Current Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences

33-39

Authors: Rocky Yadav, Ritika Gandotra, Ragini Mathuria, Priya Bhadoriya, Bineeta Dwivedi

Nanotechnology is the study and use of structures between 1 nanometer and 100 nanometers in size. Nanotechnology is definitely a medical boon for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of cancer diseases. Nanoparticulate technology is of particular use in developing a new generation of more effective cancer therapies capable of overcoming many biological, biophysical and biomedical barriers that the body stages against a standard intervention. Nanoparticles that deliver chemotherapy drugs directly to cancer cells are under development. Nanomedicine application areas include drugdelivery, therapy, diagonistic, imaging and antimicrobial techniques. The formed nano particles can be used in wide range of therapeutic treatment of cancer. To overcome problems of systemic toxicity associated with chemotherapy and enhance treatment resolution of cancer therapies, nanotechnology is increasingly providing many novel approaches, especially to energy-based cancer therapies. Nonmaterial and biomarkers of cancer, general principle of drug targeting to cancer, intracellular mechanisms, and nanoparticles based formulation in market, several recent applications in medicine as diagnostic and therapeutic are discussed. This article aim to overview on all the parts of nanotechnology in cancer therapy.

50-57

Authors: Bibekananda Meher

Diabetes mellitus is associated with dyslipidemia. The present study was carried out to evaluate the antidiabetic and hypolipidemic potential of hydro-alcoholic and aqueous seeds extract of Tamarindusindica on Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. In oral glucose tolerance test the blood glucose level was significantly (P<0.05) controlled in 0-90 min after glucose administration in normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The blood glucose level of Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats were determined at 0,7,14 days of treatment after 14 days of treatment blood glucose levels were significantly (P<0.05) decreased. Hydro-alcoholic seeds extract at the dose of 200 mg/kg significantly increased the serum insulin level. Tamarindusindica seeds extracts at all the dose level 100 and 200 mg/kg, after 14 day days of treatment significantly (P<0.05) increased hepatic glycogen level. On the other hand after 14 days of treatment lipid profile cholesterol (CHOL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) were significantly (P < 0.05) improved in diabetic rats treated with Tamarindusindica seeds extracts. The results suggested that the both hydro-alcoholic and aqueous extracts of Tamarindusindica seeds possess potential antidiabetic, hypolipidemic effect.

64-68

Authors: Archna Selvan, Vivek Chourasia

Ficus religiosa was investigated for its possible protective effect against paracetamol and CCl4-induced hepatic damage. IV administration of a sub-lethal dose of paracetamol (500 mg/kg) produced liver damage in rats as manifested by the rise in serum level of transaminases (AST and ALT). Ttreatment of rats with Ficus religiosa(200 mg/kg) prevented the paracetamol-induced rise in serum enzymes. The hepatotoxic dose of CCl4 (1.5 ml/kg; orally) also raised the serum AST and ALT levels. The same dose of Ficus religiosa(200 mg/kg) was able to prevent the CCl4-induced rise in serum enzymes. These results indicate that Ficus religiosa possesses hepatoprotective activity.

01-10

Authors: Ashwani Mishra, A K Pathak

Plasticizers have got significant role in pharmaceutical formulations because of their vital importance in the formulations like gastro-retentive films, ocular films, transdermal films, buccal films, oro-dispersible films. Flexibility, Endurance, Resistibility and Stability which are suitable properties of formulation could be easily achieved by using plasticizers which ultimately imparted desired characteristic in the formulation by the radical use of this excipient. In this review an effort was made to disclose importance, theories and plasticizers mechanism in different novel pharmaceutical formulations to understand its versatility efficiency, utility and tendency to modified different novel pharmaceutical formulations.

16-24

Authors: Amit Kumar Tiwari, Preveena Narasimhamurthy, Gopalpur Nagendrappa, Abhilash Thakur

2-Chloroquinoline-3-carbaldehyde and its substituted products are extremely versatile intermediates for synthesizing a variety of compounds containing quinoline moiety, which find many pharmaceutical and other applications. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) plays an important role in toxicity prediction. The present study deals with acute toxicity predictions LD50 (medianlethal dose) values of (3-(2-chloroquinolin-3-yl)oxiran-2-yl)(phenyl) methanone and its derivatives in rat by oral exposure through QSAR modelling software package T.E.S.T. In the present study the toxicity (LD50) is evaluated using a variety of QSAR methodologies, such as hierarchical clustering, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) MDL, nearest neighbor and a consensus model. For compounds No. 1 to 4, 7, 10 and 11 hierarchical clustering method does not provide the LD50 values; however, other methods have successfully provided the toxicity estimation for the same. The said software helps to predict the exact LD50 values when compared to experimental data reported in the range (>2000 to >5000 mg/kg). This is a preliminary observation from screening of LD50 values using the said software package. Further study may be relevant using other software to compare the predicted data.

30-32

Authors: Samreen Jahan, Jagdish K Sahu

A market survey of Amlodipine (Antihypertensive drug) was conducted at several medical shops in Moradabad City. The various brands of Amlodipine are Citanil-T, Amlokind, Omletime, Amodep, Angicam, Lupidip, Amlogen,Amlip etc. are available in selected areas. The Amlokind is more prescribed by doctors. The highest selling brand of Amlodipine is Amlokind. According to medical survey it has been shown that Amlokind (Mankind Pharmaceuticals Pvt Ltd.) is highest selling brand in Moradabad city. Amlodipine is good Antihypertensive drug.

