Studia Universitatis Moldaviae. Stiinte Exacte si Economice

3-7

Authors: Vasile BOTNARIUC, Leonid GORCEAC, Andrei COVAL, Boric CINIC, Petru GAUGAŞ, Petru M. CHETRUŞ, Sergiu MOLDOVANU, Simion RAEVSCHI

ZnO thin layers were grown from zinc acetate dissolved in methanol-acetic acid-water solution with the molarity of 0.2M by using the pulverization method in an argon flow at the temperatures of 250-450°C. The temperature dependence of electrical and optical properties of the obtained layers were studied. The optical transmittance at the wavelengths of (300 -1000) nm has the values of 80-85%. The resistivity of ZnO thin layers grown at 450°C decreases from 33•cm to 0,028 •cm after annealing in hydrogen at 450°C during an hour. The radiative recombination is related to the electron transitions to the deep levels and band to band transitions at the charge carriers transitions with the LO type phonons.

14-24

Authors: Tatiana PAȘA

In this paper we review the methods that can be applied to solve the non-linear transport problem on a network, formulated as non-linear programming problem. The basic concepts and properties that must be satisfied the functions in order to apply mathematical programming methods are formulated. Algorithms that let us solve problems with differentiable, non-differentiable and separable functions are described.

33-39

Authors: Boris COREȚCHI, Galina ULIAN

The technological development management based on the innovations represent a set of instruments and practices that positively influence the technologies, with the aim of building, maintaining and increasing the competitive benefit of the economic entities based on the knowledge of the property rights and know-how. The objective of the research is the identification of the drivers, improvement mechanism of the technological management through the determination of the best variants of the national economy growth. The Methodological basis applied in the article is the dynamic model of Balance of Connections between Branches of Oskar Ryszard Lange. The aim of this methodology is not restricted to one determination, but becomes constructive, suggests ideas, principles, treatments, assurance methods of the economic growth. The economic security can be assured by the right decisions of the technological development management based on the innovations of a country.

48-58

Authors: Elena PETREANU

The paper addresses the subject of corporate governance, including the elucidation of the peculiarities of the corporate governance aplication in entities from the corporate sector of the Republic of Moldova. It also analyses the role of internal audit within it.

70-74

Authors: Irina ȘCHIOPU

Any modern industrial enterprise represents a technically-economical and socially open system. It is the external environment that strongly and permanently influences the condition and prospect of its development, since it is increasingly characterized by uncertainty and dynamism, which makes the prospect of strategy development for the enterprise. The activity prompted by strategic planning, is the one that leads to the achievement of the financial objectives of the enterprise, and the Norton-Kaplan Scorecard Balanced model adapted in economic conditions, leads inevitably to the successful completion of the business and to the achievement of the general objective to maximize the market value of the enterprise.

82-85

Authors: Ionuț LOM, Marcela ENACHI

Over time, many wise people have refered, in their thoughts to insurance. The reason is related to the people՚s care for the present and, especially, for the future, because they always thought to defend themselves from what can cause them damage or sufferings: enemies, bad weather, accidents, ....

94-100

Authors: Masadeh ADEEB

It’s Based on famous research in the domain of leadership and management this article analyses topical issues of leadership and activities conducted in a team. The positive mental or cultural ideas which allow supervisors and cooperators to choose strategies of organized changes with synergistic effect are analyzed (maps, strategies). On the basis of the research, which was made by the author of the recent article, within the local enterprises, it is concluded that the change from the standard mental ideas to positive ones allow supervisors and leaders to involve to the maximum in the process of changes, by means of team leadership.

105-110

Authors: Galina LUȘMANSCHI, Maria BOGOI

This stanudy alyses the pecularities of the orthopedic sections activities of the dental clinics for dental prostheses production and their influence on the cost of dental products and services. At the same time, there are highlited the principles underlying the organization of accounting for production costs and the cost of dental products and services. In this context, there have been highlighted certain issues in the organization of production cost accounting, and have been made some recommendations that will improve the efficiency of accounting information, enhance control of production costing and further help to consider the cost savings of manufactured products or services provided at dental clinics.

116-119

Authors: Михаил ГЕРАСИМОВ

The article discusses some aspects of income and expense in tickets sales: their recognition, measurement and recording.

