Buletin Kebun Raya

1-8

Authors: I Putu Agus Hendra Wibawa, Agung Kurniawan, Bayu Adjie

Dioscorea tuber has many benefits, for example as food or as traditional medicine. The high carbohydrate and protein contents make this plant suitable as a food. However, the presence of crystal oxalate, that causes irritation is an disadvantage aspect on the development of this species. Both of wild and cultivated species will assure the gene flow which is important in efforts to improve the tuber quality should be examine further. This research aimed to observe the biodiversity of Dioscorea in Bali and Lombok, to recognize the utilization and to reveal their nutrients (carbohydrate, protein and fat) and also the contents of calcium oxalate. The results showed that there are five Dioscorea spesies, namely Dioscorea alata L. (ubi) (11 cultivars), Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill (ubi aung), Dioscorea hispida Dennst. (gadung), Dioscorea bulbifera L. and Dioscorea pentaphylla L. The highest carbohydrate content (87,42% ) is found in D. alata (ubi ungu cultivar) from Lombok, while the highest protein content (5,05%.) is found in D. alata (ubi dadap cultivar) from Singaraja, Bali. Furthermore, the highest percentage of fat content (0,85%) is found in D. bulbifera from Karangasem, Bali, whereas the high quantity of glaucomannan (44,52%.) id found in D. pentaphylla from Tabanan, Bali, while D. esculenta from Jembarana, Bali has the highest calcium oxalate (0,57%), and D. alata (ubi injin cultivar) from Karangasem, Bali has the least calcium oxalate (0,18%).

19-28

Authors: Ning Wikan Utami

This study was conducted to determine the effect of growth hormones and mycorhyza application on the growth of ramin cuttings. A Completely Randomized Design with 5 replicates was used in this study. The experiment consisted of two stages i.e hormon treatments (control, Rapid root, Root Up, IBA 250 mg/l, IBA 500 mg/l, IBA 1000 mg/l), Fusarium and mycorhyza applications. The result showed that the highest number of root was obtained from Root Up (12,83 cm), while the lowest was from Fusarium treatments (4,67 cm). IBA 250 mg/l enhanced the number of roots and the length of root significantly but not stimulate the development of new leaf. While mycorhyza application improving the growth of the new leaf and the root development of ramin.

46-52

Authors: Iyan Robiansyah

While quadrat shape of 10 x 10m has been commonly used in tree studies, the efficiency of this shape compared to the other shapes of size 100 m2 has not been tested. In this study, effect of various shapes of 100 m2 quadrat on measurement of Scots Pine (Pinus silvestris L.) density and basal area would be assessed. The aim was to assess the effect of quadrat shapes of 10 x 10m, 5 x 20m and 2 x 50m on the estimation of density and basal area of the pine in two woodlands in Norwich and to find the most efficient shape, statistically and with respect to sampling time. The results from all quadrat shapes similarly showed that the density and basal area of the Pines between two woodlands were significantly different. In site with lower pine density, the density and basal area measurement were not affected by variety of quadrat shapes. In site where the density of the Pine was higher, however, mean density and basal area measurement using 2x50m quadrat gave higher value than of the other two shapes. In term of efficiency, all shapes were not significantly different in statistical precision and sampling time. Shape of 5x20m, however, was more preferable as it required fewer samples before the mean of density and basal area always falls inside the 95% confidence interval of whole samples mean.

1-7

Authors: Eko Baroto Walujo

Sejarah kehidupan menunjukkan bahwa mikroba memprakarsai munculnya kehidupan, yang kemudian diikuti oleh tanaman berhijau daun, hewan dan manusia. Meskipun manusia sebenarnya muncul setelah bentuk­bentuk kehidupan lainnya, namun pada kenyataannya, manusia telah mengalami evolusi sebagai makluk yang paling sempurna. Karena evolusi seperti itu, manusia dapat mengembangkan peradaban sehingga mampu mengubah gaya hidupnya. Dalam hal ini, teori adaptasi dan integrasi menjadi penting dalam menjaga stabilitas hubungan antara organisme satu dengan lainnya dalam sebuah ekosistem. Dengan demikian, ekosistem dengan segala relung dan isinya adalah realitas yang dinamis dan terus menerus berubah. Dalam artikel ini akan diuraikan dan dijelaskan hubungan keterkaitan antara kebudayaan di Indonesia dalam konteks konservasi sumberdaya alam dalam studi ekologi manusia (human ecology).

19-28

Authors: Sri Rahayu

Morphological relationships analysis of Hoya species from Sumatra was carried out. The study was taken both from the living collections at Bogor Botanic Garden and the herbarium specimens at Herbarium Bogoriense. There are 25 Hoya species in Sumatra resulted from the total of 129 samples number. Cluster analysis was run by Clique of Phylip software based on morphological diagnostic characters. Five paraphiletic groups were resulted from the phylogenic analyses. The groups constructed from this analysis were tending to be identical with the Schlecter's section classification.

