Vestnik of Vitebsk State Technological University

9-15

Authors: Maria Demidova, Dzmitry Ryklin

The object of research is electrospun nanofibrous webs. The aim of this work is to determine the effect of the collector rotation frequency on the fibers arrangement in the electrospun webs, as well as to assess the effect of fibers orientation on their deformation properties. It is proved that an increase in the frequency of rotation of the collector of the Fluidnatek LE-50 installation from 200 to 2000 min-1 leads to an increase in the degree of orientation of the nanofibers without a significant change in their average diameter. In this case, the distribution law of the angle of the fibers inclination changes from uniform to exponential one. With an increase in the degree of fibers orientation the strength of the electrospun web increases significantly and their breaking elongation decreases.

25-33

Authors: Galina Kazarnovskaya, Natallia Abramovich

The object of the research is the development of an assortment of analogs of copies of Slutsk belts, produced on modern weaving equipment. The aim of the work is to adapt the hand weaving technique for modern equipment to bring it closer to the historical one, as well as to optimize the structure, i.e. to lighten it in the middle of the belt. The technological peculiarity of this historical analogue is that the laying of wefts in the middle and in the border is not carried out across the entire width of the belt, as well as the presence of a large number of wefts playing the role of a "broche". It is proposed to lighten the structure of the fabric in the border and middle and thereby bring the modern belt as close as possible to the historical one, where there was no middle layer, by means of a new principle in the order of laying the wefts. Research and analysis of the structure of the historical sample of the belt allowed to conclude that it makes sense to lay wefts only on the background areas formed by them: change the wefts in the center of the belt and on the border between the middle and the border. All six shuttles are in operation on the machine: four of which form the color in the middle, two in the border. The ornament in the border is created not by "broche" wefts, as in the historical belt, but by a covering warp of two colors.

43-50

Authors: Valeri Alshanski, Uladislau Mults, Elena Zimina

The object of the study is a multilayer foiled material obtained from the waste of the textile industry. The aim of the work is to develop a method for determining the basic thermophysical properties of nonwovens. A method for finding the coefficients of thermal conductivity and thermal conductivity of non-woven fabrics made from textile waste is proposed. The article, describes experimental studies and discusses the dependences of changes in the thermophysical properties of nonwovens under the influence of a stationary heat flow on them. The developed installation and methodology allow us to quickly determine the thermophysical properties of foiled nonwovens, in comparison with materials that do not have a protective coating in the form of aluminum foil.

59-72

Authors: Parmanchuk Vera, Alshanski Valeri

The aim of the work is to compare the main thermal physical and physical-mechanical properties of finely dispersed fibrous particles from various materials. The authors conducted experimental studies of the definition of the geometric sizes of fine-divided particles and their influence on the structure and properties of multilayer heat-insulation materials, Hydrophysical, mechanical and thermophysical properties of short-fiber waste of the textile industry are determined. The results of the work allow to determine the main quantitative and qualitative indicators of fibrous masses consisting of fine-divided particles affecting the properties of multilayer heat-insulation materials. The use of ultra-thin and fine-tested fibers in finished products allows to give the latest unique consumer properties and to expand their scope.

81-89

Authors: Vladimir Stolyarenko, Valeri Alshanski

Subject of research: technological process of manufacturing a shank from a multicomponent composite material. Оbjective: development of technology for the production of a shank from multicomponent materials based on fiberglass. An original technological process for manufacturing a shank consisting of a multicomponent composite material, epoxy binder and fiberglass filler has been developed. The requirements for shanks and their manufacturing technology have been taken into account. The choice of material components and elements of the technological process has been made. Variants of physical modification of material components are selected. The influence of ultraviolet radiation on the properties of the binder has been investigated. The efficiency of using ultraviolet radiation at the initial stage of polymerization has been proven. Scientific novelty lies in the development of an original technological process, taking into account the advantages of the local industry and the requirements for the production of the liner. Shoe manufacturers can use this technological process.

104-114

Authors: Aliaksandr Hrachanikau, Andrej Kovchur, Pavel Manak, Valery Sheleh

The purpose of the presented work is to assess the effect of the addition of chemical water treatment precipitates to the structure of ceramic clinker materials and their physical and mechanical properties. Preliminary studies conducted on the use of technogenic products of the energy complex (precipitation of chemical water treatment of thermal power plants) as additives in the production of clinker ceramic materials showed that their use does not impair the quality of the final product. At Obolsky Ceramic Plant, prototypes were produced of ceramic clinker paving tiles (ceramic clinker bricks) with additives of technogenic products of the energy complex (precipitation of chemical water treatment). Addition of chemical water treatment precipitates in amount of 2 % of weight contributes to formation of more uniform structure of sintered main mass of tiles, leads to processes of solid minerals crystallization from melt and increases the amount of glass phase, which determines strength properties of ceramic products. Studies of the physical and mechanical properties of the prototypes showed that ceramic clinker tiles (ceramic clinker bricks) with the addition of technogenic products of the energy complex (precipitation of chemical water treatment of thermal power plants) comply with STB 1787-2007 standard. Based on the results of the studies performed at Obolsky Ceramic Plant, specifications for ceramic clinker tiles and technological regulations for their manufacture are being developed.

