LLT Journal: A Journal on Language and Language Teaching

2

Authors: Carla Sih Prabandari, Gregorius Punto Aji, Made Frida Yulia

Relevance and meaningfulness of the content courses need to be established to make learners realize that the knowledge acquired in the clasroom can be utilized to give contributions to society. This research is aimed at designing a learning model integrating ESP course and Service Learning Program. ESP is a subject designed to enable students to design ESP programs. The integration of ESP and SLP allows students to exercise their skills in designing an ESP program, which is eventually implemented as one of their SLP programs. The current research is targeted to describe what the learning model design integrating ESP Course and Service Learning Program looks like.

4

Authors: Truly Almendo Pasaribu

Speeches are products of human minds reflecting ideas and opinions of the speakers. Crystal (1987) mentions that the way people use language does not only give us information about their geographical, ethnic and social background, but it also reflects the type of context in which they are communicating. As an interesting feature of a language, metaphors in political speeches can be powerful and persuasive. This research aimed at finding the source domains of political metaphors in Joko Widodo’s speeches, namely: his victory speech and his inaugural speech. These speeches were chosen to be analyzed due to their distinct context and setting. To achieve the goal of the study, the paper explicated Lakoff and Johnson’s Contemporary Theory of Conceptual Metaphor (1980, 1992). The findings and discussion argue that the speeches use more positive metaphors of “unity” rather than metaphors of “battle or competition”. Furthermore, the texts also conceptualize Indonesian political realm as a journey and navigation, which give the audience a sense of progress. The maritime metaphors in particular are abundant in the two speeches because they reflect one of Widodo’s visions to strengthen Indonesian maritime.

6

Authors: Martha Pritzanda Pudhika

The use of authentic videos has been implemented in Critical Listening and Speaking 1 (CLS 1) class. For instance, the use of The Toughest Place to be a Binman video. This video gives the students meaningful experiences. The students do not only get the material but they can also get social and environment issues that appear in the video. After watching the video, the students are expected to have their own experience towards the use of The Toughest Place to be a Binman video in CLS 1. Therefore, the aim of this research was to have a better understanding on the students’ lived experience on The Toughest Place to be a Binman in CLS 1. This research employed phenomenology study because this research focused on the students’ lived experience. As a research result, the research showed the participants’ stories and the interpretation. There were four emerging themes that appeared from the data processed. Those were meaningfulness, compassion, motivation, and action. Those four themes connected between each other.

8

Authors: Reli Handayani

Mastering argumentative discourse both in written and oral is a must for students nowadays. However, a successful argumentative discourse requires high thinking order skill such as developing a stance, analyzing arguments, distinguishing facts and opinions, solving problems, comparing and contrasting material, and making inferences. Realizing the importance roles of critical thinking in constructing argumentative discourse, this study focuses on students’ performance in debate specifically argument, counter-argument, and rebuttals. They are chosen since they are always taken into consideration in assessing students’ debate performance.

2

Authors: Chezia Eufresia Isworo

Program Pengalaman Lapangan (PPL) or School-based Practicum is one of the compulsory courses that must be taken by all English Language Education Study Program (ELESP) Sanata Dharma University students. PPL requires the students, who are called practice teachers, to do teachers’ job at school. As English practice teachers, there is a possibility that they might face a lot of problems related to the condition and situation in the school, either from the students’ side, teachers’ side, or other factors. This research focuses on junior high school students’ problems of speaking and the possible solutions to the problems based on the ELESP students’ experiences as English practice teachers. From the findings, it is expected that future practice teachers and English teachers can anticipate similar problems and apply the possible solutions when they work at schools

4

Authors: Tiara Maria Dewi, Yuseva Ariyani Iswandari

In this research, scaffolding is implemented in English class of the 8th grade students of SMP Joannes Bosco Yogyakarta when they learn about recount text. This research aims to find out the process of how scaffolding is implemented and to know what the benefits of scaffolding in writing recount text. There were two research problems. The first was “How is scaffolding for the 8th grade students of SMP Joannes Bosco in writing a recount text?” and the second was “What are the benefits of scaffolding in writing a recount text in SMP Joannes Bosco Yogyakarta?” The writers conducted a descriptive qualitative research in this study. The data was gathered by interviewing the English teacher, writing on the field notes, distributing the questionnaires, and interviewing the students. Analyzing the students’ writings was used as the supplementary data to make the result stronger. The result of this study showed that the implementation of scaffolding gave benefits for the students. The benefits were challenging the students through deep learning and discovery, engaging the students in meaningful and dynamic discussions in the small and the large classes, and motivating the learners to become better students. In conclusion, scaffolding does give benefits for the students so that teachers are able to use scaffolding as one of the effective teaching techniques.