3-11

Authors: Stanislav CIUBOTARU

For the homogeneous bidimensional polynomial system of differential equations of the fourth degree, the types, subtypes and the number of irreducible GL(2,R)-comitants and GL(2,R)-invariants up to the eighteen degree including were determined. A minimal polynomial bases of GL(2,R)-comitants and of GL(2,R)-invariants up to eighteen degree including were constructed for the mentioned system.

19-25

Authors: Elena CEBOTARU

The Newtonian restricted problem of 8-bodies is considered. The conditions of existence of the con¬fi¬gu¬ration are studied and the stationary solutions (equilibrium positions) in the restricted problem by eight bodies with in¬com¬plete symmetry is determined in this paper. We investigate Lyapunov stability of stable stationary points in the first approximation.

31-36

Authors: Simion RAEVSCHI, Nicolae SPALATU, Vasile BOTNARIUC, Leonid GORCEAC, Tamara POTLOG, Marius DOBROMIR

Using the HVPE (Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy) transport method, in system (H2-NH3-HCl-Al-Ga-Si), thin layers of AlN, AlGaN, GaN on silicon substrates were synthesized. Surface morphology as well as transverse sections of structures was investigated by the high resolution SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) method. The cross-sectional composition of the structures was studied by the X-Ray Diffraction Method (XRD) and Surface X-Ray (X-Ray Photoelectronic Spectroscopy). Outside of aluminum, gallium and nitrogen in the layers were detected oxygen and carbon. It has been established that the concentration of oxygen on the surface of the GaN layers deposited at relatively lower temperatures is lower. It is assumed that the high concentration of oxygen in the layers takes place after the decomposition of the quartz, from which the reactor is made, at high temperatures. It has been found that the incorporation of gallium into the AlGaN layers is diminished by the flux of aluminum precursors. This demonstrates that the rate of chemical reactions of the nitrogen precursors with the aluminum is significantly higher than with the latter being removed from the deposition area by the transport gas stream.

47-52

Authors: Vasile BOTNARIUC, Ludmila GAGARA, Leonid GORCEAC, Boris CINIC, Andrei COVAL, Simion RAEVSCHI, Cornel ROTARU

Photovoltaic cells (PVC) with nCdS-pInP heterojunction and an intermediate poInP epitaxial layer were obtained and their electrical and photoelectric properties were investigated. The thicknesses of the pInP layer and of the nCdS frontal layer varied in the range of 2.7 to 6.2 μm and 0.9 to 3.6 μm respectively, depending on the deposition time. It was found that photoelectric parameters have maximum values when the thickness of poInP layer is of 4.5 ... 5 μm and for nCdS layer is of 0.9 μm, the maximum efficiency of PCV with the structure n+CdS-po-p+InP was of 14.6% (100 mWcm-2).

60-68

Authors: Maria COJOCARU, Ecaterina ULIAN

Evaluating the efficiency of the M&A deal is one of the most important stages of the transaction. The success or failure of the deal depends on the selection of the appropriate method. This research was conducted in the context of that statement, in which the authors analyze different methods of company evaluation. The authors believe that the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) method provides a more accurate estimation, based on the conversion of future cash flows into the present assets value that will generate future cash flows. The applicability of this method is based on the data given by two companies, which operate in the winemaking field. One is considered as a potential absorbing company (Purcari Wineries Public Company Limited (previously – as a Bostavan Wineries Ltd.), another –as a potential target company (Taraclia S.A.).

74-77

Authors: Mariana DOGA-MIRZAC, Rodica POPUȘOI

The rigors of business are growing, from the rapid development of the information age, so the quality and objectivity of information reaching the enterprise and that of the information that after going through internal operational processes, leaves the internal environment of the company must be very high. The accounting and economic analyses present a set of methods and techniques that are coming to realize the property of the information within the entity. Taking into account the concept of controlling definition, which implies that it is a set of activities required to manage and coordinate enterprise, the information used and generated by this system should be a truthful, accurate, timely, objective, current and easily perceived for final users.

85-91

Authors: Daniela BUMBAC

The mode of financing of factoring has recorded progressive internaţional development trends in recent years. The determinants of its development are represented by the many advantages that it represents, on the one hand, and by the legislative factor, on the other hand, which differs from state to state. Internaţional practice demonstrates that in some states regulation has a positive influence on the factoring market trends, and in some regulatory states it is practically purely formal. For the development of factoring in Moldova the study of internaţional practice is necessary being of major importance.