37-45

Authors: Musyarofah Zuhri, Zaenal Mutaqien

After Meijer had conducted ecological study on Mt. Gede Pangrango in 1959, the subsequent study did not monitor its d inamics. This study aimed to compare current vegetation composition and tree structure with past 50 years data based on Meijer publication. One hectare permanent plot reconstructed at submontane zone to identi fy vegetation changes during 50 years on August 2009. Vegetation analyses method was similar with 50 years ago include field tree identification, diameter at breast height (dbh), tree height, and first branch height. Result showed the species richness decreased from 233 to 166 species, diversity index (H') slightly changed from 3.39 to 3.29, and similarity index indicated the differentiation of both tree communities was 51%. Further r nore, from 63 tree species presented in 2009, 47 species was similar with 50 years ago and 16 species know n as new record. Moreover, 18 tree species recorded in 1959 had lost in 2009 i.e., Ehretia javanica, Heli( 7ia javanica, Mischocarpus frutescens, Saurauia bracteosa, Wedlandia glabrata, etc. The highest abundance oi I both studies was Villebrunea rubescens. The changes of vegetation composition and tree structure may have been caused by (1) wind disaster occurred on 1984; (2) human pressured from the nearest village; and (3 ) natural forest regeneration towards climax condition.

40-50

Authors: Danang Wahyu Purnomo, R. Hendrian, Joko Ridho Witono, Yayan Wahyu Candra Kusuma, Rosniati Apriani Risna, Mustaid Siregar

Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC) has a very close link to the works of botanic gardens. It highlights the importance of ex situ collections of threatened plants and their recovery programme. The aim of this paper was to present the Indonesian Botanic Gardens' achievements in implementing Target 8 of the GSPC. It is shown that to date 21.5% of Indonesian threatened plants have already been collected ex situ in Indonesian Botanic Gardens. The reintroduction programme was also initiated. In its 14th meeting this year, SBSTTA recommended proposal for an updated GSPC (for 2011-2020), in which the Target 8 was changed to "At least 75 per cent of threatened plant species in ex situ collections" (from formerly 60 per cent). Thus, further work is still needed to increase these achievements.

65-68

Authors: Herwig Zahorka

Tiga kuncup Rhizanthes infanticida ditemukan pada bulan Juli 2007 di hutan dipterokarpa Gunung Malintang 'Massive', Pasaman Barat, Sumatera Barat pada ketinggian 1.100 m dan 1.200 m dpl. Kuncup terbesar telah mekar dua cupingnya yang ujungnya seperti cacing yang mirip dengan Rhizanthes lowii.

79-85

Authors: Lazarus Agus Sukamto, Mujiono Mujiono

Potongan kuncup bunga digunakan sebagai eksplan yang ditumbuhkan pada media dasar Murashige and Skoog (MS) dengan tambahan 0; 0.1; 0.5; 1 and 5 mg/I 2,4-D atau Picloram dan 2 g/I Phytagel. Eksplan tumbuh menjadi kalus pada media yang ditambahkan 0,1 dan 1 mg/I 2,4-D atau 0,5 dan 1 mg/I Picloram. Kultur kalus tersebut dipelihara pada media MS + 1 mg/I 2,4-D. Kemudian kalus ditumbuhkan pada medium dengan penambahan 1, 3, 5 dan 10 mg/I 2,4-D atau Picloram. Setelah dua bulan 66,67-100% kultur membentuk kalus. Semua kalus berstruktur kompak. Beberapa kalus yang diperlakuan dengan 5-10 mg/I 2,4-D menumbuhkan benang-benang putih pada permukaannya. Perlakuan Picloram menghasilkan kalus yang lebih banyak, tetapi 2,4-D menghasilkan kualitas kalus yang lebih baik. Kalus R. arnoldii tidak membentuk somatik embrio dengan penambahan 0,1 mg/I Zeatin dalam media kultur. Ini adalah laporan yang pertama kali tentang pembentukan kalus dari kultur R. arnoldii secara in vitro.

1-7

Authors: Titien Ng. Praptosuwiryo

Gametofit Asplenium nidus L dari Kalimantan Barat diamati dengan mengecambahkan spora pada media campuran akar paku pohon dan arang sekam (1:1). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan bukti taksonomi baru untuk mendukung keberadaan jenis komplek dalam A. nidus. Spora coklat tua simetris bilateral yang berkecambah menghasilkan benang berklorofil yang terdiri atas 4-6 sel. Rizoid berkecambah pada sisi polar, sedangkan benang berklorofil pada sisi ekuator. Pembentukan piringan berawal pada sel sub terminal dari benang yang berkecambah pada hari ke-12 dengan pembelahan sel secara mencong. Rizoid terbentuk lagi pada sel-sel pangkal atau semi pangkal pada piringan. Gametofit muda berbentuk jantung panjang dan anteridium muda mulai timbul pada umur 60 hari. Gametofit dewasa menjantung dan menghasilkan anteridium dewasa mulai umur 75 hari. Gametofit hermaprodit dan betina tidak ditemukan. Sporofit muda mulai muncul pada umur 90 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ciri-ciri morfologi gametofit menambah bukti taksonomi dalam mendukung keberadaan jenis komplek atau jenis tersembunyi dalam A. nidus.

