INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

101-104

Authors: Rashmi Urkude

Modern pesticide formulation technology aims to prolong shelf-life as much as possible so as to optimize the biological activity of the pesticide and to give a product which is safe and convenient for use. However, Pesticides in sealed containers may change over time if the active ingredient changes chemically or the formulation of the pesticide breaks down. Therefore, pesticide store should be inspected regularly for signs of deterioration. Since quality and performance is the major constraint faced by the users, commercially available and widely used emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulations of bifenthrin (10 per cent) was assessed with (GC-FID) for technical grade content in storage on the shelf in farm store room for the period of 30 months. The per cent active ingredient (a.i.) for bifenthrin from 0 month to 30 months were found in the range between 10.17 and 10.46 per cent (Permissible tolerance limit as per BIS Specification is 9.50 to 10.50). Keeping in view the expiry period of 2 years, the tested formulation sample was found stable and unaffected during the storage.

81-91

Authors: Divya Ghildyal

Ghaziabad also known as gateway of Uttar Pradesh India, has its boundary adjacent to Delhi. It is one of the highly populated districts, with major source of water from Hindon river. Since Ghaziabad is home to many industries which discharge their waste into the river which has become highly polluted. Another major problem is the dumpage of sewage waste into the river resulting in high Fecal Coliforms. The aim of our study was to statistically analyse the data of water samples collected from April 2017 to April 2018, to find out the effect of seasonal variation of different parameters under study ie DO, BOD, Other forms of Coliform and Fecal Coliform. All parameters were analysed with standard methods as stated by APHA. No DO was reported in any season, levels of BOD, Fecal Coliforms and Other forms of coliforms were found too high, compared to the standards stated by UPPCB. Correlation Matrix and Regression Analysis found an approximately similar correlation between BOD and Fecal Coliform in summer and rainy season, but totally different results were obtained in winter season. Our study is one of the first approaches to judge the level of correlation between BOD and Coliforms for summer, rainy and winter season. The study highlights the major problem associated with industrial, sewage and other forms of waste being dumped in the river without any treatment which leads to oxygen depletion, a major requirement for survival of aquatic life in water. Since BOD levels partly reflect the degree of organic pollution associated with fecal sources in this river system, it is of great significance to observe the relationships of coliforms and BOD levels. The study in itself suggests that faecal coliform and total coliform vs BOD can be used as pollution indicator for further research work on water pollution.

47-50

Authors: Theng AD

FHS is either neglected or poorly considered as a problem until it shows severe appearance. Inadequate posture leads poor joint movements and may cause pain. Increased usage of smartphone is going to be a challenge of maintaining correct posture as concurrently there are increased reports of neck pains among small age groups. In present study we tried to establish a correlation between mobile usage time and craniovertebral angle. Total 60 PG students between age group 18-25 were participated in study. Mobile usage time and craniovertebral angle were measured in single blind study. Our results showed highly significant (p<0.001) correlation between mobile usage time with cranio-vertebral angle (CVA) leading musculoskeletal discomfort in the participants.

41-43

Authors: A. Shubham Banerjee, B. Arnab Jyoti Mandal and C. Sandipta Mondal

From the very first day of refrigerators stepping into the common people’s lives, they have been performing the noble task of preserving the food of fellow humans by storing them in a cold atmosphere. But, the conventional domestic refrigerators we use is only limited to storing food materials in a cold atmosphere irrespective of the temperature of the edible product. People tend to directly put in their food products into the cold atmosphere despite of keeping the temperature of the food itself in mind, which ultimately leads to a lot of chemical changes in the food product because of the abrupt temperature swift. Hence in our experiment, we have implemented a separate chamber attached to the domestic refrigerator with the help of Arduino UNO, Temperature Sensor, Servo Motor and a Ventilation Cooling Fan which saves one’s time and takes care of individual health meal by bringing the food stored, down to the room temperature in a natural way and then automatically shifts the food directly into the refrigerator.

47-49

Authors: Tamlurkar HL

Sewage water and industrial effluent samples were collected from selected point where they are used for irrigating the agricultural fields. The HCH-isomers were found to present in these waters while another organochlorine compound and DOT were absent. Amongst HCH- isomers, β-HCH was found higher in all samples.

1-7

Authors: Inyang EP (Ph.D.), Inyang EP and Latif MB (Ph.D.)

The correlation between TL response of synthetic fused quartz with 60Co gamma source and 90Sr/90Y beta source are discussed. In the present study the thermoluminescence response of two batches of synthetic fused quartz irradiated simultaneously with gamma and beta rays were obtained with Thermo Electron Corporation manual TLD Reader Model number 3500 TLD reader. The result revealed that this phosphor tends to exhibit a very close TL glow shapes for different test doses using the two irradiation sources. There seems to be a significant relationship in the dose response and the fading of the phosphor with the different irradiation sources. The seeming distinct properties of this phosphor with the two types of irradiators suggest the suitability of this material for mixed radiation dosimetry.