99-104

Authors: Natalia BĂNCILĂ, Evgheni CADOCINICOV

In this article, the authors analyzed some analytical and financial components presenting the current state of the credit portfolio quality in the domestic banking system. By analyzing in detail the total regulatory capital, the risk-weighted capital, the weight of the assets in various aspects, etc. It can be concluded that the need for a well-balanced, reasoned and reasonably priced credit policy is currently required, as well as a regular review of the quality and pertinence of the existing credit products and the introduction of new products that would contribute to increasing the quality of brokering for the domestic banking sector.

117-124

Authors: Anna CEBOTARI

In this article the issue of the minimum salary in Republic of Moldova, characterized in economic terms is touched upon. The human factor has always played a decisive role in the socio-economic activity of a state. Thus, in the current context of the economy of the Republic of Moldovan, staff revenues have a particularly important role in the economic, social and political life of our country. Starting from the importance of salary for an employee, the author proposes to examine its influence on the satisfaction of the personal and familiar needs of the employees, as well as the influence of the state on the determination of the minimum salary. The idea of taxing the subsistence minimum is criticized, and this is considered as a crime against its own people.

132-135

Authors: Iulia CAPRIAN, Rodica POPUȘOI

The paper proposes a system of indicators of controlling objectives in support of internal management. In the context of integrated controlling in the manager's activity, the controlling functions are taken over in full or at least partialy by the managers.

141-150

Authors: Irina ȘCHIOPU

Under the conditions of the market economy, the problems related to the determination of the financial results by the economic agents and their analysis are considered to be topical since each economic entity tends to obtain and to maxi¬mize the profit rather than to activate in losses. Thus, this objective becomes the "driving force" of the financial management of each enterprise that helps it to achieve the desired results.

157-163

Authors: Ala CRECIUN

National universities are being given the chance to change their traditional approach to financial management of institutions. They are in a position to develop their own concept of development, based on organizational innovation, such as management decentralization and the creation of accountability centers, which are an important factor in increasing the efficiency of the institution. Intra-university financial management becomes one of the most important elements of the educational management process, and the problem of allocating financial flows is essential for the efficient functioning of the university subdivisions.

171-178

Authors: Mariana DOGA-MÎRZAC, Eugenia GHEORGHIȚA

In most countries in the world, the elaboration and implementation of mechanisms for modernizing public finance management have become the most important in the process of streamlining the use of budgetary resources. In recent years, the Republic of Moldova has initiated the implementation of an ambitious program of reforming public finance management both at the national and the local level by modernizing budgetary institutions and adjusting legislation to EU requirements and standards. In order to ensure an efficient and transparent management system for local public finances, one of the basic objectives is focused on local income management.

185-190

Authors: Lilia ŞARGU, Cătălin-Ionel IDRICEANU

The exploitation of the forestry resource by man is an intervention in the natural balance of the environment, but with an integrated approach, the management of the use will be more efficient and not only the exploitation of forest resources but also more intensive regeneration and protection will take place. The complex use of forest resources requires a rational enhancement of the value economically justified benefiting from the use of all possible utilities.

195-199

Authors: Awny ZRIKAT

The article deals with the issue of implementation process of ISO-9000 standard and the factors that lead to its success. It's being examined the correlation between success and various factors; the level of correlation between the success of different Local Authorities of Israel and the activities carried out by them in the process of implementing the quality management system.

204-207

Authors: Наталья ГРОСУЛ

The article considers the main aspects and principles of the tariff policy in the insurance business. It describes how to determine the price of insurance services, taking into account the situation in the insurance market, the competitiveness of the company and the relationship with a specific insurance agent. The management of the tariff policy aiming at achieving profitability of insurance operations, solvency and financial stability of the insurance company is considered.

03-09

Authors: Victoria GANEA, Anastasia MIHAILA

Performance-based budgeting is important through creating a clear relationship between the resources allocated, the goals to achieve and the results to obtain. By means of KPI’s this form of budgeting requires an established level of efficiency in achieving the tasks and getting the results. In particular, the performance-based budgeting allows us to solve these tasks, helping to allocate all the company's resources in order to achieve the goals and obtain the targeted results.