12-18

Authors: Sahromi Sahromi, Sri Wahyuni, Didit Okta Pribadi

Treating gaharu (Aquilaria microcarpa) seedlings with inorganic fertilizers is essential to obtain vigorous seeds with high adaptability for establishment on the field. The aims of this research were to find out the effect of fertilization on the survival and growth rate of Aquilaria microcarpa seedlings and to identify appropriate dosage of fertilizer that could increase the growth optimally. Complete Random Design was employed with two treatments i.e. using root fertilizer (Urea, TSP, KCL) with 5 dosage levels and using leaf fertilizer (Gandasil D and Bayfolan) with 7 dosage levels. Data was analyzed by using statistic descriptive and analysis of variance (ANOVA) method. The parameters used were seedling survival rate, height increase and number of leaves. The result showed that the two fertilizers could increase survival rate of the seedling. However, higher dosage of root fertilizer was followed by lower survival rate. The treatment using root fertilizer had a significant effect on the number of leaves, whereas treatment using leaf fertilizer had a significant effect on the increase of the seedling height. Adding leaf fertilizer is considered more useful in terms of survival and growth rate.

28-34

Authors: Wawan Sujarwo, Ida Bagus Ketut Arinasa, I Nyoman Peneng

Bamboo occurs from lowland to highland. It is commonly utilized for construction, handicrafts and households, but its use as medicine is less known. This inventory revealed that there are six bamboo species that are potential to be used as medicine, i.e. bambu tali (Gigantochloa opus (J.A. & J.H. Schult.) Kurz), bambu ampel gading (Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex Wendl. var stricta), bambu pingit (Gigantochloa hasskarliana (Kurz) Backer ex Heyne), bambu tamblang gading (Schizostachyum brachycladum Kurz), bambu buluh lengis (Schizostachyum lima (Blanco) Merr.) and bambu petung (Dendrocalamus asper (Schult.) Backer ex Heyne). Further research is needed to determine the content of active compounds of those bamboo.

41-48

Authors: Peter Wyse Jackson

The last twenty to thirty years can be said to constitute a new renaissance botanical gardens around the world. One of the main causes is the growing concern of the world community associated with the issue of loss of biodiversity. In addition, because a greater need to be institutions that take part actively in the field of conservation of plant resources. Community botanical garden world is experiencing rapid development, not only in terms of the number of new botanical garden that is built up but also of the purpose and function. There are currently no less than 2,500 botanical gardens worldwide. To prepare for a global framework for policies, programs and priorities of the botanical garden world in the field of conservation of biodiversity, in 2000 BGCI has published the International Agenda for Botanic Gardens in Conservation, which contained the botanical garden's global mission.

55-60

Authors: Annisa Satyanti, Harun Al-Rasjid, Mimin Mimin

Morfologi kotiledon dari sebelas jenis tumbuhan suku Bignoniaceae diamati sebagai upaya untuk identifikasi lapangan. Kotiledon pada suku Bignoniaceae memiliki karakter unik dan jarang ditemukan pada suku tumbuhan lain. Ujungnya berbelah dua dan berbentuk hati. Karakter unik ini dapat digunakan untuk identifikasi tumbuhan di lapangan, terutama pada fase semai. Sudut kedua parakotiledon, sudut belahan pada ujung para-kotiledon, dan panjang parakotiledon dapat digunakan untuk membedakan tribus dalam suku Bignoniaceae. Namun demikian, penelitian lanjutan yang menggunakan lebih banyak jenis diperlukan untuk menguatkan hasil awal ini.

69-77

Authors: Eka Martha Della Rahayu

Malesia is the center of Dipterocarps diversity in the world, with most species found in Indonesia. Sadly, their existence is threatened by illegal logging, extensive exploitation, and habitat conversion. There are 143 Indonesian Dipterocarps categorized as threatened in the IUCN Red List. Bogor Botanic Garden (BBG) is one of the leading institutions focuses on ex situ conservation of plants. Dipterocarps collection in the BBG represents 41.5% of Dipterocarps of Sumatra, 17.0% of Dipterocarps of Kalimantan, 77.8% of Dipterocarps of Java, 66.7% of Dipterocarps of Bali and Nusa Tenggara, 57.1% of Dipterocarps of Sulawesi, 66.7% Dipterocarps of Moluccas, and 8.3% Dipterocarps of Papua. Totally, BBG has only conserved about 37.8% of threatened Indonesian Dipterocarps, still far from the target aimed by the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (60% conserved). The BBG has initiated genetic resource conservation of Dipterocarps, through seed preservation. Since most Dipterocarps have recalcitrant seeds, conventional storage methods cannot be used. One of the alternative solutions is to cryopreserve the excised embryo or embryonic axes to overcome the limits of conventional storage methods. Collection of threatened and endemic species along with research on embryo culture and cryopreservation should be intensified in the future.