Junior Scientific Researcher

16-23

Authors: Salmiah 1 , Thomson Sebayang; Muhammad Khaliqi; Iskandar Muda

This research was conducted in Sempa Jaya Village, Berastagi Sub-district, Karo Regency, Indonesia. The research location is determined purposively based on the consideration that this village is horticulture production center and there is Credit Union (CU) Merdeka which give farm loan/credit to farmer. This research is aimed to analyze farmer preference to credit itself, by analyzing the most important credit attribute according to farmers. Through analysis of farmer preferences will be known level of farmer selection to credit based on credit attribute like service, supporting facility, requirement, time period, interest system and collateral. By knowing farmer preference to combination of credit attribute, credit institution can form credit system as expected by farmer, so that its utilization can be more effective and efficient. At the end of the targeted study, a new form of policy from government and credit institutions regarding the granting of credit towards farmer will be created, which will prevent the farmer to rent a credit to informal institution and individual.

41-52

Authors: Biljana Gramatkovski; Marija Ristevska; Jasminka Kochoska; Dance Sivakova-Neshkovski;

The human being has the inherent ability to acquire and use the speech, but only as an opportunity, being a predisposition. Social dialogue and development of intellectual and other abilities are also needed for the development of speech. The process of adoption of speech is not the result of shaping the environment of the child, but it is a process of creative creation. Children's speech is not a changed form of the speech of the grown-ups, but a special system based on predictable stadia, which is more likely to approach the speech of the grown-ups. Since speech is a very subjective indicator of the emotional, intellectual and social development of the child, the findings of the speech status and the functions of the speech by the educator are also significant in relation to the other components of the child's personality. Based on the results of the examination of the children’s language development, as well as the improvement of their language through the texts, various programs can be created for individual activities that will stimulate the development of the language and the speech as well as the wider emotional and intellectual development of the child.

3-17

Authors: Muhammad Rifky Santoso; Rina Br Bukit

Automotive industry contributes directly and indirectly to economic growth in Indonesia. Investment in this industry has increased after declining in the previous years. This paper examines some internal and external factors influencing the investment decision in this industry by using E-views for listed automotive company in Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2013 to 2017. This study finds that both net cash flow from operation and investment opportunity set (IOS) as internal factors have a significant and positive relationship to the investment decision. The capital market pressure as an external factor has a significant and negative relationship to the investment decision. The composition of the independence commissioner as an external factor does not have a significant relationship to the investment decision. By comparing the coefficient of the significant variables, the net cash flow from operation is a dominant factor in the investment decision. This fact relates to the report published by Bank Indonesia, as a central bank, that the increasing free cash flow of corporation enhances the investment in Indonesia. This study contributes as a reference to the free cash flow literatures and the capital market authority especially in the developing country

32-37

Authors: Minda Muliana Sebayang; Rina Bukit

The size of the company (size) is a factor that affects quality disclosure of environmental impacts. This is related to the number of assets owned by the company where large companies need more funds in managing their operations compared to smaller companies. Companies with large sizes also tend to pay more attention to the quality of disclosure of the company's environmental impact to obtain a good impression from stakeholders. This study aims to obtain empirical evidence about the characteristics of companies that influence the quality of disclosure of the company's environmental impact.

55-69

Authors: Carbunaru Andra Florentina

When it comes to follow the path of entrepreneurship, there are several factors influencing the decision of female entrepreneurs. The present study aimed to research the importance and influence that two categories of factors are exerting on this decision, as in regards to female entrepreneurs that are Romanian. Through using a questionnaire that evaluated several aspects of those influencing factors grouped as push and pull factors, the results were processed in the SPSS software via various methods such as Correlation tests, Pearson correlation, Factor analysis and linear regression. Those lead to the conclusion that for our particular sample of Romanian female entrepreneurs there are not applicable the same results as the theory implies. In our case, the sample is more focused and motivated by intrinsic benefits rather than extrinsic ones, choosing the entrepreneurial path due to pull factors rather than push ones as the specialty literature reflects.

