Jangwa Pana

23 - 39

Authors: Sarahi Isuki Castelli-Olvera

In this article, we start from the consideration that manga X, created by the collective CLAMP between 1994 and 2003, and published in Mexico by Editorial Vid between 2002 and 2005, is a story whose overarching principle corresponds to the various elements of the New Age. We base this on the following assumptions: first in this manga, the sephirotic tree, the B.O.T.A. tarot and the aspects of Enochian magic, typical of western esoterism, are present iconographically. Second, Kamui, the subject of the story, represents God, so that his actions determine the entire narrative; besides, it has a twin star (Fuma), which fulfills the function of being its complementary opposite. Finally, the apocalypse is detonated by the well-being of the Earth, which arises as an organism with its own life and is intended to survive the destruction of humanity. We carry out this analysis taking up the notion of an overarching principle, as well as the importance of the source, present in the historical method. In addition to the above, we use the paradigm of indicial inferences proposed by Carlo Ginzburg, the elements of structural analysis of Helena Beristain’s story and the notion of postmodernity introduced by Fredrick Jameson. The primary sources would be the 18 volumes of X published in Mexico.

61 - 71

Authors: Diego Maté

From its beginnings, videogames deployed an esthetic spectrum that made new forms of representing death possible. It could be thought that differences between videogame and other media, such as cinema, arise from the clash between two great cultural forms: storytelling and gaming. But current context shows a scenario that is full of mixtures and connections between them. In this work, characteristic features of death representation in videogames –such as recurrence, insertion in a playful regime, distance from typical semantizations of narrative genres, and tendency to disrupt the story– are pointed out. In addition, this work describes two great representative strategies that the medium elaborated in different moments of its history. At present, both of them coexist and to a great extent dominate the video-ludic landscape. One strategy consists in invisibilizing the act of dying; in the other one, death is spectacularized through an audiovisual maximization. These two forms do not present themselves in a pure state nor do they exclude other possible representative paths, but they allow us to observe tendencies that enjoyed (and enjoy) a great stability. Finally, four cases are analyzed. Such cases produce a deviation from the implementation of the act of dying as a penalty and as a regression of ludic nature, and propose alternative solutions to the question about the representation of death.

87 - 99

Authors: Jesús Eduardo Oliva-Abarca

This article aims to study the abridged series, a type of western fan made parodies that use summarized original footage from famous animes. This phenomenon has become popular on Youtube and shows the possibilities of adaptation and transformation at the hands of the anime fans through new media and new technologies. Also, abridged series demonstrate the tendency of fans to employ the parody as a way to apprehend the media universe and as critical commentary about reality. In the context of digital culture, the abridged series based on Dragon Ball Z, Yu Gi Oh!, and JoJo’s Bizarre Adventure are analyzed through reviewing the parody, the intertextuality, and the intermediality theories. From this exam, it can be concluded the following: firstly, this type of parodies are closely related with other fan made expressions, such as fanfictions or fanfics, fansub, fandub, fanart, fanfilms, and fangames. Secondly, abridged series, as well as any other fan made recreations of anime, are intertextual and intermedial devices that refer to constituted textual worlds to convergent media. Finally, fictional and media universes can be conceived as artifacts to comprehend and to communicate reality. Coupled with this, abridged series, as parodic fan made recreations of anime, are a way to the reinterpretation of these worlds, as well as a form by which fans appropriate the reality, or realities, referred by the anime and other cultural products.

117-133

Authors: Edixon Quiñones-Reyes y Samuel Ávila

This paper reports animal sacrifices witnessed between 2010 and 2013, during exhumations performed by the forensic team of Serious Crimes Investigation Team (SCIT) of the United Nations Mission in East Timor (UNMIT). The exhumations were carried out within the framework of the investigations conducted by the United Nations (UN) to clarify the crimes committed during the armed conflict in East Timor in 1999. Therefore, the bodies exhumed correspond to the victims of this event. In this pages, the sacrifices are subject to an anthropological interpretation, with a symbolic perspective. To this end, the procedures, artifacts and other elements, present in the practices observed, are described in detail, arguing that this practice corresponds to older traditions, previous to the imposition of the Catholic religion in Timor, and it was a mechanism of interaction among the family group, as well as a tool of communication with the afterlife.