16-24

Authors: Corina BULGAC

The level of fiscal pressure influences the financial situation of each taxpayer. In this regard, this indicator is very important for any entity, especially for those newly created. It is crucially important to estimate that indicator in order to calculate the possible financial consequences in the event of changes in the tax legislation. The timeliness of the problem is that today all entities located in the Republic of Moldova, irrespective of the type of activity and property, are faced with the obligation to make tax payments to budgets at different levels, which given wrong approaches can lead to unnecessary costs and legal problems. It is, therefore, necessary to carry out a timely and systematic assessment of the tax burden for its optimisation. The purpose of this paper is to develop the theory and methodology in the field of fiscal management, to analyse several methods for determining the fiscal pressure at micro and macroeconomic levels used in practice, as well as to illustrate the one that would facilitate the adoption of managerial decisions within investment projects, a more profitable investment of facilities, a more efficient production location, and the analysis of business outcomes in preparing short and long-term business plans.

34-38

Authors: Iulia CAPRIAN, Rodica POPUȘOI

We propose to describe the evolution and the essence of controlling system, as a method of control and management techniques in order to identify the advantages of their subsequent use in a private company. The scientific research aims the controlling system applied by international practice, adaptation and its compliance needs to the realities and specific of our private companies.The importance of this problem stems from the political and economic potential of our country, about the fact that sooner or later we will have to align with European standards, to be able to compete with the companies from the contry members in the EU.

49-54

Authors: Svetlana MIHAILA, Nicolai JIERI

In this article the authors aim to provide information regarding the International Financial Reporting Standards in Republic of Moldova, taking into account the current market economy conditions. The message of this article is to present some situations, by which can be noted the potential advantages on implementing IFRS, looking in terms of necessity. Also, are reported the possible gaps, after applying international standards, that would mean complicity, costs, and consistency of information.

58-60

Authors: Lina ȘIȘCANU, Tatiana MACOVEI

The general insurance principles indicate that an insurer should be able to recognize, measure, manage and mitigate the risks it faces. Capital is a way of supplying resources against such risks and is therefore a form of risk mitigation that contributes to the sound management of insurance companies, to the qualitative supervision of authorities and to insurers' confidence in the insurance market.

68-71

Authors: Daniela BUMBAC

In countries with developed economy, during the evolution of favorable conditions have been created to encourage factoring business, starting from the use of this economic design methods of financing causes an economic stability and financial enterprises as well as carrying out an effective management policy and resettlement movement of claims. The French practice of factoring can be taken as an example by the States that are at an initial stage in the development of factoring. France can be considered among the first countries which have implemented and developed this way, pro¬viding funding and a framework of institutional and legal regulation.

78-82

Authors: Natalia BURLACU, Vladimir GOLOVCO, Olga GOREMICHINA

In the process of the services area entrepreneurial activity management system development it is necessary to take into consideration the socio-psychological characteristics of entrepreneurship, which are close related to the specificity of the historical country evolution, the national traditions, the main characteristics and the current economic situation, as well as the politics and cultural aspects of the Moldavian society. Such an approach could be realized by the means of management tools, accorded to the specific regional or industrial changes. Entrepreneurship in the service sector will create jobs for a large proportion of the population, as it has a high capacity of work absorption.

90-94

Authors: Margareta PERDELEANU

Corporations are a well-established form of organization in the world, but in our country economic entities prefer smaller forms of organization because of reason like: demographic conditions, the difficulty of managing a corporation or the desire to avoid higher taxes ... Clusters are a relatively new form of organization for the Moldovan market, but rather widespread in more developed countries, this form of organization helping to develop the areas where they make connections between R&D, marketing and manufacturing. The idea I'm trying to propose is that it is possible to unite these two forms of organization to promote the deve¬lop-ment of small companies by using the ideas of research centres and the forces of PR campanies, and this development is actually applicable to all three listed entities.

103-109

Authors: Dmitri TERZI

In this paper we consider the time series that are determined under the conditions of invariance of the mutual distri-bution of the probability of observation as a condition for building the ARIMA model. The following are presented: a) general scheme for determining the parameters of the ARIMA model based on covariance between different time series with different lags; b) time series modeling programs for models testing; forecasting recommendations based on information from various examples.

115-118

Authors: Ana ȚENTI

This article reflects some aspects of the problematics development regarding the medicine prices. This complex eco-nomic activity depends largely on government regulations, which are associated with some specific features of the pharmaceutical market. Medicine pricing is determined not only by the production and the market factors, but is directly influenced by the adopted legislation and significant expenditure which the research and innovation activities require in this field.

127-135

Authors: Елена СЕМЁНОВА, Марчелия МИТРЮК

The paper aimed to present the evaluation method for the rural development level of Peasant Farms in the Republic of Moldova. The proposed assessment method is defined by the Stochastic Frontier Analysis of half-normal Gaussian distribution. There are presented the economic-social characteristics of the households and the statistical performance of farms. It was revealed the functional relationship between the rural development level of peasant farms and income from various categories of activities.

