in patients with RеA is endogenous. We also found that affinity Na+,K+-ATPase to the ions K+ in peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy donors is 2.4 times higher than in patients with RеA. We observed that Na+,K+-ATPase of peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with RеA retains its endogenous receptor properties – sensitivity to ouabain does not change. It is assumed that under conditions of rheumatic pathology the impact on the Na+,K+-ATPase structure occurs both externally and on the cytoplasmic membrane surface. The above experimental data can be used for further clarification of the membrane mechanisms of ion exchange in immunocompetent cells of patients suffering from autoimmune diseases.

71-75

Authors: N.P. Kilochytska

From the epidemiological viewpoint the greatest threat to human health is represented by female mosquitoes in the hematophagous stage. Contact with these bloodsucking insects occurs most frequently in their places of diurnal concentration. The main daytime habitats of mosquitoes in urban areas are recreational areas, especially near water – forests, parks, botanical gardens, cemeteries, green zones in residential areas, residential buildings and buildings with livestock, basements and cellars. In the context of global warming and extreme high summer temperatures a tendency has been observed for mosquitoes to make increasing use of residential premises and outbuildings as a daytime habitat. In the Solomianskyi district of Kiev a six-year monitoring programme of mosquitoes’ diurnal habitat distribution was conducted. It showed that the majority of female mosquitoes which attacked humans (60%) were concentrated in areas of recreation and outdoors in residential areas. Simultaneously a significant number of mosquitoes was found to use as their daytime habitat places where they were in close proximity to humans – in domestic outbuildings (sheds under various uses), basements and cellars. The lion’s share of these mosquitoes was represented by Anopheles maculipennis (25%) and Culex pipiens (7,6%). At the same time a significant number of representatives of the genera Ochlerotatus (O. cantans, O. sticticus, O. cataphylla) and Aedes (Ae. v. vexans) were also recorded using residential premises as their daytime habitat on a scale which had not been previously observed for these species of mosquito. It is possible that female mosquitoes fly into livestock buildings at twilight because they are attracted by electric light and ammonia vapors. However, these factors are almost absent in basements and cellars. It remains to be noted that mosquitoes use basements and cellars as a daytime habitat at periods of hightemperatures and low humidity in the city. To test this assumption the distribution of mosquitoes was analysed during the warm season in 2010 in Solomyanskyi district with measurement of temperature at the locations of collection. It turned out that the air temperature in the sheds was 2–4 °C lower than outside in the shade, in the basements lower by 4–11 °C, and in the cellars lower by 4–12 °C. Comparison of the temperature in the daytime habitats and number of mosquitoes found there showed a direct relation between the outdoor temperature and the number of mosquitoes in the daytime habitat on the premises. The data indicate that there is a tendency for the number of synanthropic blood-sucking mosquito species to increase owing to the occupation of domestic premises as a daytime habitat by those species of mosquitoes for which this phenomenon was not typical earlier. If global warming and the current trend to increase in summer temperatures persist, this can cause a deterioration of the epidemiological situation in the megalopolis.

10-13

Authors: O. Rivis, M. Kryvtsova, V. Nikolajchuk

It is admitted that the normal human microflora plays an important role in supporting homeostasis, forming immune mechanisms and metabolism. Nowadays, there is a constant growth of different diseases due to microbiological imbalance in a human organism. Preparations containing “good bacteria” have been used for therapeutic purposes since ancient times. The mechanism of probiotics influence comprises their ability to compete for adhesion sites with the pathogens, to exhibit antagonistic activity and stimulate the immune system of a host. Most of probiotics commonly used are the spores of Bacillus. Initially the main focus of their use was the prevention of gastrointestinal disorders. So, the use of probiotics in dental practice is a poorly studied area. In recent years, probiotics have been investigated to provide the oral health. Therefore the study of using probiotics for correction of the oral microflora in people with inflammatory diseases of the periodontal tissues is promising. Our previous studies have shown changes in microbial community of an oral cavity in patients with periodontitis. In particular, the reducing number of obligate microorganisms and increasing number of pathogens was demonstrated. The paper describes the current data on the potential benefits and basic properties of the Bacillus spore probiotics, which demonstrate the viability and relevance in dental practice. The study tested antagonistic activity of commercial Bacillus probiotics "Biosporin" ("Biopharma", Ukraine), "Subalinum" ("Biopharma", Ukraine), "Normaflore" ("Sanofi-Aventis Zrt.", Hungary) and "Enterogermina" ("Sanofi-Synthelabo SpA", Italy) against clinical strains of microorganisms isolated from the oral cavity of patients with periodontitis. Thus, further studies on the role of spore probiotics in correction of the oral cavity microflora as a part of complex treatment of periodontitis should be carried out.

