Torun International Studies

7

Authors: Olena Cherniavska

This article examines the main factors and pre-conditions which caused the emergence of technoglobalism in the 20th century. The author identified the role of the research activity of transnational corporations in making this process more intensive, and also the main attention is concentrated on national and foreign approaches to understanding of such a new phenomenon as “technoglobalism”.

8

Authors: Nadia Kindrachuk

This article investigates anti-Ukrainian language policy in Ukraine during the 60’s – 70’s of the twentieth century, whose main objective was artificial exclusion of the use of the Ukrainian language and the acceleration of the Ukrainians’ assimilation. Narrowing the Ukrainian language in higher educational institutions of Ukraine was felt especially painfully, where the younger generation of the Ukrainians was trained and brought up. Teaching most special and general subjects in higher education resorted to Russian more and more frequently. Those features of Ukrainian higher education showed the wealth of the national language, culture, facilitated the study of their national history, promoted a national idea, the ideas of Ukrainian statehood were leveled under the influence of the Russification policy. Also, the paper examines the denationalization of the titular nation – the Ukrainian SSR by the media, which were a part of the informational space of the Soviet totalitarian state. The article reveals the destructive role of the media in narrowing the Ukrainian national outlook and “undermining” their social and psychological stability, showing a ban on national-patriotic materials in the Ukrainian printed word, radio, television. Russification of all spheres of the Ukrainian people significantly reduced the use of the Ukrainian language and formed the status of its inferiority and laid the basis for all intensive large-scale assimilation of the Ukrainians.

8

Authors: Beata Stachowiak

In this paper, the author considers the alterations that occurred in the international scientific communication. It is mainly technological development that exerts the influence over these alterations – particularly the emergence of new media. The major part of this paper is dedicated to the issue of the use of social networking sites in scientific communication. In her considerations, the author refers to the world-wide research pertaining to social media in the meantime demonstrating the attitudes of Polish scientists in connection with the former. This paper also contains the results of the research on the attendance to social networking sites of the academics from the Nicolaus Copernicus University with the particular attention paid to Research Gate. The considerations lead to the conclusions that in Poland scientists approach the possibilities offered by social media with the slight skepticism.

11

Authors: Katarzyna Kącka

The end of the Second World War necessitated making arrangements as to the future of Germany. The decisions were to be made by the allied countries – winners of the war. In the end, the decisions of the so-called “big four” states were of arbitrary nature, and German officials were not permitted to participate in talks about the future of their country. The years 1945-1947 have brought numerous important resolutions and final settlements, but were also a period of growing disagreement within the victorious coalition. True end of their collaboration came about in 1947, and the matter of Germany became a bargaining chip in the Cold War conflict. The aim of this study is, above all, to present the role of the most important decision-making institution after the war: the Council of Foreign Ministers. The paper also presents the respective positions of the four great powers as to the participation of Germany, Poland and so-called “small countries” in determining the future of Germany.

12

Authors: Oleksii Chugaiev

The article provides a review of national economic image, brand, and soft economic power evaluation methods based on opinion polls or objective indicators. The author elaborates and tests a webometric method for evaluation of specific components of national economic image and soft power. National economic image is measured as the share of positive messages in total number of messages about economy of a country. Soft economic power is described as national economic image adjusted for absolute amount of positive economic information about a country. Various key words and expressions are used for web search query to analyze specific components of economic image (trade, inflation, finance, budget, quality, competitiveness, investment, business, corruption, corporate governance, wages, economic cooperation or conflicts, economic growth or crisis). The advantages and limitations of the suggested approach are discussed. The sample for testing the method includes Poland, Ukraine, Russia, Turkey, Romania, Germany, and Moldova. Germany and Poland have almost no major weaknesses, while Russia and Ukraine have almost no major strengths among economic image components. Germany is a soft power leader in the majority of areas, followed by Russia, Turkey and Poland. Ukraine, Romania, and Moldova can improve their image and soft power by better real economic performance and wider coverage of positive economic information about these countries.

14

Authors: Magdalena Redo

Economic changes in the Eastern bloc countries which currently belong to the European Union can be characterized as incredibly strong and important. In the process of catching up with the general development, some problems have been reduced. Unfortunately, other issues are starting to increase. The main aim of the present review is to show changes of the period 2003-2014 in major economic areas of these countries and also to point out potential sources of economic issues in the future

6

Authors: Roman D. Stakanov

Upon signature of the Association Agreement Ukraine has gained an opportunity to deepen its integration into the European labour market. Such integration plays an important role given the fact that about half of the labour migration is directed towards the EU and the share of remittances from the EU amounts to over 30% of total revenues from migrant workers. The Agreement stipulates that the EU and Ukraine shall make joint endeavours to tackle the root causes of migration, establish an effective against illegal migration while legally employed workers from Ukraine and the EU shall guaranteed equal rights and the need to expand the number of bilateral agreements on employment between Ukraine and the EU Member States is declared as well. The Agreement provides for separate provisions on temporary presence of natural persons for business purposes that allow for employment of “key personnel” as well as for rendering of commercial services under a simplified procedure of stay in the host country. However, liberalisation of access of migrants from Ukraine applies primarily to skilled migration that generally corresponds to the common trend of implementing the EU immigration policy today. However, the issue of access to the national labour markets of the main part of labour migrants from Ukraine still remains in the domain of bilateral relations between Ukraine and the EU host countries.