142-145

Authors: Oxana COSTEȚCHI-JUȘCA

Towards the end of the nineteenth century tourism is anchored deeply into the environment, thereby transforming a complex social and economic phenomenon. To discover and to capitalize on the immense potential that presents, initiate various studies looking for the most effective solutions, forms and methods of research. Proceeding from the role and importance of tourism in the contemporary period, and increased concerns for accurate and complete definition of this phenomenon.

150-158

Authors: Tatiana PAȘA

In this paper, we describe generally the algorithms that solve the max-flow problem in the transport networks. We describe the basic techniques used over time, starting with the algorithm proposed by L.R. Ford and D.R. Fulkerson [1]. We also make a reference to the authors that investigate the special cases of this problem, i.e undirected graphs, bipartite or with several sources and sinks.

166-179

Authors: Tudor BRAGARU, Viorel MALCOCI, Valeriu GALAICU

În terms of mass use of computer networks and the deployment of various professional activities mediated by networks and connected mobile devices, risk awareness and counseling becomes very important, both for the business environment, the social environment and for the private and private ones. The paper presents a summary of security requirements, attack/threats, risks, vulnerabilities, and mitigation and prevention techniques predominantly for corporate networks.

3-12

Authors: Alexandru LUNGU

In the present paper there are derived and described some groups of − symmetry with initial cyclical group of permutation by second order, who have in quality of generating groups the cristallografic punctual groups of classical symmetry.

30-36

Authors: ON THE POTENTIAL METHOD FOR THE DEGENERATE TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM

We study the transportation problem and make some observations about cases or situations that can appear during the process of solution with the potential method. In addition, we expose an approach to improve the potential method to solve efficiently the degenerate transportation problems.

43-49

Authors: Maria CRISTEI, Ghenadie MARIN, Victor STELEA

At present, machine learning occupies an important place in artificial intelligence, and is concerned with the development of algorithms that allow an information system to learn data, rules, and algorithms. Automatic learning involves first and foremost the identification and implementation of a more efficient way of representing information in order to facilitate search, reorganization and change. In this respect, this article describes the utility and applicability of supervised auto¬mated learning techniques to prediction problems and their implementation in the development of computer applications. The elaborate application is unique in its way of executing the Machine learning prediction model. The methodology used in the developed application is mixed, including state-of-the-art complex technologies: the Jupyter Notebook development environment, the Python programming language along with its most popular bookkeeping libraries used in machine learning, Flask web application development tools.

54-57

Authors: Vasile BOTNARIUC, Ludmila GAGARA, Leonid GORCEAC, Boris CINIC, Andrei COVAL, Semion RAEVSCHI, Cornel ROTARU

The capacitance –voltage-conductivity-frequency dependencies of n+-po-p+InP with and without n+CdS frontal layer, obtained by using of gaseous phase epitaxial technology in a In-PCl3-H2 system and deposition in a quasi-closed volume, were studied. It was established that the impurity distribution in the space charge region of such junctions is of a linear gradient, and at the frequencies of 7…10 MHz the structure impedance is determined by the inductance resistance. The surface state concentration in n+-po-p+InP structures with the n+CdS frontal layer is by an order of magnitude lower than in the same structures without it, which can enhance the efficiency of solar cells based on them.

62-68

Authors: Dumitru UNTILA, Igor EVTODIEV, Iuliana CARAMAN, Valeriu KANTSER, Nicolae SPALATU, Liliana DMITROGLO, Silvia EVTODIEV, Dorin SPOIALĂ, Irina ROTARU, Petru GAȘIN

GaSe single crystals doped with Eu (0.025, 0.05, 0.5, 1.0 and 3.0 at%) were grown by Bridgman method using Ga, Se and Eu elementary components. The crystalline structure and vibration modes of the GaSe: Eu crystals lattice were studied by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Eu atoms arranged in the van der Waals space of GaSe: Eu crystals form Eu-Se valence bonds and restructure hexagonal lattice of GaSe leading to EuGa2Se4 crystallites formation. Defects generated by EuGa2Se4 crystallites lead to broadening and shifting of single phonon peaks present in Raman spectra towards shorter wavenumbers, and at the same time, activate the longitudinal optical vibrations of EuSe sublattice.

