Eastern European Journal for Regional Studies

12

Authors: Cristina LAZARIUC, Ecaterina LOZOVANU

Today we are the subjects and witnesses of the continuous development and transformation of society, which has made rapid leaps from modern to the informational and knowledge-based society. In this sense, in order to ensure technological, economic and social progress, Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) must become the only key element for protecting ideas, stimulating innovation and creativity, designing and contributing to the creation of technology. In this article the authors emphasize the need to address IPR in the context of global ethics, because IPR is also the social responsibility and moral duty of every global citizen, whether creative or consumer, to respect the cultural and intellectual heritage of humanity and to contribute to its diversification and to overcome the challenges of the contemporary world in the digital age. In the current context of the globalization of economic, social and even spiritual life, the need for morality of people is becoming more and more pressing, on which we will continue to focus our concerns, because any new issue addressed includes a component of global ethics.

17

Authors: Iulianna LUPASCO

Intellectual property behind the scenery of clinical research present a very special issue in scientific field presenting a deep underestimation of the main precious production of scientific researchers – production of mind, intellect, knowledge, clinical practice and research. In this article are highlighted main questions the young researches and not only young ones face while generating ideas, developing into nice projects. In this topic are discussed the main types of intellectual property in clinical research with a short introduction how the law protects them on a national level and why intellectual property is important for every clinical scientist. The literature review is closely intertwined with our own observations over the years in terms of intellectual property. Finally, the main benefits of intellectual property protection for clinical researchers will be presented empowering with new contacts and scientific innovation leaders from other places of the world.

18

Authors: Nataliya SOROKA

Exceptions and limitations are an integral part of any effective copyright systems, they play a crucial role in striking a fair balance between the interests of the creators and rightholders, on the one hand, and those of the users of the protected works, on the other. The exceptions and limitations serve to secure such fundamental values as freedom of expression and information, freedom of art, science, research and education. Since the exceptions and limitations are not fully harmonised in the European Union, the lack of legal certainty is being cured by the caselaw of the Court of Justice. The role of the Court preliminary rulings in interpreting the relevant legal provisions and providing clarifications as to their application cannot be overemphasised. Moreover, in recent cases the Court of Justice considered the exceptions and limitations to copyright in the light of the European Convention on Human Rights and the settled caselaw of the European Court of Human Rights. Therefore, it is an opportunity for us to observe the growing attention of the Court of Justice to the human rights and fundamental freedoms protected by the European Convention.

22

Authors: Emmanuel Obed DADZIE, Ionela Gabriela MATEI

In order to encourage creative work and prevent possible abuses, the field of intellectual property must be well regulated; from a legislative point of view. This present era which is characterized by continuous technological progress is experiencing a boost in relevance of intellectual property; thereby becoming one of the key elements of industries. This has made players of markets to become aware of the need to ensure protection of intellectual property rights. Hence, financial integration is a key element which can be affected by intellectual property and the innovation process involved. This paper analyses the correlation between international financial integration and intellectual property. Also, the analysis focuses on European Union (EU) member countries and Moldova in assessing the effects of intellectual property and international financial integration. Fixed-effect panel estimation and the ordinary least squares model are used in the analysis.The analysis has been conducted over the last two decades to see the differences that intellectual property has had over financial integrationover periods of time that have had extremely different economic oscillations. The results of this research provide an update on the analysis effects of intellectual property on international financial integration and it shows a negative relationship between them. Hence, this depicts that when intellectual property is carefully considered by firms and governmental institutions, it can be a major source of revenue for the stakeholders and the economy at large.