23-29

Authors: N. N. Donets, I. E. Sokolova, A. A. Moskalenko, A. L. Drobina, A. I. Vinnikov

The paper presents monitoring results of the spread of opportunistic and pathogenic microorganisms in patients of surgical departments of the Dniprodzerzhynsk city hospital No 7. 1464 strains of bacteria isolated from biological material of the patients from January to December 2012 were studied. Relevant standard methods of research and data interpretation in accordance with the regulatory guidelines were used. The microorganisms’ sensitivity to antibiotics was determined by the disk diffusion method. Assessment of the resistance of isolated microorganisms to antibiotics was made with the software Whonet 5.1. At the first stage of investigation sampling biological material and inoculation in the culture medium were made. The discharges of wounds, throat, nose, ears, vagina and urethra, and also urine from patients of surgical departments were sampled for bacteriological analysis. The main substratum was 5% blood agar. There may additionally be used the selective growth media (yolk-salt agar, Endo, and Saburo). At the second stage we identify microorganisms with bacterioscopic, bacteriological and biochemical methods. Identifying microorganisms of the genus Staphylococcus was made by the reaction of lecithinase presence, plasma-coagulation reaction and the mannitol oxidation reaction. For the identification of bacteria of the family Streptococcaceae the growth pattern in 0.5% sugar medium was used. It was differentiated from bacteria of the genus Enterococcus by plating onto egg yolk agar base and milk with 0.1% methylene blue. Identification of bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family was made by studying their colonies on dense differential diagnostic media. Suspicious colonies were transferred on a combined medium for primary identification (Olkenitsky's medium). Then the biochemical signs of enterobacteria were studied in the minimum number of tests. The third phase of the study included the determination of the sensitivity of microorganisms to antibiotics. To do that, we use the disc diffusion method. The antibiogram tests of isolated bacterial strains used Mueller-Hinton agar. According to the data obtained we assign of microorganisms to certain category of sensitivity: sensitive, moderately resistant or resistant. Monitoring of prevalent microorganisms showed that 61% (893 of 1464) isolates were gram-positive bacteria, 696 strains of them are staphylococci. 477 of these are identified as S. aureus, representing 68.5% of all Staphylococcus. We found coagulase negative staphylococci in 192 patients, and the strains of S. haemolyticus are dominated. Strains of the family Streptococcaceae isolated from 197 patients. Among them the E. faecalis accounted for 66% of the total number of Streptococcus. Gram negative bacteria were presented by the families Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonaceae. Enterobacteriaceae accounted for 90.7% (518 of 571). E. coli plays the leading role and accounted for 42% of all Enterobacteriaceae. The strains of P. aeruginosa were identified in 53 patients. S. haemolyticus has played an important role as a pathogen as well as S. aureus. Its resistance to antibiotics is much higher than that of S. aureus. Although S. haemolyticus is opportunistic coagulase negative, it can be isolated from patients not only with chronic, but with acute infection. Thus nowadays the strains of S. haemolyticus gained high pathogenic and virulent properties.