5-49

Authors: David ROCHE

Aim: This review aims to outline the predisposing factors of HSIs and to determine any relationships between factors that may shed light on the best way to reduce HSI risk. This study will aim to bring together the causes, risk factors and interventions associated with HSIs to better understand why HSIs are as common in the sporting population. We are working under the hypothesis that HSIs are a combination of factors and not just a sole factor that can unlock the problem. Method: Five high-level pieces of research on each individual factor were researched and then funnelled down to the most relevant research to be included. Individual factors were then discussed and cross reverenced where applicable to other factors of HSIs. Where possible the referenced risk factors were highlighted by factors that may be linked to causing HSIs. Main Body: In total, there was 15 different risk factors researched and linked to each other to form a discussion that helped she light on how to combat risk factors and also help identify if there may be more than one factor for an athlete. Conclusion: This study gives an in-depth understanding of a wide range of risk factors for HSIs. It also shows that injuries will happen in sport. Furthermore, it highlights the fact HSIs are multifactorial and the only real way to combat them is to address each individuals risk factors to reduce the chance of injury via a baseline score of specfic tests around the HSIs factors.

49-66

Authors: Septi Utami Anugrah; Harmein Nasution; Nazaruddin

In Indonesia, turnover in hospital employees often occurs in private hospitals. Some private hospitals in Binjai city, find some obstacles in human resources because the turnover rate on nurses is quite high. Almost all hospitals have an average turnover rate above 10% every year and it is increasing. Basically, there are no hospitals can avoid the turnover, however, if the high turnover rate is immediately declined, it is feared to be able to interrupt the service to patients, and becomes a problem for the hospital as a whole. The purpose of this study is to determine the influencing factors of turnover on nurses at Private Hospitals in Binjai City, Indonesia. This research is categorized as Correlational Research. The population of this research was the nurses who have made a turnover and are working in private hospitals in Binjai City. There were 60 respondents taken as the sample of research. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression test. The results showed that there are simultaneously and significant effect on the following variables; job satisfaction; working environment has positive and significant effect; organizational commitment has positive and significant effect on turnover on nurses in private hospital nurses in Binjai city. Based on these results, the most influencing factor on turnover on nurses is job satisfaction.

80-90

Authors: Kelven Daniel Tambunan; Nazaruddin; Endang Sulistya Rini

PT Bank Sumut is one of the North Sumatra regional government-owned enterprises that have a lot of employes from different generations. More than 50% of PT Bank Sumut employees come from generation Y who should have better and higher performance than employees from other generations. However, the performance produced both in terms of asset and relative profit growth is still lagging behind other regional banks. The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of organizational commitment which consists of affective commitment, continuance commitment, and normative commitment to the performance of Y generation employees in PT Bank Sumut. The research type is correlational research. This research uses transformational leadership as a moderating variable that can strengthen or weaken the relationship of organizational commitment to the performance of generation Y employees. The number of samples from the employee population is 40 respondents. The population was generation Y employees aged 22-32 years at the headquarters of PT Bank Sumut. Data analysis uses multiple linear regression and variable moderation tests. The research results showed that there was a significant influence that affective commitment had a positive and significant effect; continuance commitment has a positive and significant effect; and normative commitment has a positive and significant effect on the performance Y-generation employee. Transformational leadership as a moderating variable to the performance of generation Y employees in PT Bank Sumut. From these results, the factors that most influence the performance of generation Y employees are affective commitment, continuance, and normative commitment

107-125

Authors: Siti Aisah Osro; Harmein Nasution; Isfenti Sadalia

Employee performance is the responsibility of employees to their work and the results achieved by the employees in performing the job given to them either in quantity or quality within a certain time. The goals of employee performance are to adjust employee expectation with organizational goals. Incompatibility between efforts to achieve employee performance goals with organizational goals will result in poor performance. Employee performance is influenced by internal and external factors. One of the internal factors that affect employee performance is emotional intelligence. This research analyzed the influence of emotional intelligence which consists of self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy and social skills on the performance of the Officer of Health Department of Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatera, Indonesia. The type of this research was causal research with cross-sectional study design. The subjects of this research were Civil Servants working in the Health Department of Deli Serdang Regency who occupied operative positions or staff of 100 people. The sampling used data were collected through interviews, questionnaires distribution and literature study. The data were analyzed using a multiple linear regression model, hypothesis and testing was done by using Ttest and F-test. This research was conducted at the Health Department of Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatera Province, Indonesia. The result showed that emotional intelligence which had a significant influence on the performance of Health Service Officers of Deli Serdang Regency was motivation and social skill. The results of the T-test showed that the emotional intelligence: selfawareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy and social skills simultaneously had a positive influence on the performance of the Health Department officers of Deli Serdang Regency. The results of the -test concluded that emotional intelligence: motivation and social skills had a positive and significant influence on the performance of the Health Department officers of Deli Serdang Regency. Emotional intelligence consisting of self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy and social skills had a positive and significant influence on the performance improvement of the Health Department officers of Deli Serdang Regency. The higher the emotional intelligence of the Health Department officers of Deli Serdang Regency, the better the employee performance, the lower the emotional intelligence, the lower the performance of the employees.