25

Authors: Dok Hee OH, Aliaksei DANILCHANKA, Boris ZHALEZKA, Volha SINIAUSKAYA

The article demonstrates the impact of digitalization on the political system and economy of the Republic of Korea based on the IT-revolution of the XXI century. Research methods used include comparative, system and logical data analysis, and the investigation of the digitalization trends. Data from Korean National Statistical Office and other official open sources are used for the determination of the main digitalization trends in the Korean economy. An analysis of specific phenomena arising in the economy and society as a whole is carried out under conditions of the digital economy. The evolution of the digitalization of hardware and software in the Republic of Korea is presented. The consequences of the transition of the economy from analogue to digital are revealed in such areas as the structure of the economy and business model, economic integration and liberalization, resource allocation and balanced development of regions, the role of government, and the intellectual property system.

27

Authors: Vladlena LISENCO

The article contains analyze of the legal regulation of the protection of intellectual property rights and practice of competitive strategies for the protection of intellectual property using best legal practices of EU countries and Eurasian Economic Union. Legal confirmation of intellectual property right, in fact, means that the state realizes the importance of culture and progress for the preservation and development of society. Protection of the results of creativity, intellectual activity is associated with the protection of individual freedom, human rights. The features of the competitive environment and competitive mechanism in the innovation economy has been analyzed as well as influence of competition on the behavior of economic agents in the innovative economic system. The paper includes analyzes the logic and economics of non-competitive behavior of companies and states in the EU single market and examines the functions of the Directorate of the European Commission for Competition. The EU competition policy tools are flexible and that they take into account the most diverse interests of the single market. The policy of the Eurasian Union as a whole is aimed at the implementation by the member states of measures in competitive policy and contributes to the launch of joint research and industrial projects, allows to increase the competitiveness of products, reduce production costs, ensure joint access to the external market.

9

Authors: Liudmila LAPIȚKAIA, Alexandru LEAHOVCENCO

This article addresses issues related to recognition, evaluation and reflection in accounting cryptocurrency in accordance with IFRS. Should be noted, that there is currently no specific IFRS standard that would disclose these issues. The article also discusses the debatable issues of recognition in the accounting of crypto-currencies. However, this article discusses the possibility of recognizing cryptocurrency as an asset and the way of application of IFRS for evaluation and recording of the cryptocurrencies. In this situation, it becomes necessary at the regulatory level to consolidate the rules for accounting for cryptocurrencies. This can be done in various ways, for example: to introduce additions to a number of International financial reporting standards, or to elaborate a separate IFRS that would disclose the features of accounting for cryptocurrencies.

13

Authors: Corneliu MUNTEANU

The so called „captured states” are the countries with oligarchic control of political power. This term is used frequently to describe the Eastern Partnership countries – Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine. That inevitably puts pressure on the resilience of these three countries, in addition to Russia’s aggressive campaigns, carried out with or without the use of conventional weaponry. We underline several aspects of the „hybrid war” waged by Russia against Eastern Partnership countries, which includes instruments of pressure in bilateral trade, media and security sectors (through the refusal to pull out the Russian troops from the illegally occupied regions). This paper looks at the EU’s messages that are being forged by different actors internally and by Russian propaganda externally. It provides a range of arguments supporting the idea that the Eastern Partnership countries receive forged messages and the consequences are quite big – mainly for the European prospective of these countries.

14

Authors: Olesea PLOTNIC

The balance of the consumer contract concerns more the notion of cause of the obligation, since the contractual balance supposes an analysis of the counterparties. Jurisprudence and doctrine have sometimes used this concept to remedy imbalances, in particular by carrying out a more global analysis of the content of the contract. Common law has its own rules for rebalancing the contract, and in particular the theory of vices of consent. The interest of this article is to show if the rules of common law can be used to balance the consumer contract and to what extent they are to fight against contractual unfair terms in consumer contracts.

16

Authors: Irene MALGINA

The article examines the evolution of the development of the entrepreneurial ecosystem of the Republic of Belarus in the context of the entrepreneurship support infrastructure. The article provides a literary review of the definition of «entrepreneurship support infrastructure» and determines the relationship with the development of the entrepreneurial ecosystem. The author’s definition of «entrepreneurship support infrastructure» is proposed. The evolution of development of entrepreneurship support centers and business incubators in Belarus is analyzed, various legislative acts of the Government of the Republic of Belarus and the President of the Republic of Belarus in this area are considered. The presented study of the Republic of Belarus is based on author’s long-term analysis of the entrepreneurship support infrastructure in the country, as well as the experience of assessing the effectiveness of individual organizations. It is noted that the entrepreneurship support infrastructure has several stages of development, which reflect global trends in its development.