124-131

Authors: Dmitry Lisouski, Natalia Yasinskaya

Experimental investigations of the chemical composition of scutched flax fiber varieties "Vasilek" and "Grant", grown in various regions of the Republic of Belarus, were carried out in order to establish the differences in chemical composition depending on the variety and growing region. The relationship between the chemical composition of the fiber and its number has been studied. It was found that the content of lignin decreases and content of cellulose increases when the fiber number increase. It was shown that the content of the main biopolymers of fiber of one variety differs in a wide range depending on the growing region. It was found that the specific breaking load of flax complexes correlates with the content of cellulose and lignin.

141-151

Authors: Tatiana Zoryna, Tatiana Potyomkina

The article presents the results of a study on the application of a systematic approach to the formation and development of logistics supply chains in the construction complex of the Republic of Belarus in order to further assess its manageability, effectiveness, efficiency, investment attractiveness. This approach made it possible to structure the elements of the logistics system of the construction complex taking into account its properties: integrity and divisibility; connections; organization; integrative qualities.

161-178

Authors: Marina Slonimska, Nadezda Dubko

The relevance of the study is predetermined by the need to search for directions for the development of entrepreneurship in the regions of the Republic of Belarus in modern conditions, taking into account foreign experience. The article analyzes the origin and essence of the concept of the entrepreneurial ecosystem, presents approaches to determining its structure and the relationship with the cluster concept of regional development. The authors propose an algorithm for the formation of a regional entrepreneurial ecosystem, taking into account the results of a sociological study of factors and barriers to the development of cooperation between entrepreneurs and the main regional stakeholders, conducted in the Vitebsk region. A conclusion is made about the role of universities as key stakeholders in the formation of a regional entrepreneurial ecosystem.

191-201

Authors: Galina Yasheva, Yulia Vailunova

The digitalization of the social and economic space is an objective regularity in the development of scientific and technological progress and it is characterized by new methods of generating, processing, storing, transferring information in all spheres of human activity. This phenomenon has affected the clustering processes. Clusters play a significant role in the country's economy. China's experience in the organization of clusters is analyzed in the article. Clustering processes in the Republic of Belarus is investigated. Summarizing the experience of China, the directions for the development of clustering in Belarus in the context of the digitalization of the economy are formulated.

11-21

Authors: Natalia Akindinova, Zhana Tsikhanava

The article highlights the development of new universal and technology-based structures of tapestry fabrics. The aim of this work is to develop new tapestry structures allowing to exclude the labor-intensive operations of beaming, punching, and warp binding which are typical for tapestry weaving in order to reduce production costs and ensure prompt changes to the assortment of linen-containing clothing fabrics without losing the quality of their artistic design. The object of the study is the tapestry structures of linen-containing jacquard fabrics with the area density of 230–375 g/m2. For the first time, new structures of tapestry fabrics have been developed which have no analogues in the world practice. The warps of two colours – light and dark – located on two monophonic beams – upper and lower – are used. Thanks to this, it is possible to eliminate the time-consuming process of binding and punching multicoloured bases, to provide greater interchangeability of the assortment in weaving, to reduce the time required for producing fabrics with new tapestry structures, to reduce the production costs and increase enterprise profit.

32-38

Authors: Valery Bashmetau, Alexander Korob

The experimental investigations of manufacturing conditions and cotton plain fabric properties were conducted under the production conditions of Baranovichi Cotton Production Amalgamation on the shuttleless loom STB. Influence of the spade size position of the loom main shaft on the parameters of beating-up process (beating-up stripe, shed angle), on the fabric indices (warp and weft density, weft and warp shrinkage), and also on the fabric breaking properties and the weft and warp yarns extracted from the fabric was determined. The recommendations on the spade size setting are given for reducing the warp yarns breakage and raw materials consumption during the cotton fabric production.

51-62

Authors: Pavel Dzerkachenka, Vilia Borozna, Alexander Burkin

The article is devoted to the development of an express method for assessing the form stability of the heel of a shoe, which makes it possible to eliminate the existing shortcomings of the assessment method according to GOST 9135-2004 "Shoes. Method for determining the total and permanent deformation of the toe and heel". The proposed method for rapid assessment of the form stability of the shoe toe and heel allows to quickly and reliably evaluate this indicator both during the production and the use products, as well as to study the dependence of the deformation of the heel of various shoe models on the load value. Comparative studies of the form stability of the heel of the shoe according to the developed methods and GOST 9135-2004 have shown the coincidence of the test results and the adoption of the hypothesis of equality of variances. When testing the static dimensional stability of the shoe heel according to the new methods, no shortcomings inherent in the method described in GOST 9135-2004 were revealed. That is, we can conclude that the values obtained by the developed methods are more objective. This allows us to state that their use for testing the dimensional stability of the heel of a shoe is more expedient. The object of research is samples of men's, women's and children's shoes for the autumn-spring and summer seasons. Results of the work are an express method and a device for assessing the form stability of the shoe heel. The field of application of the results is the shoe industry. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the proposed express method and device for assessing the form stability of the shoe heel allows to quickly and reliably evaluate this indicator both in production and during the use of the products, as well as to study the dependence of the deformation of the heel of various shoe models on the magnitude of the loading.