14-33

Authors: Budi Gautama Siregar; Ade Fatma Lubis; Azhar Maksum; Fachrudin

The purpose of this research is to examine and analyze Good Corporate Governance in moderating the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (as measured by economic, environmental and social), Default Risk (as measured by debt to equity ratio and debt to assets ratio) and Conservatism (as measured by earning / stock return relation, accruals and net assets) Earnings Management. The sample used is a manufacturing company during the period 2011- 2015. The total sample used is 170 samples. Sampling technique used is saturated sample method. The analytical model used in this research with Structural Equation Modeling. The results showed that Corporate Social Responsibility, as measured by the economy and environment, has a positive and significant effect on earning management, while Corporate Social Responsibility measured by social have negative and significant effect to earning management. Default risk, as measured by debt to equity ratio and debt to asset ratio, has positive and significant effect on Earnings Management. Also, conservatism measured by earning / stock return relation and accrual has adverse and insignificant effect on earning management. Good Corporate Governance moderates weakening the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility as measured by economic, environmental to Earnings Management. Meanwhile, the interaction of Corporate Social Responsibility proxy by social with good corporate governance has a positive and significant effect. Good Corporate Governance moderates weakening the effect of default risk measured by debt to equity ratio on Earnings Management, while the interaction between default risk measured by debt to asset ratio with good corporate governance has positive and insignificant effect, so GCG does not moderate the effect of default risk as measured by debt to asset ratio to Earnings Management. Another result was that good Corporate governance does not moderate Conservatism effect measured by Earning Stock Return and accrual to Earnings Management on manufacturing companies registered in ISSI on the Indonesia Stock Exchange

41-53

Authors: Bengkel Ginting; M. Arif Nasution; Subhilhar; R. Hamdani Harahap

Indonesia has an abundant fisheries resource. The potential has not been well this is marked by the small contribution of marine and fishery sector to the national income of only 14.7% of the total gross domestic product (GDP), compared to other countries. The dramatic phenomenon between the potential and utilization of marine resources implies to the predominant level of coastal communities who mostly work as fishermen at sea. In order to go to sea with a simple technology also with low human resources make the living standard of traditional fishermen may be categorized as poor. When compared to other farming groups in the agricultural sector, traditional fishermen are among the poorest. With an already many government empowerment programs, yet it has not managed to raise the standard of living for the traditional fishermen. The research is aimed to describe the implementation and weakness of Coastal Community Economy Empowerment Program (PEMP) and National Program of Community Empowerment of Independent Marine and Fisheries (PNPM-MKP) on the traditional fishermen of Percut Village, Percut Sei Tuan in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Type of research is descriptive with 10 traditional fishermen, the fishermen group committee and the marine and fisheries department’s officials. Data were collected by observation, in-depth interview and focus group discussion (FGD). The result of the study of socio-economic condition of traditional fishermen of Percut Village is badly seen from the indicators of housing and sanitation that are not suitable for healthy living, limited fishing equipment and over fishing catching areas.

73-81

Authors: Mergeani Nicea; Savu Ionel Dănuț

Qualification of personnel is a complex transformation of the workforce, which could be employed personnel, unemployed people or young graduates of EQF3 or EQF4 education system. Qualification is followed by certification, which is tool that is able to redraw the position of the workforce on the labour market, in full respect to the technical developments: mechanization, automation and robot. The paper presents the main elements related to the accessing of the qualification processes, taking as case study the situation of the welders who are replaced by mechanized devices. The welder becomes an operator and he is forced to access new qualification system, in order to receive the knowledge, the abilities and the competences which are necessary for the operating of the device. The structure of such qualification system is considered to be: definition of the qualification, access conditions, the curriculum for the training, examination conditions of the trained personnel and the type of the diploma to be offered to the trainee who passed the exams.

92-98

Authors: Mergeani Nicea

Increasing the rate of structural unemployment and increasing the duration of maintaining the status of the unemployed is becoming more and more serious for the new generations. That is due to the natural difference between young people's new way of thinking and the rigidity of a system of work built many years ago. At the same time, young people, under the urge to grow socially and economically faster than the current society allows, give up education and training to access the labour market sooner. The low number of competences accumulated in the limited time of education reduces the potential of new employees, making them the real victims of the labour market. Following a survey conducted in Dr. Tr. Severin, lacks of competences were identified. They should be solved through a correct and coherent education in the national educational system, until the end of the gymnasium cycle. The most important of these are the lack of technological skills of young people under the age of 25 and the lack of digital skills among adults aged over 55.