31

Authors: Celso CANCELA, Paula LAMOSO

The EU is currently embedded in a new enlargement process, this time towards the Western Balkans; a particular relevant geopolitical area for the EU. Among the Western Balkans EU membership candidates Serbia occupies a privileged position due to its territorial size, population and economic ties with the EU. Nevertheless, Serbia’s relationship with the EU is complex as a result of the regional conflicts that took place during the 1990s and, currently, due to the authoritarian character that it is steadily adopting. Bearing in mind the Serbia’s commitment to EU membership, our main purpose throughout this piece is to carefully look at Serbia in order to assess the options and challenges that it has to be an EU member state; particularly after the EU Commission reformed the EU Enlargement Process to be more political. Two major obstacles that Serbia faces in its accession process to the EU are highlighted: a weak democracy and the lack of rule of law. Despite the internal challenges that the EU is facing, both the European Commission and Germany, are clearly engaged with the Western Balkans enlargement process, mainly because of geopolitical reasons. Therefore, it is an opportunity that all of them, and particularly Serbia, should not miss.

11

Authors: Liudmila LAPIȚKAIA, Alexandru LEAHOVCENCO

Intellectual property is a powerful tool that helps the company feel confident in a competitive environment, attract investment, expand sales markets, thereby improving its financial position. The correct reflection of intellectual property in the accounting is of great importance for the correct disclosure of information in the financial statements of the enterprise. From an accounting point of view, intellectual property can be reflected in different ways. There are certain difficulties and discussions regarding the correctness of the reflection of intellectual property in the accounting. In this article, the authors reveal controversial issues in the field of intellectual property accounting and suggest ways to solve them. This article also indicates ways to improve the accounting of intellectual property in the Republic of Moldova.

15

Authors: Ioan Alexandru GHERASIM

The subject of “colonialism”, which is linked to a rather long stage in the evolution of civilization, continues to arouse the interest of various theorists and historians in the field of international relations, all the more that the concept has become enriched with the neo- and post- prefixes. As for the these novel varieties, it is said that at the end of the Second World War, as a result of the radical change in the global balance of power, the former metropolises – such as the United Kingdom, France, Spain, Belgium –, have left their place to dissimulated, disguised colonial actors – such as the United States of America and the Soviet Union –, the latter being continued, in intricated manners, by its post-Cold-War heir, the Russian Federation. In this paper, I attempt to explain the extent to which the characteristics of Russia’s current international relations with the former members of the Soviet Union, which have gained their independence, but live since then under constant Russian pressure, can be framed in the logic of colonial habits. Emphasis is on the Central Asia region, a place that has been the object of geopolitical/geo-economic disputes between several great powers, one of them being the ex-Soviet-imperial tutor, Russia. In order to obtain a portrayal of the Russian colonial-type behaviours, arguments of economic, political, technological or cultural substance are being provided, linking canonical scientific debates of colonialism to contextual ties among the involved stakeholders.

20

Authors: Georgiana CICEO

This article zooms in on citizens’ participation in the decision-making process opened in recent years in the framework of EU-Moldova institutional relations in order to evaluate the extent to which it contributed to the strengthening of the structures of democratic governance in the Republic of Moldova. The present contribution moves away from the traditional top-down approach on how the EU supports democratization processes in neighboring countries through the transfer of norms on democratic governance and aims to provide an upward perspective on how the newly developed mechanisms of citizen participation strengthen the democratic structures in the particular case of the Republic of Moldova. This article does not intend to question the normative power of the European Union, but starts from the observation that although the EU possesses neither the military muscle, nor the political clout, it has nevertheless the capacity to influence norms and ideas on what could be considered an appropriate behavior in the relations between states. The main concern of this article will therefore be to address the challenges posed by the design of European norms and values in the context of the utterly complex situation existing in its Eastern neighborhood.