72-82

Authors: Anatoli Alshanski, Alexej Marushchak

The article presents a new method for calculating the drying process of fabrics based on the A. Lykov’s and G. Filonenko’s equations of drying kinetics. Experimental data on convective and convective-radiation drying of various fabrics are processed. The equations are given for determining the densities of heat fluxes, the intensity of moisture evaporation, and the temperature for the period of falling drying rate. The equations for determining the duration of drying of fabrics are presented. The values of heat transfer coefficients and Bio numbers for different tissues are calculated. It is shown that the number of Bio when drying fabrics is less than one, and the main limiting factor is the external heat and moisture exchange of the surface of evaporation of moisture from the surface of the material with the environment. Verification of the reliability of the obtained computational equations and comparison of the calculated values with the experimental ones are presented. The mismatch values are within the acceptable limits of the accuracy of the experiment and processing.

94-106

Authors: Nikolay Popok, Siarhei Partsianka

The article describes the main structural elements and the scheme of forming block-modular milling cutters, analyzes the forms of body modules and chip-removing grooves, as well as the methods of manufacturing milling cutters. The technological route of 3D printing of blocks of tool and body modules and the technological scheme of assembling milling cutters are presented. There is an assessment of the compliance of the parameters of the accuracy of the dimensions of the models of milling cutters specified in the drawing, and recommendations for the use of plastic materials for the production of models of milling cutters.

115-123

Authors: Aliaksandr Hrachanikau, Andrej Kovchur, Vasil Patotski, Ivan Tsimanov, Aliaksandra Liatas

The purpose of the presented work is to study the influence of chemical water treatment deposits in the raw material on physical and mechanical properties of paving tiles and technological parameters of their production. Preliminary studies conducted on the use of technogenic products of the energy complex (precipitation of chemical water treatment of thermal power plants) as additives in the production of clinker ceramic materials showed that their use does not impair the quality of the final product. On Obolsky Ceramic Plant prototypes of ceramic clinker paving tiles (ceramic clinker bricks) were produced with additives of technogenic products of the energy complex (precipitation of chemical water treatment). Addition of precipitation of chemical water treatment in the amount of 2 % of weight allows to reduce the burning temperature of articles by 40–60 °C without deterioration of physical and mechanical properties of the article, which is important in terms of energy saving and will lead to reduction of cost of ceramic products. Studies of the physical and mechanical properties of the prototypes showed that ceramic clinker tiles (ceramic clinker bricks) with the addition of technogenic products of the energy complex (precipitation of chemical water treatment of thermal power plants) comply with STB 1787-2007. Based on the results of the studies performed at Obolsky Ceramic Plant, specifications for ceramic clinker tiles and technological regulations for their manufacture are developed.

132-141

Authors: Anton Kotovich, Andrej Kovchur, Andrej Kliment'ev, Pavel Manak

The design object is the technology of ceramic brick production. The article discusses the technology for the production of ceramic bricks and their manufacture with the addition of various burnout additives. It shows the effect of the use of burnout additives, a decrease in the amount of burnt natural gas, and a decrease in energy costs. The proposed approach to the production of ceramic products for construction purposes can significantly reduce the consumption of natural gas at the stage of firing products by adding various burnable additives to the charge. An experiment was carried out on an experimental batch of ceramic bricks and its results were analyzed. As the result of the study , the effectiveness of this production method is proven. The field of application of the results is the brick manufacturing industry. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the feasibility of using this method of producing ceramic bricks from the point of view of reducing the consumption of natural gas at the stage of firing products without reducing their physical and mechanical properties has been determined.

148-157

Authors: Viktor Shut, Andrei Kuznetsov, Sergey Mozzharov, Igor Yadroitsev, Ina Yadroitseva

In this work, a short review on methods for the synthesis of ultrafine powders of micron- and submicron size is presented. A sonoelectrochemical method was used for the synthesis of Cu powder. It is shown that this technique is quite simple, economical and environmentally friendly. Influence of parameters of the process on the particle size distribution and morphology of copper powder is studied. The resulting powder can be used for in-situ alloying in laser powder bed fusion and as an antibacterial filler.