73-81

Authors: Galina ULIAN, Silvestru MAXIMILIAN, Efim ARAMĂ

In all countries, healthcare is the most important sector, because health has a direct impact on living standards, on quality of life. The authors of the study believe that the introduction of TELEMEDICINE will contribute to more efficient activity in this sector by reducing medical errors, in increasing the quality of medical services; increasing the professional level of doctors; timely identification of patients' illnesses; improvement of doctors' study programs; efficient use of doctors' time; increasing synergic efficiency; reducing patients' time for effective referrals to doctors; increasing the accessibility of rural population to medical services.

90-96

Authors: Iulia CAPRIAN

Insurance has emerged and has been established, with the ultimate goal of meeting the needs of man, of his conscious protection requirements by assuring the action of various random events. Through insurance, some economic relations are established between people in the process of production, repair, exchange and consumption of material values. The insurance guarantees all economic agents the recovery of damages.

102-107

Authors: Mihail GÎRLEA

The modelling of a banking business plan needs to be carried out in tight correlation to the intended management scope, if the manager intends to double profit, he will thus take on a greater risk and if he intends to apply a development strategy starting from the minimization of risks, profits will be smaller but certain. Any entity survives in interdependence with the internal and external environment from which it is part of and therefore a company exists in relation to those surrounding it. From this point of view, two main tendencies may be observed in the development of a business model at the beginning of the XIIth century: the development of a durable business and corporate governance. In order to obtain enhanced efficiency, especially in the integrated markets, like the one which is specific for the European Union, banks are obliged to pay more attention to the best practices. But, in the same time, the increase of competition on these markets leads to an increase of assumed risks and these results in the regulation authorities’ practice of offering a more prominent role to capital adequacy in prudential regulation.

114-118

Authors: Tudor SULA

In order to streamline the activity of the credit system and activate the investment crediting of the real sector of the economy of the Republic of Moldova, on the basis of statistical data, there was performed an analysis of the dynamics and the structure of money supply, including the analysis of the interaction between the monetary and crediting indicators, as well as of factors influencing on the evolution of monetary and crediting indicators during the period 2005-2016. Thus, in order to streamline the activity of the credit system of the Republic of Moldova at present, it is necessary to promote a monetary policy based on the correlation and adjustment of the macroeconomic, monetary and credit indicators; to achieve the objectives of the monetary policy, new international approaches and practices are needed, including those recommended by international financial organizations to improve prudential supervision. The National Bank of Moldova is expected to work more efficiently with the Government of the Republic of Moldova to provide sufficient investment resources to meet the needs of the real sector of the economy.

124-130

Authors: Elena PETREANU

In this paper the aspects of the legal framework regulating the internal audit are discussed with the identification of the problems in its organization and functioning, it is also elucidated the international organization of the internal audit and the possibility of taking over the advanced practices for the functioning of the internal audit of the Republic of Moldova.

140-144

Authors: Владимир ДОЛГИ

Management accounting system summarizes processes and analyzes information received from all structural units of the company, and since all administrative decisions, taken on the basis of operational data of management accounting and analysis, have long-term effects aimed to implement the enterprise’s strategy, it is an integral component of mana¬ge¬ment insurance company.

151-155

Authors: Анна ЛИЧМАН

The features of the organization of accounting of transport-expedition operations are considered. The objects of accounting, the order and organization of their reflection in the system of integrated accounting are investigated.

164-169

Authors: Екатерина ЗАДОРОЖНАЯ

Among the many existing definitions defining the essence of social tourism, the idea prevails that this species is just a branch of the general economic sphere, which is divided into commercial and social parts. The study suggests a different view on social tourism, which shows its deep and mutually beneficial relationship with the socio-economic development of the regions of the world. In such a definition, social tourism should already be considered as a direction of general social policy, which, using its tools to raise funds from private sources, takes an active part in the maintenance and development of tourism and general infrastructure. Applying the system of blockade (cryptoeconomics) in various regions of the world (countries), this approach will help to reduce the cost of organizing external social tourism as the basis for globalization, continentalization and international partnership.

177-183

Authors: Tatiana DIACONU, Ludmila PASCARI

Improving performance in the agri-food sector is a priority for the Moldovan economy. The high competitiveness, the diversification of the range of products and the way of establishing the main markets are only a few conditions that would lead to the efficient management of the agri-food sector. In order to make commercial management more efficient in the agri-food sector, the authors have applied a way through which managers can enhance their performance in selling agri-food products.