24

Authors: Violeta COJOCARU, Iulian MORARU

Industrial property and competition are indissoluble in terms of the legal manner in which the unfair competition act of confusion is committed. The regulation of confusion within the competition legislation of the Republic of Moldova (Law no. 183/2012 on Competition) is in an explicit connection relationship with industrial property, given the fact that the trademarks, industrial designs and other industrial property objects are protected through the provisions of the Law no. 183/2012 on Competition as well. Thus, there is a double protection of industrial property objects: through the rules of industrial property and, at the same time, through those of unfair competition. In the same context, it is important to specify that under competition law are protected even industrial property objects that are not protected under industrial property division law. At the same time, in order to benefit from effective legal protection in accordance with the rules of unfair competition, there is a stringent need for a complex and effective bilateral evidentiary process. In order to validate the theoretical aspects stated above, the practice of the national competition authority of the Republic of Moldova (Competition Council) is essential.

10

Authors: Ion SÎRBU

The era of globalization involves interactions and inter-state and inter-human relations of all types, including economic ones. An important place among them also belongs to the cross-border ones. The paradigm is the model, the dominant aspect in science and the knowledge of a certain period of time or epoch. There are particular paradigms, specific to one or another science, to one or another domain. There are also general or universal paradigms, such as ecological and communication ones. The human paradigm is, however, the most universal one, as it manifests itself in all spheres and fields of human activity and practice, including economics. The whole practice and knowledge, according to the universal paradigm of humanity, must be directed towards ensuring the security and survival of humans, society and nature. The true human is the person with a high and permanent morality and moral behavior. Namely, Man is the supreme value for man and for this reason today, while being in danger, he has become the most important global problem, which practically includes in itself all other problems. The universal paradigm of humanity is compulsory even for the fields of medicine, military and force spheres. It occupies a special place in the real economy and economic science.

16

Authors: Emir ETERIA

EU-Georgia Association Agreement (AA), with its integral part on Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area (DCFTA), has been regarded as the best opportunity for Georgia to promote exports to the EU and increase investment attractiveness of the country. Georgia’s benefits from AA/DCFTA directly depend on consistency of reforms as well as on the speed and degree of legal approximation and regulatory convergence with the EU, which would support growth of Georgia’s exports to the EU as well as attractiveness of Georgia for investments from the EU member states. However, after 5 years since the provisional application positive effects of the Association Agreement on trade and investment performance are not significant. As conducted study demonstrates, despite some encouraging developments in the EU-Georgia trade relations after enactment of the Association Agreement, in 2015-2018 (post-AA/DCFTA period) annual average growth rates of Georgia’s exports to the EU and investments from the EU countries to Georgia compared to 2011-2014 (pre-AA/DCFTA period) decreased. It is clear, that already achieved progress in implementation of the Association Agreement is not sufficient for export and investment promotion and Georgia should continue reforms in all areas, envisaged by the Association Agreement. Moreover, it is high time to grant Georgia the EU membership perspective and/or advance Georgia towards membership of the European Economic Area (EEA), which will be additional incentive for the effective implementation of the European Integration related reforms.

20

Authors: Ion MUȘCHEI

Starting from the fact that the Republic of Moldova has signed the Association Agreement with the European Union and moreover creates a Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area, the current paper aims to analyse the relationship between institutions and trade. The existing theory of institutionalism pointed out that country with the same level of institutions tend to trade more and also trade might produce institutional change. Based on a mix of methods analyses like reports, data and survey, this paper concludes that the correlation between institution and trade in this case is law. This is relevant because in this way we can change, enrich or enhance the strategy of the EU towards Eastern countries especially the Republic of Moldova.