168-184

Authors: Alena Vankevich, Stanislav Gorovoj, Iryna Kalinouskaya

In modern conditions, special attention is paid to the issue of effective youth employment due to the tenser state of the youth labour market and the vulnerable position of university graduates. In these conditions, the main direction of the implementation of the youth employment policy is to increase its competitiveness on the labour market, which is achieved through the formation of the in-demand skills and competencies. In many countries, systems for predicting the skills in demand to ensure growth in labor productivity have been formed and are successfully functioning. For Belarus, it is of practical interest to use contemporary models and technologies for forecasting the labour market in terms of determining the competencies demanded by employers. This approach will allow to make adjustments to the training of specialists, create the basis for the formation of an effective youth employment policy and ensure a qualitative growth in labour productivity in the national economy. The purpose of the study is to develop directions for increasing the efficiency of youth employment and employment of graduates of educational institutions, based on modern methods of analysis and forecasting of skills and competencies demanded by employers using technologies for tracking employment of graduates and the Big Data analysis. The article analyses the main indicators of the labour market in Belarus, its features and disadvantages are highlighted. It is concluded that it is necessary to switch to new sources of growth in labour productivity through the formation of new skills and competencies. Studied and summarized the foreign experience of ensuring the growth of labour productivity by predicting the in-demand skills, as well as the possibility of using it in Belarus. Particular attention is paid to determining the required competencies by tracking the employment of graduates. Such research will determine the skill set that is required for successful employment of graduates and adjust curricula and programs in this context. Taken together, this will expand the complex of implemented measures of the youth employment policy aimed at effective employment and the anchoring of graduates in the workplace.

201-215

Authors: Vera Komarova, Iveta Mietule, Iluta Arbidane

The aim of this research is to find a scientifically argued and terminologically correct empirical answer to the research question: does the state of transport development of a territory influence its productivity and efficiency? The scientific and practical significance of this research consists of investigating a territory from the point of view of its transport development and proving that in the modern world the transport ways’ density/1000 km2, which is traditionally considered one of the indicators of the economic development of a territory, is not a determinant of its efficiency. Nowadays it is much more important to integrate the territory into international transport networks and especially – to introduce new technologies and innovative solutions into its transport sector, which improve the quality of transport infrastructure and services. Methods of the empirical analysis. The authors conducted a linear regression analysis, in which the independent variables are the main categories of this research – productivity and efficiency of a territory. In turn, the dependent variables are three indicators of the state of transport development of a territory (the level of transportization of a territory, the level of transport internationalization of a territory and the quality of transport sector in a territory). Then, the relationship between productivity, efficiency, indicators of the state of transport development of a territory, and its environmental effectiveness was measured using correlation analysis. Sources of empirical information. The authors used empirical data from the World Economic Forum's (WEF) Global Competitiveness Report 2018, as well as data from the International Union of Railways and the World Factbook for 137 countries. The results of the empirical analysis show that only the level of transportization of a territory is the engine of its productivity, but this factor does not influence the efficiency of a territory in the modern world. In turn, two other indicators of the state of transport development of a territory have a statistically significant effect on the efficiency of a territory. In addition, the level of transportization of the countries of the world, especially the density of railways and highways, strongly and in inverse proportion correlates with the ecological effectiveness of a territory, increasing the "environmental footprint" of a territory.

232-245

Authors: Tatyana Odintsova

The issues of regional sustainable development get much relevance in the context of external environment uncertainty and novel social progress trends; therefore, they become a subject of investigation for a large number of scientists and practitioners. Strategizing is a major condition for providing the sustainability of such development. Accordingly, it requires appropriate informational, analytical and methodological support for any region, and especially for a territory whose livelihoods are affected by international restrictive measures. The objective of the article is to analyse the impact of sanctions restrictions on the vital activity of the region, the specifics of strategizing its sustainable development in appropriate conditions, and to develop recommendations for the formation of a strategy.

9-13

Authors: Valery Bashmetau

Calculation method of the possible range for setting the spade size on the loom under certain shed sizes and the given parameters of shedding mechanisms is developed providing that within the limits of the given range the unhindered laying of the weft through the shed is kept and the technological process is set and followed. Range calculation of the spade size for certain conditions for the соtton plain fabric production having the article 484 is done using shuttleless STB looms in the production facilities of BPHO Company (Baranowichi). In the given case the spade may be set from the highest possible size (340) by the position of the loom’s main shaft to the minimum possible size (70) of the position. The optimal spade size must be set within the limits of this range.

27-36

Authors: Tatsiana Haponava, Victor Sadovski, Liliya Bratchenia

The article discusses the research of the stress decrease along the warp and weft of half-woolen worsted fabrics by biaxial tension and exposure to hot air for a certain time. Based on the results of the research, mathematical models were constructed that enabled to predict a change in the stress during its relaxation after biaxial deformation during thermal fixation. It was revealed that the structural characteristics of the fabric, its composition, the amount of deformation and the duration of exposure to hot air influence the magnitude of the stress decrease. It was established that the maximum value of the stress arising in the process of stretching is observed at the greatest deformation, and the maximum stress decrease occurs when exposed to temperature for 220-300 seconds, depending on the amount of deformation and the type of fabric.