38-53

Authors: Andrés Felipe Ochoa-Cubillos, Edgar Alonso Vanegas-Carvajal & Sandra Lucía Arizabaleta-Domínguez

From a critical hermeneutic analysis, this article aims at reclaiming the idea of human dignity as part of corporate ethics and responsibility in the post-conflict and/or peace-building context in Colombia. Through the documentary review of articles, books, research reports and institutional reports, related to different national and international conflicts, the roles that public, private and third sector organizations must perform to guarantee peace-building are established. Based on that, some ethical minimums related to the respect and endorsement of human rights and labor standards are proposed.

67-75

Authors: William Andrés Martínez-Dueñas & Astrid Lorena Perafán-Ledezma

This article centers around the relationship between anthropology and history, specifically around how the past is dealt with in ethnographic processes. Several authors are reviewed, who have approached history and/or the past from ethnographic perspectives. Such approaches are then studied in organizational political processes, in ethnographic accounts of fights for land, and in the re-interpretation of past events from the perspective of different actors and agents. By this means, it will be clear that historical narratives can be told from different angles and can have different goals, from rendering power relationships evident to attempting to achieve practical wins. Ethnography is, thus, a useful tool for approaching such processes.

90-102

Authors: Adriana Consuegra-Ascanio & Karen Mercado-Villarreal

Social sciences have conceived several methods, approaches and methodological tools to tackle the complexity of social reality and get to transform it in depth. Yet, the dominant view has followed a neoliberal model that merely proposes specific guidelines aimed at promoting both individual and collective actions that strengthen status quo and keep dominant practices in place. On the contrary, this article highlights four key aspects of Participatory Action Research (PAR), that make it a methodological alternative to promote social changes. First: PAR as a way to decolonize proper knowledge in social sciences and through them. Second: PAR as a critical stance towards the hegemonic economic and political model. Third, PAR as a pedagogical frame to think of research and education as emancipatory actions, and finally, PAR as a political option for social change in Colombia. It is highlighted the role of social movements in getting structural transformations. Also, the relevance of PAR as a methodology combining action and reflection on many-faceted and ever-changing social realities is addressed.

112-121

Authors: Fernanda Torres-Gómez

Given the current panorama of implementation of the Havana Peace Agreements, Colombian society is going through a historic moment of hope and uncertainty, in which it is a priority to rethink our intervention in the social sphere. This article aims to present a set of perspectives and challenges for the professional intervention from the socio-therapy with action without damage, product of a qualitative research exercise, with a hermeneutical approach, under the modality of documentary research and analysis of content, which raises the reflection of the professional practice in the integral reparation of victims in the Capital District (Bogotá). The findings suggest that it is important to re-signify the impacts of armed conflict from ethical-political professional interventions that address the management of emotions. This will help to guarantee the rights of all citizens by mobilizing their resources and will increase the possibility of democratic building of peace. The importance of thinking about the place of the self-care and reflexivity of the professional in the processes of intervention with victims is identified because of the emotional risks generated by this social scenario.

169 - 178

Authors: Juan Pablo Cepeda-Bolívar

This article aims to document the processes of political agency and political subjectivity of a transgender group called Transgender Community Network (Red Comunitaria Trans), in Bogotá. Using secondary sources and a micro-historical and hermeneutical approach, political subjectivity, main organizational milestones and political agency are reviewed. It is concluded that the female network has become a reference group thanks to their work on social memory and identity, their projects aiming at political formation and at fighting for their rights, as well as to their positioning at local levels as a group promoting legal actions including the Gender Identity Act.