35-41

Authors: O. V. Goncharenko, O. O. Konovalova

The aim of this work was to study the mechanisms of action of sub-toxic dose (LD50) of the manganese chloride on cell metabolism in rats’ organs and tissues under model conditions. A model of assessment of integral response of an organism to exogenous manganese at exposure levels close to the threshold that was realized as the repeated impact of sub-toxic doses. White Wistar rats aged 3 months were injected intramuscularly with MnCl2 with the metal concentration of 50 mg/kg for 8 days. Effect of exogenous manganese load on the content of macro- and microelements, such as Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Pb, was studied in liver, heart, spleen, kidneys, muscles and bones of experimental animals the use of C-115-M1 atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Study of enzymes activity and lipid peroxidation products in serum and liver homogenates of experimental animals was conducted on a spectrophotometer Spekord UV/VIS. Hemolysis of red blood cells was determined by the Yacher method. Sorption capacity of the erythrocytes glycocalyx to alcian blue was determined by the Artsishevsky method. A study of the influence of Mn-load on the functional activity of energy metabolism was performed on a model system of rat liver mitochondria by the polarography. Intake of MnCl2 in a dose of LD50 generates weight loss of the rats by 44%, hemoglobin level decrease by 25%, and reduction of the transaminases activity by 40%. That indicates serious disorders in ions homeostasis and metabolic processes. MnCl2 load leads to a significant increase in the content of manganese in all tissues tested: the largest amount was found in the spleen (600% increase), liver (300%) and muscles (240%) as compared with the initial state. Apparently, these organs are depots of manganese. It was established that the introduction of MnCl2 in a dose of LD50 causes a redistribution of elements in the body, resulting in a significant reduction in the concentration of magnesium ions in heart, bones, muscles, liver and spleen. It was accompanied by increasing calcium content in liver, heart, muscle, kidneys and bones as well as by disorders of Ca/Mg ratios. MnCl2causes significant redistribution of the microelements in the rats’ organs. It is characterized by a decrease of copper, zinc and nickel contents in almost all studied tissues. The most antagonistic effect of manganese manifested in relation to nickel and copper in heart and spleen. A reduction of zinc content was most pronounced in spleen, while its contents in bones and kidneys almost don’t change. The study of the impact of manganese on biochemical parameters of membranes proved for the first time the malfunction of erythrocytes’ membranes. It results in increasing sorption capacity of the red blood cells glycocalyx to alcian blue. Using the erythrocyte model we established that manganese cations cause a significant increase in sorption capacity of the red blood cells (53.4 ± 1.8%) and their osmotic fragility, as evidenced by an increase of spontaneous hemolysis to 42%. The other evidence is the change of surface properties (glycocalyx), which indicated by an increase in the sialic acid content by 60% as compared with the control. The obtained data of the model study of the dynamics of the sorption capacity of erythrocytes glycocalyx to alcian blue, osmotic resistance of erythrocytes, activation of lipid peroxidation and increased level of sialic acid may be a signal that the primary mechanism of manganese intoxication is a damage of cell (plasma) membranes. The data obtained on a mitochondrial model suggests that MnCl2, acting as an antagonist of magnesium, has the ability to disturb respiration and oxidative phosphorylation that inhibits the energy metabolism of a cell. Mitochondrial oxidation of malate+glutamate was affected by MnCl2 in narrow range concentrations 3–4.5 mM that cause disengagement (3 mM) and complete inhibition (4.5 mM). The effectiveness of manganese intoxicated rats treatment with the poly-elemental phyto-complex “Valeoton” and zinc-pectin (drug-antagonist of manganese) was experimentally proved. Thus, the overall effect of manganese is its accumulation in organs and antagonistic relations to all divalent metals. Experimental results with manganese chloride loading point not only to changes in the concentrations of elements and their redistribution, but also to serious disturbances in regulation of ions homeostasis.

9-14

Authors: V. S. Bil’chuk, А. S. Rossikhina-Galycha

Influence of nickel ions on growth reaction in maize seedlings of Orjitza 237MV hybrid and the content of low-molecular antioxidants in assimilation organs are investigated. The dependence of morphometric parameters of seedling roots and sprouts on the concentration of nickel ions is established. Considerable depression of growth and development of vegetative organs at a juvenile period occurs under long-term action of the metal in concentrations of 0.05–1.00 mM/l. The changes of reduced glutathione and ascorbic acid content under nickel ions influence are found in the leaves photosynthesizing tissue of the maize seedlings. It leads to a variation of the reducing activity in the tissues. The given fact can testify to an oxidizing stress under nickel ions effect and to participation of the low-molecular antioxidants in the plants adaptation to xenobiotics influence. Period of renewal of the glutathione and ascorbic acid metabolism in experimental samples was determined by the concentration of the nickel nitrate.