46-57

Authors: Katsirina Mileeva, Galina Kazarnovskaya

The work is devoted to the study of the diameter of cottonin-containing open-end yarn formed by three following ways: by photographs of the yarn appearance using the bottom light, without it and with the help of USTER TESTER 6. The aim of this work is the search for the diameter of cottonin-containing yarn with linear density of 50 tex and 110 tex, produced by means of three methods. As a result, rational methods to determine the diameter have been developed based on the comparative analysis of the results of fabrics design according to a given surface density. The object of the study is the flax open-end yarn with a linear density of 110 tex (85 % cottonized flax, 15 % cotton) and 50 tex (35 % cottonized flax, 65 % cotton) with various twists. The influence of linear density, raw material composition, and yarn twist on their fiber diameters was determined. The calculation of the main parameters of the fabric structure was done, a single-layer fabric was designed according to the given surface density using wet-spun linen yarn with a linear density of 56 tex, and open-end yarn with a linear density of 50 tex in the weft. The fabric of the plain weave was produced at Orsha Linen Industrial Complex.

68-79

Authors: Anastasia Radyuk, Maria Kozlova, Alexander Burkin

The aim of the study is to develop technologies for producing materials for shoe soles with a given level of properties based on secondary polyurethanes and a comparative analysis of their physical, mechanical and performance indicators. The object of the research is polymer materials (plates) made of primary and secondary polyurethanes. The subject of research is physical, mechanical and operational properties. The method used is a comprehensive quality assessment method. The results of the work are presented by materials for shoe soles made from primary and secondary polyurethane foam with a level of physical, mechanical and operational properties which are sufficient for making shoe soles. The field of application of the results is the footwear industry.

88-97

Authors: Sviatlana Furashova, Yuliya Miliushkova

Currently, much attention is paid to sanitary and hygienic working conditions. Adhesive solutions based on organic solvents significantly worsen the microclimate of production workshops. Hence, the current direction of chemicalization of footwear production is the introduction of adhesive dispersions on a water basis for gluing soles. The technology of using polyurethane dispersion adhesives for sole-fastening operations requires detailed approbation due to the wide range of materials used for the upper of shoes and the fairly recent use of dispersion adhesives for gluing soles. The article provides a comparative analysis of the strength indicators of adhesive joints obtained with the use of polyurethane adhesive solutions and adhesive dispersions when gluing rubber "Kozhvolon" with artificial leather, processed by various methods. It is shown that the use of polyurethane dispersion adhesives makes it possible to obtain standard strength when choosing the type of processing of artificial leather before gluing. For difficult-to-bond materials, the standard strength is achieved by adjusting the technological mode of bonding. Using mathematical methods for planning an experiment for artificial leather "Nubuck" the optimal modes of the gluing process are determined.

108-117

Authors: Elena Lashkina

Multifunctional film materials based on highpressure polyethylene have been developed and manufactured by modifying the polymer matrix with chemically active reagents (insecticides from the classes of synthetic pyrethroids, organophosphorus compounds, neonicatinoids and a UV stabilizer (Tinuvin 783)), optimized for prescription, structural, physical, physical chemical parameters and bioactivity. Investigations held by the method of IR spectroscopy have shown that there is the formation of an ether bond between the molecules of the components in insecticidal polymer composites. The kinetic dependence of the release of the liquid phase from the surface of a composite polyethylene film of the composition LDPE/DOP/insecticide/ Tinuvin 783 is presented. The insecticidal film of prolonged action will solve the problem of protecting agricultural land, conifer and deciduary forest plantations from phytophagous insects, as well as reduce losses from biological damage to light industry products packed in film cases.

130-139

Authors: Dzmitry Ryklin, Natallia Yasinskaya, Mariya Demidova, Vladislav Azarchenko, Natallia Skobova

The aim of the paper was to research the influence of the content of polyvinyl alcohol Arkofil PPL (Archroma, Switzerland) in the electrospinning solution on the structure of nanofibrous material for medical and cosmetic purposes. As a result of an experimental study it was found that with an increase in the PVA content from 10 to 14 % the viscosity of the spinning solution increases 5 times and significantly exceeds the recommended values. Surface tension and specific volumetric electrical conductivity are almost independent on the concentration of polyvinyl alcohol and correspond to the recommended values. Experimental production of samples of nanofiber coatings and analysis of electronic images of their structure have proved that the material formed from a solution containing 14 % PVA does not contain visible defects and has a uniform distribution of nanofibers over the diameter. This indicates the advisability of using it as a fiber-forming composition for obtaining materials by the method of electrospinning.

149-159

Authors: Kate Gruznevitch, Olga Andryianova

The paper considers the essence of the category "efficiency" and signs of its classification. The study revealed the following: there is still no consensus on the classification of effectiveness; authors highlight various classification features to determine the same types of efficiency; there are types of efficiency that are mentioned by only one author; the same signs can give a classification of different types of efficiency. The basic classification criterion is highlighted, on the basis of which the types of efficiency and indicators of their assessment are determined. A comprehensive methodological approach to the calculation of the integral efficiency indicator is proposed. The proposed approach was tested on the example of a separate organization in the Republic of Belarus.