6

Authors: Yohana Vita Lelita

Speaking skill is a skill that is judged first than other skills by someone in many languages. This perspective is the underlying reason why ELESP students are demanded to have good speaking ability. Having a good speaking ability will also give them many other benefits. Based on the researcher’s personal experiences as the first semester student and experiences of doing micro teaching in Speaking I class, it was found that some ELESP students’ speaking ability was not good enough. This study aims to find out the language learning strategies ELESP students applied to improve their speaking ability and the use of those strategies in relation to the students’ self-efficacy by distributing questionnaire and conducting interview.

2

Authors: Adhi Nurhartanto

Many studies have been conducted to find the effect of recast as a feedback on students. Some studies have also revealed that recast is found to be less effective. This study is aimed to find the effect of recast to students with different learning strategies in an EFL context in Indonesia. The study is conducted using quasi-experimental design. The research instruments include LLSQ questionnaire and speaking test. The results reveal that recast may be effective for students with certain dominance of learning strategies.

4

Authors: Yohana Veniranda

The purpose of the study is to analyze the acoustic properties of the oral and nasal vowels, in terms of the values of the formants, the fundamental frequencies, the anti-formants, the intensity, and the bandwidths. The data were recorded and analyzed using the Praat program. The results show that there are changes of the average values of all the properties. The fundamental frequencies of the nasal vowels are all higher than their counterpart oral vowels. The hypothesis is correct for this acoustic property. However, by the test of significance t-test, only the nasal [ã] and diphthong [ũã] have significantly higher frequencies. The results of the average of intensity show that nasal vowels/ diphthongs may not always have higher intensity than their counterpart oral vowels/ diphthongs.

6

Authors: Vindy Cahya Ekaningrum, Carla Sih Prabandari

The students’ perception on the teacher instruction shows whether the teaching techniques meet the students’ need or not. Because of this reason, the researcher wants to find out the varieties of pre-reading activities used by the teacher and the students’ perception on the implementation of the pre-reading activities. There were two problem formulations in this study: 1) What kinds of pre-reading activities that are used by Basic Reading II teacher in the English Language Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University? 2) How is the students’ perception on pre-reading activities used by the teacher? This research was a survey research. In gathering the data, there were two instruments used in this research. They were interview and questionnaire. The interview was done by interviewing the teacher of Basic Reading II Class. The interview was used to answer the first research question about the varieties of pre-reading activities in Basic Reading II class. Then, the researcher distributed the questionnaire to 56 students of Basic Reading II class. The questionnaire was used to answer the second research question about the students’ perception on pre-reading activities used by the teacher. The result of this research showed that brainstorming, pre-teaching vocabulary, pre-questioning, visual aids, and KWL strategy were the varieties of pre-reading activities used by the teacher. There were two different implementation of pre-teaching vocabulary. There were also two activities combined together, they were the use of visual aids and KWL strategy. The students had positive perception on the implementation of pre-reading activities in Basic Reading II Class.

2

Authors: Maria Asumpta Deny Kusumaningrum

The major purpose of this paper is to reveal how to implement English movies in teaching English as foreign Language to senior high school students. English as Foreign Language is implemented as the compulsory subject to learn in senior high school in Indonesia. Unfortunately, beyond the implementation, the fact that not all pupils enjoy learning English occurs. Realizing that fact, teacher should find a strategy to attract students’ attention to learn EFL. Moreover, using English movies to teach English can be the answer. In the application, teacher can use English movies to teach four skills. They include listening, speaking, and also writing skills. By using English movies, teacher can also teach grammar and introduce new vocabulary to students. Furthermore, the belief that everyone loves watching movies strengthens the teacher’s confidence to use English movies as an attractive strategy to teach English as a Foreign Language to senior high school students.