20-25

Authors: O. S. Voronkova, E. A. Sirokvasha, T. N. Polishko, A. I. Vinnikov

The data on bacteriophage preparations, their features and benefits in comparison with other therapeutic agents are shown. The matters of phages production history to the present time are described. The data of phages application in clinical practice for the treatment, diagnostics, infections monitoring, sanitation of facilities and equipment, and conducting scientific research are shown. The benefits of phages drug are shown: affect only on specific sensitive bacteria, do not compromise the immunity, as opposed to antibiotics do not cause bacterial resistance, penetrate well into the humans and animals tissues, do not suppress the growth of normal flora and could be combined with any medication.

32-36

Authors: I. V. Zhernosekova

Physiological activities of Streptomyces recifensis var. lyticus P3X, culture liquid biopreparations and commercial preparations of Heteroauxin and Emistim were studed in the haricot bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Stimulation of plants’ morpho-biochemical indices by 20.2–176.3 % was shown after the application of streptomyces preparations. Commercial preparations had no stimulation effect of the plants, except the Emistim effect on germinating power. Heteroauxin and Emistim oppressed some biochemical indices of plants by 22.6–55.6 %.

42-47

Authors: O. Р. Korzhenevs’ka, O. В. Severynovs’ka

With the help of daily monitoring of blood pressure we assessed the state of the cardiovascular system of foot-platemen of the Prydniprovsk railway Pjatykhatky Depot. Foot-platemen having the I stage of arterial hypertension demonstrated the 11–17% increase of arterial pressure during daily work. It is related to inefficient adaptation to the physical and psychoemotional overloads. With aggravation of the disease the change of arterial pressure during the work, especially night work, ismisaligned and characterised by considerable structural abnormalities of the left ventricle myocardium.

54-59

Authors: M. P. Motsnyj, N. P. Botsva, О. V. Elina, Y. A. Ulanova

Dynamics of maize leaves biopotentials evoked by X-rays stimuli is analysed. Qualitative similarity in dynamics of plant’s bioelectrical response is determined. Hyperpolarization levels are quantitatively estimated for every series of the experiment. Dependence of the summarized hyperpolarization levels on photostimulus wave length is detected. The fact is ascertained that mean amplitude of hyperpolarization potentials reduces from 57.7 to 27.7 mV when the wave length decreases. Probable mechanisms of the initiation of photostimulated bioelectrical response are analysed.

71-80

Authors: I. T. Rusev, V. N. Zakusilo

Analysis of mass outbreak of tularaemia in humans of Kosovo after the mass bombardments of the territory in 1999 suggests the possible anthropogenic nature of its origin. The emergence of mass epizooty among wild mammals and mass outbreaks of the disease among people of that dangerous infection may be possible in the case of activation of natural foci, or as a result of the infection import. Natural foci of tularaemia in Kosovo were not registered earlier. Consequently, outbreaks and epizootics of tularaemia may have the anthropogenic nature.

89-95

Authors: I. G. Sushchenko, О. М. Leshchuk, I. V. Dregval, А. I. Rudenko

Basic descriptions of the rats liver microvasculature and its prognostic significance under development of pancreatitis of different severity were determined by arheography method. Increased nitric monoxide content in the rats entails even more pronounced reduction of a tone of the liver’s great vessels. The vessels of medium and small diameter are less influenced and the reductionwasshort-term. Using the rheohepatogramme indices makes possible to determine the disturbance of liver’shaemodynamicsunderthe hepatopathy development.

10-17

Authors: V. G. Ginzburg, T. N. Polichko, P. M. Polushkin, D. V. Galchenko

Taking into account modern achievements in medicine, psychology and sociology, the attempt at complex research of possible inclinations for psychostimulant, toxic agent and drug abuse among youths and students was made with the subsequent determination of the possible alternates of primary prevention. It is analysed the basic and additional risk factors promoting smoking, drinking, psychostimulant abuse, toxicomania and narcomania among young people. The dynamics of possible influences of medical, psychological and social factors is studied. The attempt of short-term prognostication and ranking was made.

24-28

Authors: K. V. Derkach

The ability of the maize inbred lines of the Lancaster germ plasm to maintain morphogenic potential of the callus under long cultivation has been estimated. The capability to long-term morphogenic callusogenesis is genotypically determined and longer in the Mo17/Oh43 subplasm line. The line of Oh43 subplasm may be the base for the long-continued cultivation of morphogenic calluses. Regenerated plants from the long-continued cultivated calluses were obtained. Promising inbreds for usage in biotechnology and breeding programs were identified.