175-192

Authors: Kristina Krayenkova

The article presents an analytical review of statistical data on the development of social entrepreneurship in world practice, defines the institutional framework for the activities of social entrepreneurship entities in certain countries of Europe and Asia. The study made it possible to provide a statistical assessment of the activities of social entrepreneurship in the Republic of Belarus and to offer recommendations for the formation of a high-quality statistical base on the development of social entrepreneurship in the country and its institutional support, taking into account the positive foreign experience and identified national characteristics.

11-17

Authors: Akindinova Tatyana, Lapshin Valery, Smirnova Nadezhda, Zamyshlyaeva Veronika

The article presents the results of research on the main characteristics of the structure and properties of modern stiffening fabrics. The indicators of surface density of fabrics, thread thickness of both systems and the number of threads per 10 cm on the base and weft are presented. A technique has been developed for determining bending hardness and elasticity using an automated measuring system. Reference information on hardness and elasticity in orthogonal directions has been compiled. An intelligent system based on artificial neural networks using the "Neuro-Prognosis" program has been developed. The system allows to predict the elasticity indicators of modern onboard fabrics and create a database to digitalize their selection. The advantage of the system is the ability to add refinement of the forecasting model when updating the range of stiffening fabrics. Using the system is convenient in the absence of expensive test equipment.

32-39

Authors: Galina Kazarnovskaya, Yuliana Parhimovich, Pavel Balashov

The work is devoted to the computer-aided design of pattern weaves for jacquard souvenir fabrics of complex structures by Slutsk belts patterns. A technology has been developed for the production of hollow structures and double-width fabrics on a modern weaving machine with six shuttles produced by Mageba (Germany), equipped with a Stäubli programmed jacquard machine. Algorithms and a software product have been developed in the JavaScript programming language in order to simplify the process of constructing pattern weaves for designed fabrics. The manufacture of fabrics of complex structures enable to add variety to the assortment of textile products based on Slutsk belts patterns produced on unique equipment.

52-58

Authors: Sergey Kuzmenkov, Vasiliy Dryukov, Alexej Kotow, Uladzimir Mausesian

The research object is the convective heating surface of water boilers. The purpose of the work is heat engineering design calculation of the options for upgrading the convective heating surface of the KVGM-100 boilers. As a result of the calculations performed according to the proposed methodology, it is revealed that replacing smooth pipes with an outer diameter of 28 mm in the convective bundle of the KVGM-100 boiler unit with finned tubes with an outer diameter of 38 mm can increase the density of the transmitted heat flux by 30 times. Such heat transfer efficiency in a convective beam will increase the efficiency of the boiler as a whole and, consequently, reduce the boiler fuel consumption.

71-78

Authors: Roman Okunev

Protection of manpower during operation in hot and cold water (on ice), being in the open air at low temperature is provided by internal heat insulation lining of individual protection costume with elements of positive buoyancy. The work developed and describes the procedure for calculating the thickness of the heat insulation lining, taking into account the values of dimensional features of a typical figure of a person. The studies enabled to establish an optimal package of materials with the best characteristics of thickness and thermal conductivity. The results of the work were implemented during the creation of a model of heat insulation lining at the Uniform Enterprise in Mikashevichi.

91-99

Authors: Darya Pankevich, Katsiaryna Ivashko

The article is devoted to the influence of operational impact on the level of waterproofness of membrane textile materials. As an object of research, waterproof sportswear made of membrane textile materials of various structures was used. During the experiment, a negative effect of mechanical influences and washes on the waterproofness of materials containing a polyurethane membrane layer was revealed. It is shown that the time to maintain a stable level of waterproofness when used as directed for products from composite textile materials containing a membrane depends on the type of material, the quantity and structure of its layers. Clothing, which is subjected to frequent washing and intensive exposure to mechanical factors during operation, should be made from materials that contain a combined two-component hydrophobic-hydrophilic membrane and a textile layer.

113-124

Authors: Dzmitry Ryklin, Xiaotong Tang, Kiryl Krushevich

The paper is devoted to the development of a program for automating of the 3D scanning results processing of draped fabrics samples in order to assess their drapeability. Programming language Python is chosen to develop the program DrapeCalculator. The developed program allows obtaining coefficients of regression models describing the surface of draped samples shape and the profiles of their individual cross-sections, as well as the values of drape indicators. Testing the program showed that the results of calculations made using the developed program differ slightly from the results obtained with the manual method of data preparation in the case of averaging 3Dscanning data of three samples of draped fabrics. The use of the program DrapeCalculator allows to reduce the time required to process the results of 3D scanning by more than 40 times.