8

Authors: Ewa Jankowska

The quality of life is one of the main categories of the researches conducted in sociological, psychological and social sciences. It is related to assessment of the degree of satisfaction of the needs of the society. The increase of the quality of life is the symptom of economic and social development that takes place in the country. The assessment of satisfy of the needs is done with using the special tools which are known as the social indicators. In this article, the author: • introduced the different definitions of the categories of quality of life, which are used in sociological, psychological and economics sciences • presented the concept of human needs, and • showed the concept of the social indicator as a tool used to measure the quality of life of individuals and society.

9

Authors: Olena Shkrobanets

In this article the author has explored the role of Ukrainian think tanks, notably the Razumkov Center and Gorshenin Institute, in the formation of public opinion on the European integration policy of Ukraine during the period of 2007–2013. As a result of content analysis of these analytic institutes’ information materials it is concluded that the consolidated public opinion on the problem of European integration of Ukraine was not formed as Ukrainian citizens did not obtain from Ukrainian analytical structures complete, accurate and unambiguous information on this actual issue.

11

Authors: Piotr Siemiątkowski

The article presents the structure of net international investment position (NIIP) of Poland and on that basis to specify the degree of financial dependence of our country on external business entities. The stated data unequivocally points to the essential disproportion between the amount of capital which inflows to Poland and the stream of its outflow. Additionally, a part of external liabilities are the foreign portfolio investments and the remaining foreign investments, which are usually of speculation nature. It causes a considerable degree to which Polish economy is dependent on the foreign capital.

7

Authors: Monika Bartczak

The article presents a historical aspect of development of the right to privacy in the American legal system. The considerations bring closer the most significant issues concerning the privacy protection presented among U.S. case-law and doctrine

9

Authors: Grzegorz Górniewicz

The present paper concerns a crucial problem of contemporary public finances, that is the public debt. Apart from the definition, the causes and methods of incurring debt , the present paper demonstrates the acceptable limits of being indebted. Furthermore, the paper presents the scale of public debt in the world and the current status of public finances of Spain (one of the most indebted countries).

11

Authors: Katarzyna Kącka

The purpose of this article is to present the silhouette of Józef Winiewicz – “a man of the Congress” who throughout almost the entire period of World War II collaborated with the Ministry of Congress Works as part of the Polish government-in-exile, and later worked for the Bureau of Congress Works in post-war Poland. Only his activities undertaken during his stay in Britain and later in Poland, and related to the works carried out by the above institutions in the years 1940 to 1947 are presented here. His chief responsibilities included development and presentation of Polish demands for the future peace treaty with Germany.

11

Authors: Rita Zablotska

In this article author analyzes main issues of Ukrainian service market integration within the international competition environment. It is proved that institution and transaction costs are one of the key factors in the development of the modern Ukrainian trade in services sector. The author examines them as a basis for competitive advantages in the process of internation- al exchange in services.

7

Authors: Monika Bartczak

The article deals with an outline history of development of the right to privacy in the legal system of the United Kingdom. It is also to serve as a critical analysis of existing in this legal system contemporary model of privacy protection formed by the mutual relation between jurisdiction, statute law norms and the correlation between the right to privacy and the right to information and freedom of speech.

13

Authors: Piotr Siemiątkowski

In the present study compared the progress made in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe twenty years after the transition. The analysis have been selected economic aspects of the functioning of economies such former Eastern Bloc countries like Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Hungary, Ukraine and Belarus. The article in addition to countries, which together with the Polish came in 2004 to the European Union included, because of the immediate neighborhood, Ukraine and Belarus. Their inclusion in the analysis for comparative purposes seems to be the most appropriate, because they have chosen a different path from the rest of the development, as a sovereign country.

18

Authors: Beata Stachowiak

This article will discuss selected aspects of the transformation of Lithuanian, German, Polish, Czech Republic and Ukraine to the information society. The author will conduct reflections of the historical and demographic perspectives. This approach to problems is rare, much more likely to be taken into account aspects of infrastructure and technology. In addition, reflections of the author will be enriched by the results of the level of preparation of students for active functioning in the information society. The research was conducted by the author in the academic year 2009/2010 at six universities in these countries.

7

Authors: Ewa Jankowska

The quality of life is one of the main categories of the social statistics research. It is related to assessment of the degree of satisfaction of the needs of the population, which is a symptom of economic and social changes taking place in the country. The assessment of satisfy of the needs is done with using the tools known as the social indicators. In this article, the author: • presented the different definitions of the categories of quality of life, • introduced the concept of human needs, and • showed the concept of the social indicator as a tool used to measure the quality of life of individuals and society.

11

Authors: Iryna Harechko

The author has proposed the division of the mechanisms of citizens’ e-participation in two groups - mandatory or recommendation. There is considered successful experience of the mechanism of e-elections/e-referendum and e-rulemaking, the results of which are binding on the central and local authorities. There are analyzed a number of advisory nature mechanisms (e.g., e-discussion, e-initiative, e-reference, etc.). It is concluded that e-mechanisms for citizens’ participation may improve the traditional democratic process, give more technical and political opportunities for the inclusion of citizens in the political process and cause the increasing of government’s transparency.

13

Authors: Małgorzata Klimczak

In period between 1978 till 1995 on North West of India above all in Punjab took place conflict between Sikh’s separatist groups and Indian authorities . The reason of the conflict was Sikh’s separatists armed struggle for independent state Khalistan. It’s territory would include Indian state Punjab. Indian authorities could not allow for violation of Indian territorial integrity. Conflict last almost 20 years between the others thanks to Sikh’s diaspora and Pakistan support. The subject of article entitled ,, Pakistan support for Sikh’s separatist movement” is characteristic of this support: reasons, forms and answer for a question why it has been radically limited in the beginning of ninth decade of XX century.