197 - 216

Authors: Edgar Fernández-Fonseca & Fernando Cardona-Sánchez

The object of this work focuses on characterizing research studies conducted on social leadership and community leadership, between 2004-2014, by research groups classified in Colciencias and attached to universities and research centers in Bogota city. Providing a critical and reflective social and community leadership, from the state of the art, opens up the range of possibilities to get to know what has already been researched, but it also promotes leadership training by means of getting acquainted with the methodologies undertaken by leaders. The main approaches found on to the documentary corpus are the other side of the coin, making difficult the conceptual and methodological approach. However, it can be noted that institutional agency marked by technical and specialized rationality prevails in the social leadership, while on the other hand, in the community leadership, actions directed to collective empowerment under a pragmatic rationality that is territory-and-identity based predominate.

235 - 249

Authors: Gustavo de Oliveira Figueiredo

The occupation of urban space in Brazil is a reflection of the historical contradictions and internal struggles of society itself. Studying the phenomenon of the favelas in Rio de Janeiro, we have tried to understand how they historically constituted a relevant topic for Brazilian society and how its population reacts and strives for better living conditions. Problems, challenges, resistance, popular movements, ideologies, the strength of the State, the power struggle and the conflict generated by the occupation of the urban land, the housing issue and the reflections of inequality and social exclusion were discussed. We identified multiple proposals for social development and sought to understand how the different models of urbanization in the city consider the favela as a cause or as a consequence of various social problems in large Brazilian cities. Finally, characterizing the forces in dispute, we analyze the phenomenon in the current context of rapid changes in which the city lives on account of the real estate speculation promoted by its internationalization.

267 - 281

Authors: Fernando Lara-Piña & Emma Hilda Ortega-Rodríguez

This article provides an overview of the actions taken by the Mexican government to address the cultural and linguistic diversity, especially at the elementary and undergraduate levels. The article aims at detecting contexts, actions and main actors involved in this problematic topic which has a direct effect on the development of sociolinguistic researches that could contribute to create a policy on intercultural language.

09-12

Authors: William Andrés Martínez Dueñas

In this occasion I have taken the presumption of suggesting to our potential authors and readers a topic that I consider to be relevant in what we can call studies of the popular culture. As it promises to be in the title, the topic turns concerning the notion of fitness. I say notion because one does not refer to the concept very well developed in the natural sciences, but to the polysemic appropriation of this one concerning the practices and contemporary representations on the body, associated with tecno-scientific ideas of health and physical conditioning.

28-42

Authors: Wilmer Hernández-Velandia

This article presents the results of an ethnographic research where twelve discourses of cultural, political party and social leaders of the municipality of San Gil were collected, in the run-up to the Legislative Elections of 2010 in Colombia. Thus, it distinguishes two proposals: it identifies two organizational trends, the partisan and the social autonomy, each having different interpretations of local problems, proposed solutions, identified social roles and key concepts. On the other hand, it deducts two types of power, representative and diversifying, explaining how they strengthen or weaken in either organizational trend.

58-70

Authors: Edwin Giovanni Quesada-Cárdenas, Clara Inés Villamil-Guzmán

This research article describes the preparation of traditional culinary dishes of the Sotaquirá town(Boyacá), these are part of the ancestral knowledge that had kept throughout generations in the inhabitants of the municipality, and characterizing the sotaquireña community. In addition, it is exposed some facts related to the management of the municipal administration (2012-2015), which promoted the permanence and recognition of those traditional knowledge as cultural heritage. This is results of a research process called “Peasant Identity according to its traditional occupations in the municipality of Sotaquirá (2013-2015)”; which are necessary to keep on the identity of the peasants in the town of Sotaquirá. The methodological focus was qualitative, by using socio- critical. It was used the interview and participant observation for recognizing the importance of the dishes that are essential to configure the aspects of the Identity of sotaquireños community. This investigation was important because it created reflection spaces in the participants taking into account culinary traditional occupations in the municipality, thus, the participants recognized the value of their traditional dishes as a cultural heritage, and the peculiarities of their preparation according to home contexts.