17-28

Authors: Gupta Swaroopa Rani N (Ph.D.)

The Antarctic is a polar region around the Earth's South Pole, opposite the Arctic region around the North Pole. The Antarctic comprises the continent of Antarctica and the island territories located on the Antarctic Plate. All of the land and ice shelves south of 60°S latitude are administered under the Antarctic Treaty System. Biogeographically, the Antarctic ecozone is one of eight ecozones of the Earth's land surface. History: Millions of years ago, Antarctica was warmer and wetter, and supported the Antarctic flora. Antarctica was also part of the ancient supercontinent of Gondwanaland, which gradually broke up by continental drift starting 110 million years ago. The separation of South America from Antarctica 30-35 million years ago allowed the Antarctic Circumpolar Current to form, which isolated Antarctica climatically and caused it to become much colder. The Antarctic flora subsequently died out in Antarctica, but is still an important component of the flora of southern Neotropic (South America) and Australasia, which were also former parts of Gondwana. Ecoregions: Four Antartica tundra ecoregions are recognized: Marielandia Antarctic tundra, Maudlandia Antarctic desert, Scotia Sea Islands tundra, Southern Indian Ocean Islands tundra Time zones: Because Antarctica surrounds the South Pole, it is theoretically located in all time zones. People: The first Antarctic land discovered was the island of South Georgia in 1675. The first confirmed sighting of the continent of Antarctica is commonly accepted to have occurred in 1820. The Antarctic region had no indigenous population when first discovered, and its present inhabitants comprise a few thousand transient scientific and other personnel working on tours of duty at the several dozen research stations maintained by various countries. Wildlife: A variety of animals live in Antarctica for at least some of the year, including: Seals, Penguins, South Georgia pipits, Albatrosses, Antarctic petrels, Whales, Fish, such as Antarctic icefish, Antarctic toothfish, Squid, including the colossal squid, Antarctic krill. Scientists confirmed the existence of microorganisms living 800 metres below the ice of Antarctica. Cod icefish (Nototheniidae), as well as several other families, are part of the Notothenioidei suborder, collectively sometimes referred to as icefish. The suborder contains many species with antifreeze proteins in their blood and tissue, allowing them to live in water that is around or slightly below 0 °C. Most of the Antarctic continent is permanently covered by ice and snow, leaving less than 1 percent of the land exposed. There are only two species of flowering plant, Antarctic hair grass (Deschampsia antarctica) and Antarctic pearlwort (Colobanthus quitensis), but a range of mosses, liverworts, lichensand macrofungi. Blue Ice: Blue ice is exposed in areas of the Antarctic where there is no net addition or subtraction of snow. That is, any snow that falls in that area is counteracted by sublimation or other losses. These areas have been used as runways due to their hard surface, which is suitable for aircraft fitted with wheels rather than skis. Frozen blue towers were created when ice was compressed and the trapped air bubbles were squeezed out. During the summer the surface ice melts and new ice layers compress on top. The ice appears blue because when when light passes through thick ice, blue light is transmitted back out but red light is absorbed. If the bubbles were not compressed they would scatter the light, meaning it would all be reflected back out and it would appear white. Icebergs in the Antarctic area sometimes have stripes, formed by layers of snow that react to different conditions. Blue stripes are often created when a crevice in the ice sheet fills up with meltwater and freezes so quickly that no bubbles form. When an iceberg falls into the sea, a layer of salty seawater can freeze to the underside. If this is rich in algae, it can form a green stripe. Brown, black and yellow lines are caused by sediment, picked up when the ice sheet grinds downhill towards the sea. This paper reviews study of the climate, weather, geology, and wildlife of Antartica which is a remarkable continent – remote, hostile and uninhabited. This frozen continent is key to understanding how our world works, and our impact upon it. Antarctica is important for science because of its profound effect on the Earth's climate and ocean systems..

35-40

Authors: Sushant Mane, Sujit Sundaram, Abhay Hule, Milind Sawant and Deshmukh VD

Length weight relationships (LWR) of seven species of commercially important penaeid prawns were established from Maharashtra waters. The coefficient of correlation (r2) for various parameters ranged from 0.80 to 0.99, indicating high degree of relationship. The present studies indicated that the LWR between the sexes were significantly different and therefore, it was necessary to use separate expressions for males and females. The slope of LWR of males and females ranged from 2.6515 to 3.5602. Peak values for condition factor (Kn) of Penaeus merguiensis was observed during February, Metapenaeus monoceros during June, M. affinis during February, M. brevicornis during December, Parapeneopsis strylifera in August, P. sculptilis during July and Solenocerra crassicornis during September.