82-85

Authors: Harisharan Goswami, Bushra Malik and Meenakshi Chaturvedi

According to the WHO about 80% population of the world depend on medicinal plants for remedies. Medicinal plants are exploited for therapeutic medicine and have been used by Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha. In Ayurveda, Charak and Sushruta described various plants along with their medicinal values. Portulaca grandiflora, is a medicinal ornamental plant in the family Portulacaceae, Portulaca has many medicinal properties. It is used for the treatment of cirrhosis of the liver, pharyngeal pain and swelling. Leaves used for scurvy. Fresh juice of leaves and stems applied to snake and insect bites, burns, scalds, and eczema. In the present study micropropagation of Portulaca grandiflora was done using nodal explants, inoculated on MS medium containing kinetin (1.0-4.0mg/l). Axillary bud proliferation was observed within 05 days. After 3 weeks regenerated shoots shown fresh growth with 3-4 new nodes on each concentration of kinetin supplemented Murashige & Skoog medium. No callus initiation was observed on any of the Kinetin supplemented media. Out of the four concentration 2.0 mg/l Kinetin shown maximum percentage of Axillary bud proliferation i.e. 60%, whereas higher concentration of Kinetin shown stunted growth. Regenerated shoots were transferred into Murashige & Skoog media supplemented with 1.0- 4.0mg/Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) for root initiation. Root initiation was observed after 5 days of subculturing. Maximum percentage of root initiation and plantlet regeneration were recorded in 2.0mg/l IBA i.e. 90%, whereas minimum percentage observed on 4.0mg/l i.e 40%. Regenerated Plantlets were transferred to green house and finally to the field.

55-62

Authors: N. Vijaykumar

Immunoprotective activity of Septilin evaluated against Cyclosporine A induced immunosuppression in wistar albino rats. An equivalent of 100mg of Septilin tablet extract administered as an oral dose and its Immunoprotective activity assessed by determining of host resistance against E.coli, determining hematological parameters (Total Leukocyte Count), determining in vivo phagocytic test by carbon clearance, determining humoral response (by measuring antibody titre) and cell mediated immunity (by measuring foot pad thickness). The present study suggests that Septilin significantly protected the animals by increasing the immunoprotective activity in immune compromised conditions. In Septilin treated, immunosuppressed rats, there was 33.3% mortality against 100% mortality in immunosuppressed rats after 48hrs of infection. 16.6% mortality was observed in Septilin treated rats against 66.6% in immunosuppressed rats after 24hrs of infection. Furthermore, Septilin treatment raised the TLC significantly (P<0.01) when compared with control immunosuppressed rats. It was also found that Septilin treatment potentiated the phagocytic activity in immunosuppressed animals. The antibody titre determination study suggested that Septilin enhances both primary and secondary responses in rats immunized with BSA. In normal rats, Septilin increased the primary antibody titre values by 2.4 times and the secondary antibody titre values by 1.56 times. In immune suppressed rats, Septilin increased the primary antibody titre values by 2.5 times and secondary antibody titre values by 1.81 times. Septilin also showed the protective activity against impaired DTH conditions.

68-73

Authors: Neelkant Prasad, Roshan Issarani, Badri Prakash Nagori and Amar Deep Singh

This article describes the development of UV spectrophotometric method for detection of glibenclamide during its dissolution in alkaline borate buffer pH 9.5 because no official UV spectrophotometric method is described for this drug and no such method has been developed for estimating the drug in this medium. A stock solution of 20 g/ml was prepared. Various aliquots of the stock solution were transferred to a series of 10 ml capacity volumetric flasks so as to prepare various dilutions between the ranges of 2-12 g/ml. To each dilution 0.1 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid was added and a calibration curve was formed at 229.5 nm between absorbance on Y- axis and concentration on X- axis. The linearity range was found to be between 2.0 to 12.0 g/ml. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were found to be 0.23 g/ml and 0.71 g/ml respectively. The repeatability, interday and intraday precision (measured in terms of percent relative standard deviation, %RSD) was always less than 0.94%. The accuracy of the developed method were measured by recovery studies and was found to be between 100.39%±1.03% and 102.94%±1.46%. Thus, the developed method is specific, accurate and precise as validated according to recommendations by ICH guidelines.

27-30

Authors: Chandan B Jha, Nidhi Jain and A K Pathak

Radiopharmaceuticals have been majorly used in ages for the diagnostic agent and therapeutic agents .Recent years enormous efforts have been made to formulate holistic formulation for the therapeutic effect of Radiopharmaceuticals .Due to its versatile applications in cancer , Theraspheres -which are glass beads microparticals containing yttrium 90 isotope as a therapeutic agents for Osteosarcoma and its liposomes containing yttrium 90 for the treatment of throat and neck cancer have been formulated .These new formulations have added a new dimension in the field of Research and Development .This review explains need of Radiopharmaceuticals ,their advantages over conventional drug delivery systems and there different application in pharmaceutical fields.

45-49

Authors: Priyanka Parmar, Ashwani Mishra and Anupam Pathak

The present study investigates the use of ethosomal formulation of clotrimazole by mechanical dispersion method. In this work initially ethosomes of clotrimazole were prepared by using different concentration of soya lecithin and then optimized formulation batch was selected by determining Size and surface morphology , drug entrapment efficiency (DEE),in vitro release study and the best formulation was used to prepare gel by using carbopol 934 as a gelling agent . pH and Viscosity were determined of Ethosom entrapped gel. The formulated ethosomal gel obtained was exploited to achieve a zero order release profile of Clotrimazole. DEE was obtained between 52.6 to 60% in best formulations This study disclosed that RE5∗ was the best promising formulation among all prepared formulations.