190-201

Authors: Екатерина ГЕРМАН

This article examines the system of legal environment for foreign direct investment in the Republic of Moldova. Mainly it focuses on such international legislative acts as double taxation and bilateral investment treaties concluded between the Republic of Moldova and the other countries. The paper presents the impact of tax exemption and tax credit methods on attracting different types of foreign direct investment in the Republic of Moldova. The author has defined the most effective and most ineffective double taxation and bilateral investment treaties for the Republic of Moldova in the context of FDI attraction. As the result of the analysis author has specified the countries to conclude the double taxation and bilateral investment treaties in future.

208-215

Authors: Natalia GAVRILAȘ

This article highlights the educational policies that have been implemented in the educational system of the Republic of Moldova, especially in higher education. Higher education has undergone a lot of changes since the proclamation of independence and continued to this day. The all changes made were based on the connection of the higher education system to the European rigor, in other words its Europeanization. The adaptation of the higher education to the conditions required by the EU, will provide the necessary compatibility and competitiveness on the European academic market, which will increase the academic mobility of the involved actors.

03-15

Authors: Silvestru MAXIMILIAN, Sergiu CATARANCIUC, Gheorghe CĂPĂȚÂNĂ, Emil CATARANCIUC

In this paper, we propose an efficient method for practical use, for solving dynamic programming problems. Solving process is divided into steps and is a very simple calculation scheme for the users. The proposed method is described by examining the problem of optimal investment between branches. The calculations are presented in tables. Keywords: dynamic programming, input-output model, maximum benefit function, sequential optimization, resource allocation.

20-23

Authors: Ludmila COBZARI, Svetlana GHERJAVCA

The deficit of financial resources is caused by a series of factors of different nature. Knowledge of the factors of influence and their action, allows managers to act in a such manner as to minimize their negative effects. However, the identification of the factors of influence plays an important role in the determining of causes, particularly, the lack or the insufficiency of financial resources, as well as finding solutions to overcome the crisis.

32-35

Authors: Iulia CAPRIAN

The necessity of control is determined largely by actors such as policyholders, shareholders, employees, state institutions, business partners and investors, who need knowledge of the phenomenon and protection of their interests. The necessity of control for sure is obvious: Someone should check how and what is happening with funds subscribed to protect against risks generating property damage, injury or financial loss. It is also normal that authority watch and control whether the insured rights were respected and they were sated by indemnity compensation paid by the insurer. Protecting company objectives and resources invested in insurance company by a shareholder can not be achieved only through close monitoring, thorough and well organized scale activities. It is much easier to prevent financial losses arising from errors and fraud than to appear as a fait fulfilled.

44-48

Authors: Mariana IAGAR

Assessing the effectiveness of the budget process is an important and indispensable part of modern economic policy which ensure transparency and accountability of the budget process. The budget must be analyzed not only in terms of achieving optimal allocation of budgetary resources. This activity provides an opportunity not only to assess the cost of achieving a particular objective, but also to compare results with costs. Effectiveness is determined by the budget process and budget structure depends on the system of state financial control. The logical and descriptive model regarding the effectiveness of the budget process more efficient structure enables efficient spending and public sector management.

54-59

Authors: Victoria LISNIC

Credit portfolio management means the totality of financial and economic decisions realization aimed at achieving optimal ratio of performance indicators of loan portfolio. If low-quality loans increase, the reduction of productive assets volume and, respectively, profitability from banking lending. In extreme cases a such situation could lead to bank bankruptcy. At present bank loan portfolio quality assessment is an important component of bank management.

70-74

Authors: Tudor SULA

One of the most important problem of the development of the economy of the Republic of Moldova is to organize the constructive interaction between the real sector and the banking sector of the economy. In the created situation in the mentioned sectors it is appropriate to research the problems and possibilities of interaction of the banking sector with the real sector of the economy. As a result, based on carried out studies there are determined some actions, the implementation of which will contribute to improving the efficiency of interaction between the banking and real sectors of the economy.

78-85

Authors: Maria COJOCARU, Elena RUSU

In this article the author presents a studio on the reform of the procurement system of Moldova and Romania, har-monization of legislation and the process of European procurement rules. In achieving established goals were applied different research methods: monographic, comparative graphical method. Research the procurement process in the con¬text of the legislative European Union (EU), allowed the author to declare the presence of irregularities and failures in organization and conduct of procurement procedures at national level. In conclusion, suggestions were made that would help to improve the management of public procurement in Moldova.