134-141

Authors: Aleksandr Charkovskij, Vitalij Beresnev, Dzianic Bykouski

The subject of research is the material used for the manufacture of medical masks. The choice of material for the manufacture of medical masks should not be random. It should be scientifically reasonable. Belarus produces enough raw materials for the manufacture of textile materials for medical masks of proper quality. It is advisable to conduct research aimed at using functional polyester yarns manufactured by SvetlogorskKhimvolokno Enterprise for the manufacture of knitted materials for medical masks. In the production of masks with improved hygienic properties, it is advisable to use modern technologies of linen and sports clothing.

150-158

Authors: Pavel Manak, Andrei Kauchur, Aliaksandr Hrachanikau, Ivan Tsimanov

The aim of the research work is to study the possibility of using technogenic products of chemical water treatment at central heating power plants as an additive to the manufacture of ceramic clinker materials. The research studies of physical and mechanical properties of experimental samples of ceramic clinker tiles carried out at Obol Ceramic Plant showed the possibility of using technogenic products of the energy complex (precipitation of chemical water treatment of central heating power plants) as an additive to the manufacture of ceramic construction materials of general purpose. Addition of chemical water treatment sediments allows reducing the burning temperature of the products, which is important in terms of energy saving.

166-172

Authors: Natallia Yasinskaya, Natallia Skobova

Some stages of the finishing technology of high thickness and surface density textiles such as drying and thermal fixing have a number of problems, especially when using solutions of aqueous polymer dispersions as an application. This manifests itself in the form of migration of particles of the dispersed phase to the surface of the textile web under the influence of heat flow and film formation. This results in deterioration of the operational and special properties of the finished product. A solution to this problem is to use ultra-high frequency electromagnetic radiation for drying. The process of drying and thermal fixing textile woven fabrics with surface density of 460 g/m2 from viscose filaments in the medium of electromagnetic radiation of microwave range was investigated. Structural analysis of the sections of the obtained fabrics proved the effectiveness of the new heat treatment method compared to convective drying.

188-200

Authors: Vera Kvasnikova, Yuliya Mironova

The article is devoted to the methodological aspects of assessing the internal potential of budgetary organizations and determining the impact of their condition on the effectiveness of extra-budgetary activities. An author's methodology is proposed for studying the internal potential of the sanitary-epidemiological service, based on an expert assessment of its components according to 13 quantitative and qualitative indicators, for which five-point rating scales with recommended threshold values have been developed. Testing the methodology according to the data of the Zonal Hygiene and Epidemiology Centers of the Vitebsk region proved the possibility of its application in the practice of analysis and planning of extra-budgetary activities of the sanitary-epidemiological services.

213-230

Authors: Liudmila Prudnikava, Tatsiana Zhyhanava

The paper substantiates the need for analysis and evaluation of the performance of a commercial organization. Based on an integrated approach, a methodology for analyzing and evaluating the performance of a commercial organization was developed, including: assessing and analyzing the dynamics of individual indicators characterizing the result of current, financial and investment activities, as well as their dynamic dependencies; assessment of the prevalence of intensive and extensive factors in the dynamics of the relevant results of the organization; identification of compliance with established normative dynamic relationships between indicators characterizing the effectiveness of the organization and its resources; assessment and analysis of the dynamics of indicators characterizing the effectiveness of the studied activities of the organization; assessment and analysis of the influence of factors on the dynamics of the effectiveness of the organization. As a result of testing the methodology in organizations of the Vitebsk region engaged in the production of textiles, food products, computer equipment, the key problems of performance have been identified.

244-249

Authors: Nesrine Harez Harfoush, Alena Vankevich

The subject of the research is the study of theoretical approaches and applied assessments of the impact of CSR on consumer loyalty. The article analyzes modern theoretical concepts that explain the direction of the influence of CSR on the perception of consumers, identifies the following advantages that CSR creates for business entities: attracting new consumers, improving the consumer perception of the organization, strengthening competitive advantages in the market and expanding opportunities for attracting capital, improving social and psychological well-being of workers. The article reflects the results of an empirical study of CSR practices in Lebanon, confirming the positive perception of CSR programs by the business community. The directions of development of the theory and practice of CSR in Lebanon are determined.

8-11

Authors: Valery Bashmetau, Margarita Gavrilova

The process of woven-knitted textile material production is a subject of the investigation. The results of the experimental investigations conducted in the production conditions in the Mogotex OJSC (Mogilev) during the production of the woven-knitted material of the article 10s2 are presented in the paper. The material samples with different tension of the weft yarns were obtained on the machine Metap 160. The physical-mechanical properties and other characteristics were defined in the standard procedure, the consumption of the weft yarns in the weaving was defined. The dependence of these parameters from the tension of weft yarns was defined. It is shown that there is a possibility to vary the weft yarns tension in certain limits to reduce their consumption during the process of weaving.

21-27

Authors: Tatsiana Haponava, Viktor Sadovski, Liliya Bratchenia

The article discusses the effect of moisture of various temperatures on worsted fabrics and threads. An indicator such as water absorption of textile materials is investigated. It was found that water absorption increases with increasing water temperature, in which the studied threads and fabrics are maintained. Also, the structure of worsted fabrics and threads influence water absorption, namely: composition, weaving, surface density – for fabrics and composition, linear density and twist – for threads. For fabrics and threads with lycra content, water absorption is significantly higher than that for samples without it.