20

Authors: Andrei PÂNTEA, Serghei PÂNTEA

This research analyzes comprehensively the perspectives of the emergence of European transnational justice on the anti-corruption and anti-fraud dimension. Following the analysis of jurisprudence, the normative framework, trends and historical evolution, both in the member states of the European Union, in their relation with the institutions of the Union, as well as the relation of the Union with the third states, it is considered that the involvement, or the interest of supranational institutions, as well as of the Union as a whole, for the defense of its financial interests is inevitable. The involvement through the financing of the various projects, the allocation of different funds or, as a generic category, their management, will be closely monitored. When elaborating on the findings and conclusions, the emphasis was placed on analysis and synthesis, forecasting method, and in some aspects, it was attempted to extrapolate, or to extend in the future, the dynamics and expected results, with emphasis on investigations in third countries, within the meaning of the conventional framework. The theoretical and scientific support of the paper is extensive, applying the logical, historical, comparative and systemic methods of research.

13

Authors: Cristian DÎRVĂ, Anda Simona DÎRVĂ

The catallactic functions within a firm are the same, irrespective of production scale or organization typology. That being said, an “entrepreneurial perspective” projected on inter-/multi-/transnational corporations is just as legitimate, although usually the entrepreneurial element is associated with the “small business” managed by the owner himself. The entrepreneur, having an unmistakable role in the structure of production (still marred by ambiguities in some parts of the business literature), has the same identification data, from “self-employed” (for tax purposes) to “joint stock” companies. Every enterprise has at its core the idea of human action based on resource ownership (the property function), carried out in time (the capitalist function) and subject to uncertainty (the entrepreneurial function). These functions are related to specific business projects that are managed in a monetarily calculated manner in order to acquire profits. This article revisits the basic framework of the enterprise / corporation, placing there the entrepreneurial compound, inextricably linked to risk-taking, to which managerial activity, including risk management, is a complement, not a substitute.

16

Authors: Liliya UKRAYINETS

China is the leader of economic development among the countries of the Asian region and given its strong economic expansion it is the key economic center of the Asian and Eurasian mega-regions. The empirical study shows that Chinese investors receive additional incentives to invest in Ukraine if there is a prior positive investment experience, increasing market potential, and openness and economic freedom. As Ukraine is generally perceived as a path to European markets, the signing of the Association Agreement with the EU is a positive factor. However, the readiness of investors from China to support corruption schemes in the Ukrainian economy arouses concern. Therefore, in order to enhance and improve the structure of investment flows from China to Ukraine, it is necessary to take a number of measures to overcome corruption. One of the main priorities of modern Ukrainian foreign policy is joining Belt and Path Initiative.

18

Authors: Laura Cătălina ŢIMIRAŞ

This paper aims to highlight the use of European quality schemes at Community level to protect agri-food products, including alcoholic beverages. After highlighting the advantages granted to products by using these schemes to protect and, implicitly, promote those products having unique characteristics linked to their geographical origin or, as the case may be, the traditional production / processing system, the paper presents the situation at Community level from the point of view of the quantity of products protected through different quality schemes, by country and category of protected products. Among the quality schemes used at EU level for agri-food products, including alcoholic beverages in the present paper we referred to: "geographical indication" and "traditional specialty guaranteed". The paper is based on the information of European Commission in which protected products are registered through different quality schemes, through and the information contained in various scientific papers, normative acts and statistical databases.

22

Authors: Celso Cancela OUTEDA

In Europe, cross-border cooperation between sub-national organizations offers many experiences, driven by organizations such as the European Union. Today, these experiences present different profiles derived from antiquity, the participating agents (local, regional, national), the level of institutionalization, the economic product or socio-economic reality, the type of interstate relations (friendly and hostile), etc. Basically, this contribution contains a case study that refers to the experience developed by Galicia and the Region of North of Portugal. The main objective is to present its historical evolution, its current institutions and the actors involved. In this way, lessons for other places and areas can be obtained.