88-104

Authors: Diego Mauricio Cortes

Taking as a case study the media representation on the 2008 Minga de Resistencia Social y Comunitaria (MRSC), this paper shows how the largest newspapers of national circulation, El Tiempo and El Espectador, and the TV News Caracol and RCN, represent the grievances of traditionally Colombian excluded sectors. Based on a content analysis of 238 newspaper articles and the news reports during this uprising, these document shows the visual and linguistic techniques employed by these media outlets to criminalize and make invisible, depending on the case and context, the politicalactions of these communities. As a conclusion, it is discussed how this type of representation is a result of three factors that affect mass media journalism in Colombia: the monopoly over mass media by small elite, the problems endured by journalists, and the ideological affinity between journalism and power in Colombia.

117-128

Authors: Wilhelm Londoño

This paper addresses two topics related to the current situation of archaeology in Latin America and Colombia. The first section of the paper deals with the impact of contract archaeology in Colombia. The fact that programs of contract or preventive archaeology have rocketed in recent years is well known. Less known, however, are the broad tendencies and dimensions of this phenomenon. The second issue discussed here is the relationship between global tourism politics and processes of local recovery and enhancement of heritage assets, which will be explored through the analysis of two archaeological sites. The recovery and touristification of an archaeological site is used as starting point to reflect about the differences between a new tendency in archaeological contract opposed to the dominant tendency in the field.

149 - 164

Authors: Neus Caparrós-Civera & Esther Raya-Diez

The article reflects the work done in a cooperation project on people with disabilities in the region of Piura. Is presented with reference to two physical movements, rotation and translation, reference figures that we used to frame all the actions that were carried out before, during and after the cooperation. The main reason for undertaking the project was the motivation provided by the concept of social work as a discipline committed to the reality of those less favored. The project responds to the concern to make visible a hidden group in the reality studied, people with disabilities, with the hope that actions like this will be increasingly in the territory and outside to encourage their development and welfare

181 - 196

Authors: Nidia Yolive Vera-Angarita , Liliana Zoraida Vera-Angarita, Carlos José Gil-Jurado

Starting from the assumption of a nonexistent rural school given that the current educational institution, which performs in that context, assumes an inappropriate vision of its reality which is identified by the possession of a set of economical and socio-cultural characteristics and defined as a form of existence both distinct and differentiable. This, therefore, brings forward the fact that rural schools need to adopt a rediscovery of the nature of the countryside realm as a basic condition for the elaboration of a suitable educational proposal able to cope with particularities, issues and expectations of the rural sphere, particularly, capable of facing the challenges that globalization processes set out to this form of existence.

212 - 222

Authors: Sonia Amparo Guerrero-Cabrera

Given the great importance of literary journalism has been gaining in the West, this work performs a scan of the main circumstances which allowed the emergence of it; then it resorts to one of the greatest representatives of this field to state its essential characteristics. Based on the book Portraits and meetings (2003) of Gay Talese, the key components of literary journalism are exemplified.

240 - 250

Authors: Nelson Orlando Vargas-Montañez

The purpose of this text is to recognize the role of memory as a device in recognition of the moral wounds. Memory is an essential part of the human condition, but also of the identity of peoples. Mentioning the memory it is based on the recognition of subjects, resulting in the memory as a synthesis of non-forgetting, since the memory makes wounds will heal. Open wounds can recognize the sense of memory in the social baggage, but this is possible only to the extent that there is dialogue between individuals. It is in the dialogue in which we re-mean as social subjects since we have the opportunity to realize ourselves, re-position ourselves and build the diversity that is the strength of recognition of peoples. To achieve the goal of the subject is relevant to address a structure to deal with the epistemological discussion established within a framework of “memory and forgetfulness in the field of democracy.” Thus, the analysis is enrolled in qualitative research with a hermeneutical approach, which will explore and read the texts and situations presented subjects.