121-133

Authors: Ersilia CATRINA

In the context of various changes in the players' composition on the insurance market, along with the changes that take place in the legislative area of the insurance system, we ask ourselves whether insurance is a guaranteed risk or a risk assumed by secure? At national level, due to the fact that within the insurance companies the internal control is not well implemented, there is no staff to pursue this goal and no mitigating measures are taken so that the risks triggered by the human decision-making factor be decreased. Because of this fact, the insurance can become a lottery for the insuree at one point because either the insuree cannot cover the damage s/he has secured, or s/he can lose as a result of some decisions taken by a representative of the insurance company. Therefore, a well-implemented and managed internal control can save both the activity of an insurance company as well as its image. That will generate a profitability, a good reputation for the insurance company, as well as policy-holders’ satisfaction. In this paper we aim to highlight the importance of internal control within insurance companies, as well as the consequences arising from a lack of internal control or its existence at a declarative level only.

147-158

Authors: Florentina Istrate

The specialized economic literature contains numerous reference works in the field of taxation, but those dedicated exclusively to tax evasion are not very numerous. Due to the increasing necessity of the decryption of this phenomenon, given the ingenuity of its manifestations, , I consider it a good opportunity to comment it in the light of the distortions it induces upon the functioning of the competitive market economy circuit. From this perspective, efficient combating of the phenomenon must be a priority both at the level of the national governmental authorities and at the level of the international bodies charged with the detection and sanctioning of financial-tax frauds. As an economic and social phenomenon with the most ingenious manifestations, tax evasion has particularly damaging consequences both at the macroeconomic level and at the level of the individual.

9-18

Authors: Mergeani Nicea; Dănciulescu Andreea-Gabriela; Dănciulescu Romeo

An active life on the labour market implies, besides the existence of jobs, continuous education and training of adults. Regardless of age, every person needs new knowledge, which one can obtain either by self-teaching or by attending training courses. The development of technology and information influences lifelong learning, which is why, in recent years, greater emphasis has been put on the education and training of adults. In this respect numerous Centers of Professional Training of Adults have been established, some of them attracting their learners through the implementation of projects financed from European funds, which meant free participation of adults to various courses of specialization, training or (re)qualification. The article highlights the importance of continuous education and training of adults related to the economic and social benefits deriving from it. The article analyzes some of the aspects of continuous education and training of adults that fosters active participation of adults in the labour market, concluding that, for an active professional life, the establishment of relationships between employers, employees, trainers and learners is required.

26-41

Authors: Marin Mirea

Social assistance is an important component of the national and international economy and indicates the degree of development of local and national government, being an important element in the composition of the administration budget. A sensitive and, at the same time, special issue of social policies is the need of social assistants, which over time has led to political confrontations, electoral strategies, but also to the construction and implementation of economic strategies in order to track, guide and diminish the number of social assistants and reduce the budget burden. Local and national budgets are affected by the number of social assistants, and accurately categorizing them in well-defined categories can generate targeted policies with varying degrees of implementation among social assistants, depending on the category they belong to, generating social assistance where appropriate, and a reduction in the number of social assistants who should not benefit from this form of assistance. Through this article we want to highlight the close link between the social aid granted by the state through the social assistance programs offered to the people able to carry out gainful employment, the consequences of these social assistance measures on the labor market and the influence of this phenomenon in the local economy and national.

52-69

Authors: Ersilia Catrina

The insurance market can be considered a market where all sorts of anomalies can be encountered or a current acquisition for a situation considered to be certain or relative future, depending on the type of insurance. For the most part, assurance is based on a premise, a hypothesis that is generally based on several factors of influence. Generally, the most important factors in making such a decision are generated by the human-sensitive factor or the economicprotective. Therefore, by joining the insurance market and purchasing any kind of insurance, we must also take into account the risks that arise from these products. Generally, most people perceive these insurance policies in different areas as a future guarantee without considering additional elements that can highlight risk elements that may alter the expected outcome of the acquirer. An important element to mitigate these risks would be the implementation and use of internal control over the supply chain, control that would make a difference between an activity under normal, predictable and legal conditions and a random activity with many elements of risk that can cause major damage to those involved, and to the insurer and the insured. Through this paper, the author aimed to highlight the importance of internal control in insurance companies, as well as the consequences of the lack of internal control within these societies.