International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water

773

Authors: Sun Jichao

Editor Board © International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water, ©Sun Jichao. The website is https://ijgsw.eu.org/ http://ijgsw.net/

789-806

Authors: Chukwu-Okeah, G.O, Ezekwe, I.C & Ezenwa, I

Abstract: This study was initiated to examine pesticide residue in groundwater system in Ishiagu. Some objectives were also put forth to aid the achievement of the study aim amongst which are to; examine the quality of groundwater in Ishiagu, determine the type of pesticide residue in the groundwater system, determine the level of concentration of different kinds of pesticides residue in groundwater system and also determine the potential health effects of the consumption of pesticide residue concentrated water. Two hypotheses were tested in the study. The study used water samples from 5 wells located in different sub-communities; hence water quality analysis was done for physicochemical parameters of the water samples from the wells and after that for pesticide residue in the wells. The interest Physico-chemical parameters are; pH, Temperature (0C), Conductivity (µS/cm), Resistivity (mΩ), Salinity (mg/l), Total Dissolved Solid (mg/l) and Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) while the pesticide residues are; DDT, Gammaline, Altrazine, Carbonfuran, Eltrazine, Paraquat, Aldrin and Chlordane. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA were used to test the study hypotheses. The study showed that Conductivity amongst the physicochemical parameters tested was the only parameter that the wells' value exceeded the WHO acceptable limits. The study also showed that the water quality of the wells in Ishiagu is polluted and that the presence of DDT, Gammaline, Chlordane, Aldrin, Carbonfuran, and Altrazine in concentration level above the WHO acceptable level shows the potential impact of the consumption of water from the area. The study recommended Government intervention in potable water provision, having found that the water available to the people is polluted, and Agro education and enlightenment in the area to ensure that pesticides are applied rightly in quantity and in accordance to land size. © International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water, ©Sun Jichao. The website is https://ijgsw.eu.org/ http://ijgsw.net/

819-827

Authors: Teshale Jabessa

Abstract: The study was conducted to identify adaptable, high biomass and seed yield of Cowpea genotypes. Three Cowpea genotypes Bole, 6786 and 2351 were tested in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The result revealed that days to 50% flowering, days to seed maturity, plant height and seed yield was significantly (P<0.05) differ among treatments. Among the tested genotypes late matured was obtained from genotype 6786 (131) days while late genotype was obtained from 2351 (113 days). The highest value of plant height was measured from genotype 6786 (132.8 cm) whereas the short plant height was obtained from genotype 2351 (64.8 cm). The highest seed yield was produced from Bole genotype (24.18 qt/ha) whereas the lowest seed yield was obtained from genotype 6786 (6.8 qt/ha). Chemical composition indicated genotype 2351 was the highest in total ash (TASH) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) whereas less in crude protein (CP) genotype 6786 was the highest in crude protein (CP) while Bole variety had the highest in dry matter (DM), acid detergent lignin (ADL), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and organic matter (OM). The result of this study implied that 6786 genotype was well adapted and being productive regarding the plant height (131.8 cm) and biomass yield (4.4 t/ha) which is hopeful to fill the gap of low quantity ruminant feed. In addition, the nutritional values were promising particularly the crude protein (CP) in 6786 genotype. Thus it could be possible to conclude that cowpea genotype especially 6786 used as a protein supplement. Based on its adaptability, high biomass, plant height, good CP content 6786 genotype is recommended for further promotion in the midland of East Guji zone and similar agro-ecologies. © International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water, ©Sun Jichao. The website is https://ijgsw.eu.org/ http://ijgsw.net/

699

Authors: Sun Jichao

Editor Board © International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water, ©Sun Jichao. The website is https://ijgsw.eu.org/ http://ijgsw.net/