34-43

Authors: Maxim Kukushkin, Tatyana Sheremet, Natalya Ulyanаva, Dmitry Kviatkouski

The objects of research are knitting fabrics for fireman balaclava; the design of this product and technology for its manufacturing. The purpose of the work is to create the fireman balaclava design using the fire-resistant knitting fabric with optimal structure. In result of research prototype knitting fabrics are manufactured. They have various interlacement and compositions. Thermal and physical properties of prototype fabrics are investigated. Positive properties of knitting materials made from Arselon® yarn are confirmed. Received materials are subjected to a set of mechanical and hygienic properties tests. The most technological interlacement for production of fireman balaclava is offered. Also some varieties are offered of balaclava design with constructional features. Recommendations for implementing of production technology for this product are created. The area of application of the received results is the fire service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Republic of Belarus.

52-61

Authors: Anatoli Alshanski, Alexej Kotow

In this paper, the authors presented the results of the study of the convective drying kinetics of various types of natural leather in a free state using heated air when changing the regime parameters of drying in a wide range. The results of processing experimental data using stable generalized variables for the drying process are presented. The article provides approximate experimental equations for determining the duration of drying, the density of heat fluxes, the intensity of evaporation of moisture, the temperature in the period of the falling drying rate. Also, the authors detected a relationship between the complex variables of the drying process. The proposed method for calculating the kinetics of drying of leathers allows one to determine with sufficient accuracy all the main kinetic characteristics of the drying process. For the purpose of the analysis, the validity of the obtained equations was verified and the experimental and calculated values of the parameters were compared using the obtained equations.

76-88

Authors: Vyacheslav Frolov

The object of the research is the process of design calculation of linear dimensional chains. The purpose of this article is development of a method to choose the most rational combination of admissions and deviations on the basis of modeling of accidental combinations of these parameters by means of a genetic algorithm and selection. Imitating modeling of calculations with the choice of the best option by the criterion used in the article provides the solution of a design problem of calculation of dimensional chains with high probability at rather broad range of a combination of the sizes and technical requirements to them. This criterion evaluates an error of a deviation of a design value of the closing link from a preset value. It gives the chance to the designer, even at the worst combination of parameters of the sizes, to solve a problem with the maximum error and to evaluate the directions of change of a design for the purpose of its reduction.

97-103

Authors: Natallia Skobova, Natallia Yasinskaya

The quality of impregnation of textile materials with additive preparations significantly affects their appearance and performance properties. The impregnating properties of aqueous dispersions of polymers depend on their physicochemical characteristics and particle size of the dispersed phase. The process of preparing the aqueous dispersion of styrene acrylate in the medium of ultrasonic vibrations has been studied. Research results have proved the effectiveness of applying sounding to impregnation solutions to improve the quality of impregnation of hydrophobic textile materials.

115-129

Authors: Alena Vankevich, Alena Korabava

This article analyzes labour situation for young people from the region of Belarus. The features of the youth labour market are examined. The research is focused on the methodological differences between Belarusian approach to labour market statistics and ILO's approach. The labour situation for young people in one of the Belarusian regions is described using analysis of the data obtained from empirical research. The article represents results of youth employment and unemployment level assessment, which were received during the survey of the group of 307 young people at the age of 15–29 years by means of questionnaire for households survey on employment issues developed according to ILO's methodology. According to the survey the youth employment level in Vitebsk Region accounted for 36.8 % with the unemployment level being 10.3 % i.e. the actual youth unemployment level is higher than a registered one in Belarus and it is comparable in value to the level in other countries. The research reveals a high number of young people who work while studying. The assessment of means of job seeking showed that individual search alongside with friends' and relatives' help dominates. Other elements of labour market infrastructure (state employment agencies, recruitment agencies) are not popular despite the fact that their efficiency among the registered unemployed is rather high. The research resulted in the development of additional database of the condition of youth labour market in the Republic of Belarus (at regional level) which allows to diagnose the situation in youth employment which is beyond the vision of state employment agencies.

158-170

Authors: Tamara Kasayeva, Matvey Matveev

Timely implementation, recording and analysis of indicators for assessing the level of commercial efficiency allow us not only to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the main business processes of the organization, but also to identify reserves for its increase. For this purpose, it is necessary to actively introduce foreign countries’ experience in implementing systems for monitoring and recording of the level of efficiency, based on a targeted approach, the practical use of which in various areas of the functioning of economic entities proves their effectiveness and practicability. In this study, an attempt is made to develop a methodology for assessing the commercial effectiveness of an organization based on the development of strategic goals, determining their numerical parameters, and assessing the achievement of goals. To develop business development directions and increase its commercial effectiveness, a risk assessment system is proposed.