38-43

Authors: T. Y. Lykholat, S. V. Antoniuk, V. І. Probachay

Characteristics of the receptor response of tumour growth factors in women with breast cancer varying according to the women’s age were investigated. The differences between the receptor profiles of the primary tumour and of the metastatic breast tissue have been found. The tumours characterised by a combination of antigen Ki-67 expression and hyperexpression of proliferative growth proto-oncogene Her-2/Neu are particularly aggressive. In case of such combination the hyperresistance to treatment is determined.

54-61

Authors: O. Z. Мelnikova

It’s established that under the prolonged stress there were changes of geometric and spectral indices of the rats’ heart rate variability (HRV), manifestations of which depended on duration of stressful factors acting and represented the stress reaction development from the stage of anxiety to the exhaustion phase. Application of chlorpromazine at the beginning and against the background of stress blocked the central alpha adrenoceptors and contributed to renewal of the most HRV indices into the limits of control values at the end of experiment. The results of research show that the modulation of functional state of central noradrenergic system plays a great role in the changes of HRV during prolonged stress.

70-77

Authors: T. N. Mosendz, B. M. Mytskan

The information on histometric and electron microscopic study of the muscle fibers of the rats’ rectus femoris in the norm is presented. The basic types of muscle fibers and their composition are described. The composition reflects the close morphological interdependence of the structure of myoneural junctions and elements of muscular tissue. It may determine different patterns of both reactive and destructive processes in the skeletal muscles.

85-90

Authors: Y. Y. Nikulina, I. E. Sokolova, A. I. Vinnikov

The biological properties of the vaginosis pathogens isolated from 255 pregnant patients of the Pregnancy Pathology Department of the Mechnikov Dnipropetrovsk Region Clinical Hospital were studied. It was found that all investigated microflora was represented by the Candida yeasts, Trichomonas vaginalis, Toxoplasma gondii, Chlamidia trachomatis, Gardnerella vaginalis and Leptotrix vaginalis. The yeasts of genus Candida were the most common isolated pathogens of the vaginosis in pregnant women. The presence of Candida sp., Trichomonas vaginalis, Chlamidia trachomatis and Toxoplasma gondii in the vaginal smears taken from pregnant women was accompanied by changes of the immunity cell parameters and concentration of circulating immune complexes.

98-103

Authors: P. N. Polushkin, D. V. Galchenko, M. V. Nagovska

Modern methods of the pulse diagnostics were studied, the rationality of using different methods for pulse diagnostics was evaluated and the features of criteria interpretation of the pulse diagnostics methods and its scientific validation were revealed. The attempt of preparation of the pulse diagnostics data (human sphygmograms) for the further computer processing was made. The efficiency of preliminary results was assessed by the mathematical treatment of the sphygmograms. The attempt of prognostication of the reliability of possible variants of the mathematical treatment for the computer processing was made.

111-117

Authors: A. O. Ponedilok, V. G. Gavryliuk, Y. V. Khlopova, A. I. Vinnikov

The spectrum of causative agents of nonspecific infections of the women urogenital tracts is studied. It is established that the typical etiological agents of the vaginosis are yeast-like fungi Candida albicans (35.7 %) and Escherichia coli (30.2 %), and the clinical isolates of E. coli (47.3 %) and Proteus mirabilis (15.8 %) are usual for vulvovaginitis. The frequency of detection of the causative agents of inflammatory genito-urinary diseases in women of different age groups varies: strains of E. coli are often found in patients of 1–12 years (47.3 %) and in women of 43–66 years old (36.0 %), but C. albicans – in patients of 18–42 years (39.0 %). High levels of the resistance to penicilline, tetracycline and fluoroquinolone antibiotics in selected clinical isolates of opportunistic microorganisms are determined.

125-132

Authors: I. T. Rusev, V. D. Vinnik, D. A. Sokolovskiy

In 2005 highly pathogenic avian influenza spreaded rapidly from the Central Asia along the main migration routes of wild birds includingUkraine. In the autumn, and mostly in the winter, the avian influenza was found in many countries of Europe, Asia and Africa in the places of traditional birds wintering. The paper considers the ways of importation of the avian influenza pathogens intoUkraineand the role of wild birds in the possible formation of anthropogenic and natural foci of highly pathogenic avian influenza in megapolis conditions.