717-742

Authors: Adnan Khan*, Umair Majeed, Syeda Rukhsar, Muhammad Arsalan

In the present study, Parh limestone of Cretaceous age is investigated for its physicochemical and mineralogical characteristics to evaluate for cement manufacturing. The representative limestone samples were collected from various locations of Addu Goth, Winder, Baluchistan. Chemical analysis revealed that the mean concentration of CaO is 57.06% which dominates over other oxides including SiO2 (8.78%) and Al2O3 (1.51%). While the remaining oxides are present in traces in the order of Fe2O3 (0.73%) > MgO (0.57%) > K2O (0.46%) > MnO (0.29%) > TiO2 (0.19%) > NiO (0.18) > Na2O (0.14%). Petrographic study shows the limestone is micritic and varies between packstone to Wackstone. Particle surface morphology using SEM analysis shows the occurrence of fine to medium grain size with compact characteristics which are good for cement manufacturing. Physically it is dark to light grey. Other physical characters such as Loss On Ignition mean value is about (1.40%), Insoluble Residue (9.5%), Specific Gravity (2.64%) and Moisture Content (0.09%) also meet the requirement of cement manufacturing. The ratios analysis revealed that the high value of lime saturated factor (2.1) as compared to other major oxides (SiO2 ,Al2O3 and Fe2O3). The occurrence of the higher amount of CaO in Parh limestone and the presence of other oxides in traces make Parh limestone suitable for white Portland cement manufacturing (WPC) due to the less amount of coloring element. The addition of the required amount of clay for balancing the lime saturated factor will make it feasible for the manufacturing of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). © International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water, ©Sun Jichao. The website is https://ijgsw.eu.org/ http://ijgsw.net/

593

Authors: Sun Jichao

Editor Board © International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water, ©Sun Jichao. The website is https://ijgsw.eu.org/ http://ijgsw.net/

625-643

Authors: Andrew Ako Ako, Osmanou Njoya

For many purposes of hydropower production, many reservoirs are built throughout the planet. Because of the processes of erosion and sedimentation, these infrastructures are facing a big problem of progressive reduction of their storage capacity. Consequently, a good knowledge of the change of storage for proper planning and management is very important. The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) was used to evaluate the gross erosion in the Lom Pangar catchment and the quantity of sediment that effectively reach the outlet of the catchment. The gross erosion was evaluated to be 47.2 million tons of soil per year with an average of 6.61 million tons per year that effectively reach the outlet. On the quantity that reaches the outlet, the Brune’s sediment trap efficiency was applied and 0.1% of Lom Pangar reservoir decreases per year, an amount smaller than the 1% of annual worldwide reduction of water reservoirs. ©International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water, The website is http://ijgsw.comze.com/

659-679

Authors: Jannatun Irana Ira, Md. Shahidul Islam, J C Misra, and Md. Kamrujjaman

In the last few decades, the dynamics of tumor cells and their growths are presented viaclinical, experimental, and theoretical approaches, which leads to the development of the new idea of multiple cancer therapies to control and reduce the death rate for earlier detection. In this paper, we discussed the dynamics of tumor cell growth and its treatment process. We analyzed some simple mathematical models and generalized the study to understand the growth of tumor cells. The main proposed model is a system of ordinary dierential equations which combines interactions among natural killer cells, dendritic cells and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. The model is solved numerically to explain how the tumor cells spread and become more dangerous as well as the treatment process of cancer. It is also studied that how the cell behaves in the presence of dierent therapy and drugs. The optimal control of chemotherapy has been discussed. It has also been explained how much the model is effective in reducing tumor cells over time. Finally, a couple of spatially distributed models are discussed for tumor cell growth. © International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water, ©Sun Jichao. The website is https://ijgsw.eu.org/ http://ijgsw.net/

529

Authors: Sun Jichao

Editor Board © International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water, ©Sun Jichao. The website is https://ijgsw.eu.org/ http://ijgsw.net/