4

Authors: Gatri Asti Putri Indarti

Distinguishing entailment from presupposition is quite difficult because their semantic relation seems to be similar. Both entailment and presupposition have an automatic relationship based on the context. However, those semantic relations can still be differentiated by using negation test to show whether a pair is entailment or presupposition. This research focuses on sentences and utterances. Thus, this research aims to analyze and test pairs of entailment and pairs of presupposition by using negation in utterances. The data were twelve comic strips from the Internet and they were analysed by using a negation test. The analysis shows that negation test is useful to test entailment and presupposition in the comic strips. It can be concluded that the difficulty of distinguishing pair of entailment and presupposition in the comic strip using negation test has been successfully solved. In this case, negation test is suitable to test entailment and presupposition. This research can be developed further by other researchers to distinguish entailment and presupposition by using another test if the negation test cannot be used to any further extent.

6

Authors: Ratnasari Nugraheni

In ESL context, learners may have less attention to the use of conjunctions. In fact, the use of conjunctions in L2 learners’ writings is crucial since it is one type of cohesive devices. This paper aims to find the cohesive devices of conjunctions used by the learners. Through analyzing eight learners’ essays, the writer found 37 forms and 12 types of conjunctions in the learners’ essays. The most significant form of conjunctions was‘and’, whereas the most significant types of conjunction as ‘addition’. Moreover, the writer also found some inappropriate use of conjunctions, which are grouped into five, namely, unclassified, wrong mechanism, L1 interference, wrong forms of conjunctions, and grammatical error.

2

Authors: Monica Ella Harendita

The ever-changing development of digital technology has become a scapegoat that exacerbates literacy. In scrutinising this issue, this article counters the simplistic view on literacy. Instead, it views literacy as socially, culturally and historically constructed. Therefore, the traditional definition of literacy, which is the ability to read and write, may not fit the digital age. This article discusses how digital technologies have reshaped the nature of literacy. After discussing literacy, and the Internet in general and Web 2.0 in particular, this paper presents some implications for language teachers in dealing with the “altered” literacy practices. First, critical literacy should be embedded in classroom practices so as to make students critically evaluate the free-flowing information on the Internet. Second, language teachers should nurture participatory culture of the students by encouraging collaboration among them.

4

Authors: Concilianus Laos Mbato

Curriculum, and its ensuing syllabus, may reflect various competing ideologies rather than merely being a vehicle to promote quality teaching and education. In practice, English teachers may have to encounter and confront an imposed curriculum, and syllabus, in thier EGP classes. Despite such imposition, this article argues that they can and should adopt a flexible approach to the document in order to cater for learners’ varied and changing learning needs. To achieve the aim, this article draws on theories of curriculum and discusses core issues in the teaching of English for Specific Purposes. A particular focus is then given to teaching practices in EGP classrooms where teachers interpret and implement a curriculum. A flexible model to the syllabus is offered.

6

Authors: Herujiyanto Herujiyanto

Without denying the truth of the so-called silent enim leges inter arma [Law stands mute in the midst of arms], this paper makes use of the analytical perspectives of New Criticism, Russian Formalism and Structuralism to look into Arifin C. Noer’s play named Moths. It is admitted that literary critics often define their assumptions about literary work and the better way to go about reading it (and writing about it). The New Critics, Russian Formalists and the Structuralists are only three of them. According to Ian Ousby, the three groups can be described as formalists; they share a common conception: a work is autotelic, that is, complete in itself, written for its own sake, and unified by its form – that which makes it a work of art.1 Looking closer at the three movements, we would undoubtedly find that they are not exactly the same. The New Critics, for example, explicitly repudiated English Romanticism and its radical tradition while Russian Formalists merely attacked the utilitarian and social tradition.2 Then, Russian Formalists were concerned with the way in which the individual work of art was perceived differently against the background of the literary system as a whole. The Structuralists, however, set themselves the task of describing the organization of the total sign-system itself by dissolving the individual unit back into the langue of which it is a partial articulation.3 The end goal of this study is, thus, to find the possible ways to go about reading the play; to see how the playwright seems to write about his work; and to have a better understanding of the nature of the play.