140-145

Authors: O. O. Shugurov

We studied the relationship of discharges phase characteristics in ascending column of spinal cord (SC) and specificity of activation of neurones, which generate negative components of evoked potentials of SC. The discharges was recorded from SC at a level of a presence of dorsal column (DC), spinocervical and dorsal spinocerebellar tract in upper lumbar and thoracic segments at a stimulation of a nerve or DC. It is shown, that the phase of the discharges depends on the quantity of synaptic delays in generating chain of such signals. Thus, the phase of a signal can carry the additional information on specificity of activation of the sensory elements in CNS.

152-161

Authors: A. G. Morenko

The study involved 104 healthy right-handed, 19–21 years old men withthe right leading ear. The electroencephalogram oscillation amplitude in α1 and α2 subbands and the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the superficial flexor and extensor muscles of fingers of both hands are analyzed during auditory stimulation and auditorymotor activities. Changes of the α1 activity power in men reflect the processes of nonspecific activation, α2– indicate the cognitive and mnestic mechanisms of the cortex control. Established dynamic shifts correlated linearly with complexity of the tasks. In accordance with the activation processes in the cortex supraspinal motor command formed and determined the amount of motor units included in the activity, the frequency and consistency of their discharges.

8-14

Authors: M. S. Goncharenko, G. M. Timchenko

The paper describes the scientific basis of a complex estimation of functional state of the children's organisms as a whole and their adaptive responses to living conditions (anthropogenic stress, social conditions of training) depending on age and biorhythmic type. The scheme of complex estimation for the children's adaptive capacities, including estimation of functional state and functional parameters, considers age and biorhytmological characteristics. That scheme is presented as a methodological basis of the research. The necessity of determination of children's functional state depending on their age and biorhythmic type to control circadian rhythms of physiological functions is proved. It indicates the stability of the endogenous biological clocks due to interactions of nervous, endocrine, lymphatic, cardiovascular, urogenital and digestive systems.

23-27

Authors: N. S. Dyrda, O. A. Dregval, N. V. Cherevach, A. I. Vinnikov

The strain variation B-2-6 with a higher production of spores (3.93 × 109 КFU/ml in that variation vs 1.94 × 109 КFU/ml in the initial strain) and endotoxin (10.1 mcg/ml vs 4 mcg/ml respectively) was obtained by means of the ultraviolet irradiation of the В-2 strain Bacillus thuringiensis spores. Insecticidal activity of the obtained variation is characterized by the deaths of 64.3 % of the great brown twist Archips podana at the 3rd day and 97 % at the 10th day after the treatment, which is 20.4 % higher than B-2 strain activity. Possibility of the obtained variation implementation for the natural plants protection against the leaf-eating insects is under discussion.

33-40

Authors: A. V. Zhukov, T. M. Konovalova

The soil mounds emerged owing to the mole rats’ digging activity have been shown to be characterised by less electrical conductivity than surrounded soil. This effect is due to the changes of the mounds bulk’s density and moisture. The effect of the mole rats’ digging activity on the soil electrical conductivity has been found not to be restricted by the geometrical border of the mounds. The mounds are surrounded by 1–1.5 m halo of increased soil electrical conductivity. The halo size is increased with the aging of the mound and with the compacting of their aggregation.

49-55

Authors: O. N. Korinovskaya, V. N. Gryshko

The sensitivity of 33 micromycete species to nitric compounds of copper, lead, zinc, nickel and cadmium has been determined. Absidia butleri Lendn, Mortierella vanesae Dixon-Stewart, Cunninghamella echinulata Thaxte, Curvularia tuberculata Jain, Cladosporium cladosporiodes (Fresen) G. A. de Vries and Fusarium solani (C. Mart.) Appel et Wollenw are sensitive to minimal content of the heavy metals (0.75 of maximum permissible concentration (MPC)) in the growth medium. At the same time Trixoderma longibrachiatiim Rifai, Alternaria alternatа (Fr.) Keissl and Penicillium sp. 4 demonstrated moderate growth under maximal concentration (50 MPC). It is determined that minimal content of the heavy metals in the initial stage of influence (up to 48 h) promotes growth of only Fusarium oxysporum E. F. Sm. et Swingle, while retards growth of the other species.