541-556

Authors: Adnan Khan, Sumaira Asif Khan, Zubaid Saeed, Bisma Naz

Present study is aimed at assessment of landfill leachate migration impact on groundwater quality of Surjani Town. Groundwater samples (n=28) were collected at various depths (35-220m) and analyzed for various physicochemical characteristics. Data revealed that groundwater pH is highly fluctuating (ranges= 6.5 - 7.6; mean: 7.0) where about one third of total samples are acidic (range= 6.5 – 6.91). Remarkably high TDS content (range: 609 - 28100 mg/l; mean: 11946 mg/l) is reported. Major cations and anions vary in the order of Na (7293mg/l) > Ca (1049 mg/l) > Mg (998 mg/l) > K (44 mg/l) and Cl (5513 mg/l) > SO4 (2942 mg/l) > HCO3 (1408 mg/l) > NO3 (17 mg/l) respectively. Results of principal component analysis suggest landfill leachate percolation and mixing followed by water rock interaction in groundwater of study area. Extremely high concentration of measured parameters concluded that groundwater of Surjani Town is subjected to anthropogenic pollution by leaching of contaminants from Jam Chakro landfill site. © International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water, ©Sun Jichao. The website is https://ijgsw.eu.org/ http://ijgsw.net/

573-590

Authors: Nwaogu, N.R.* and O. Lawal

This study examined the disastrous impact of cult related activities on selected communities in Niger Delta region from 1999-2017. Using a cross-sectional design, the study explored the impact of cult related activities on communities, and the characteristics of vulnerable communities. The population of the study was made up of households of selected communities impacted by cult violence. Sample size was derived using the Taro Yamane equation and copies of the questionnaire were administered for data collection. The result showed that for cult impact on the communities, assassination, displacement and looting were ranked highest, while rape and shut down of health and worship centres were ranked least among the impacts identified. Among the assets impacted, residences, health facilities and farmlands were ranked highest while communication and security facilities were ranked least. The result further revealed that social activities such as hanging out, age grade meetings, social belonging and political power struggle were prevalent in communities mostly impacted by cult attacks while socio-economic characteristics of such places includes high illiteracy, petty trading, crude oil production, farming activities, illegal crude oil bunkering, poverty and high unemployment. In addition, issue such as land dispute, chieftaincy tussle, cultural festivities and town union events were prevalent in these communities. It is recommended that initiation of social investment programs as intervention measure to empower youths and keep them engaged should be considered for these areas. © International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water, ©Sun Jichao. The website is https://ijgsw.eu.org/ http://ijgsw.net/

475

Authors: Sun Jichao

Editor Board © International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water, ©Sun Jichao. The website is https://ijgsw.eu.org/ http://ijgsw.net/

503-524

Authors: Wali, Elekwachi, Phil-Eze, P.O., Nwankwoala, Hycienth.O., Bosco Abiahu, Lilian.C. and Emelu, Victoria . O.

The study analyzed changes in land use and land cover overtime in Port-Harcourt metropolis using remote sensing techniques from 1984-2013.The Geo-referencing properties of 1984, 1999, 2003 and 2013 include; universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projection, and datum WGS 84, zone 32, ERDAS Imagine (2014).These were used for displaying processing, enhancement, classification of the imageries and also used for the delineation of the study area imagery. IDRIS SELVA was used for the development of land use land cover classes. ArcGIS 10.1 was used in developing, display and processing of the location maps. Total percentage change and total rate of change for the entire trend after conversion are thus: Saltwater Wetland 23.44 %, to- 2.17, Freshwater Wetland -26.44%to- 11.49 Fallow land- 47.13%to- 5.41 Built-up Area 43.33% to 7.41Water bodies 43.36% to 3.06. The study recommended that activities shrinking wetlands size should be thoroughly put to check by the government and better efforts should be focused on those activities that inspire wetland conservation. © International Journal of Ground Sediment & Water, ©Sun Jichao. The website is https://ijgsw.eu.org/ http://ijgsw.net/