91-96

Authors: Nelea CHIRILOV, Svetlana MIHAILA

In this article it is analyzed the cost-volume-profit relationship with the aim of profit optimization and elaboration of optimum economic decisions. The statement also reflects methodological case studies which highlight the necessity of the following indicators: break-even point, contribution margin, reserve of financial stability, sales volume required for obtaining target profit, marginal price. The results are presented and are analyzed by authors. The article ends up with the conclusions of the authors with regards to advantages provided by the calculations and analysis which can be performed on the basis of cost-volume-profit relationship through the direct-costing method for decision making process.

103-106

Authors: Ion MÎRZAC

THE APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE PROCESS OF OPTIMAL DECISION-MAKING IN THE ECONOMIC ACTIVITY This article presents the possibility of using the artificial intelligence in economic systems. It describes the theoretical basis of recognizing methodology of objects from the selected space. As intelligent strategic management model can be proposed a system with an adaptive structure, which will take into consideration the external environment factors and the internal strategic tasks, selected under a competition. Such systems can be used for discussing the macro- and micro¬economic challenges in the process of optimal decision.

112-115

Authors: Stela CAZACU

This theoretical study focuses on the international economic relations concept. At first, it provides definitions of the investigated term of the national and international economists. Next, the article analyses the different classifications of the term and proposes its own classification. Further, the study defines and analyses all the proposed forms of international economic relations.

124-128

Authors: Angela GHELBET

External processing is a business model successfully practiced in the branch light industry, in the production of clothing and footwear. This article presents arguments for external processing, but also aims at outlining the impact of such a business model for local shoe manufacturer.

135-142

Authors: Olesea ROTARU

The article aims to define the theoretical aspects of the contemporary concept of housing market, also we want to give definitions and evolution of the concept. Housing Market refers to the supply and demand for houses, usually in a particular country or region. Housing market includes the construction, sale, and resale, of all residential properties across the country. Real estate is term that generally refers to the land, including all inherent natural attributes and other man-made improvements permanently attached to the land. Modern concept of housing market, also refers to real estate issues, namely the involvement of more and more real estate agencies which have turned the market into a very attractive modern concepts for implementation of various marketing activities.

149-155

Authors: Maria GRIGORAŞ

The purpose of this work is to identify all tangible and intangible elements influencing the image of the Republic of Moldova within the country and their extension on exports, tourism, and the degree of attracting investment and quality of life, as well as the need for repositioning the image of the country in the existing international environment. To achieve the goal, there were considered the following objectives: the determination and assessment of the components specific for the country’s image of the Republic of Moldova and the necessity of rebranding for this country. That’s why we used the operational information concerning the budgets execution of the administrative-territorial units for the last three years, and namely the fee for local symbols use and a pilot survey. Following the results of the research, we can say that the new generation has rather a negative perception of the features characterizing the country (corruption, bureaucracy, exodus of human capital across national borders), all of them concerning the political environment, however there were also defined the guidelines that will help to design a new brand of the country.

162-165

Authors: Vasile BOTNARIUC, Petru GAŞIN, Leonid GORCEAC, Boris CINIC, Andrei COVAL, Simion RAEVSCHI

Electrical and photoelectrical properties of InP p-n homojunctions with an intermediate p-InP layer repeatedly grown by HVPE method, with and without frontal nCdS layer were produced and studied. It was found that the deposition of this intermediate p-InP layer increases the cells photosensitivity by 15 ... 20%. The solar energy conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cell (PC) with n+CdS-n+InP-p-InP-p+InP structure is 13.5% at the illumination of 100 mW.cm-2. The efficiency of the PC based on nCdS-pInP heterostructure and an analogic intermediate layer increases to 27% compared with the PC based on n-p--pInP homostructure having a frontal nCdS layer has an efficiency of 17.3%. The possibility of increasing of the efficiency of this PC type is formulated.

170-180

Authors: Pinchas ZOREA

A great deal of resources and efforts have been made in recent years to assess how the smartphones users perceived the image quality. Unfortunately, only limited success has been achieved and the image quality assessment still based on many physical human visual test. The paper describes the new model proposed for perceived quality based on human visual tests compared with image analysis by the software application tool. The values of parameters of perceived image quality (brightness, contrast, color saturation and sharpness) were calibrated based on results from human visual experiments.