Journal of International Network Center for Fundamental and Applied Research

10-18

Authors: Artem A. Gonchar, Yuri F. Katorin

In the article it is told the loss of Swedish sail battleship “Vasa” because of the filling by his water through the cannon ports. It is proven that it proved to be is very unstable it could overturn even with the moderate breeze, since theoretical ship building in the century yet it was not formed with the real proportions and XVII century yet it was not formed: structural drawings were not carried out and the mathematical calculations of stability were not done, furthermore the invention of gun port was powerful stimulus for an increase in the firepower of ship, determined at that time by the number of instruments, but for the power it was necessary to pay by safety.

31-37

Authors: Sergey S. Sokolov, Nikolay B. Glebov

In this article it is described about the young years S.O. Makarov, to his studies in the Sea school in Nikolayevsk-on-Amur, successful seamanship aboard the ships of the squadron of Pacific Ocean, which led to the petition of the command of this squadron about its production not into the conductors of the group of navigators, but in the naval cadets of fleet on the level with the wards of Sea Housing, was evaluated the role of the Admiral OF A.A. Popov in Makarov's quarry.

162-169

Authors: Sergei S. Belousov

The article examines the military tactics of the warring parties on the territory of the Steppe of the Caspian sea during the Civil and great Patriotic wars. The author revealed the contents of military tactics and considered various factors that influenced the choice of tactics. There were used the materials of the scientific literature, and archival sources, settled in the National archives of the Republic of Kalmykia. The author notes that the choice of tactics in many respects was primarily due to natural conditions, as well as the transport infrastructure, mobilization capacities and character of the settlement network of the region. Competent use of these factors depended on the success of combat operations.

179-189

Authors: Amiran T. Urushadze

The article is devoted to peculiarities of life of soldiers and officers of the Russian army in the Caucasus during the Caucasian war of the XIX century. Highlighted several factors influencing the formation of a separate Corporation known under the nomination «real Caucasians». Firstly, discusses the importance of climatic conditions of the region, which directly influenced the change of tactics of the Russian army, modified the elements of everyday life of its soldiers. Secondly, it examines the peripheral status of the Caucasus in the space of the Russian Empire, engendered a special feeling of almost existential abandonment of the soldiers of the Separate Caucasus corps (1857 – Caucasian army). The atmosphere of service in the Caucasus were alien to the strict formalism. Hazing appearance of the soldiers the Separate Caucasus corps was supplemented with the peculiarities of relationships among the officers. The author comes to the conclusion that the conditions of war in the Caucasus has transformed Russian army almost beyond recognition. The article is written on the basis of various sources of personal origin: the memoirs and letters of participants of the Caucasian war.

123-128

Authors: Mamuka Gogitidze, Iya Shiukashvili

The article discusses the school of ensign’s infantry in Georgia during the First world war. The attention is paid to the process of schools’ formation, the preparatory process, as well as the number of trained personnel for the imperial army. The materials for the preparation of this article werethe normative-legal acts of the Russian Empire, as well as research on the topic of the publication. The methodological basis of the study was the principles of objectivity and historicism, suggesting an unbiased approach to the analysis of the studied problems, a critical attitude to the sources, the judgments in the analysis of the totality of the facts and the screening phenomena in the development and the context of the historical situation. In conclusion the authors note that during the war the school warrant issued approximately 108970 officers, of which 23653 were produced on the territory of the Caucasian military district.

139-146

Authors: Amiran T. Urushadze

The article considers a complex of various socio-political problems in the North Caucasus, combine category «Circassian question». It is shown that various elements of the «Circassian question» have objectively-historical causality. The article prepared on the basis of a series of expert interviews conducted by the author in Kabardino-Balkar Republic in 2012–2014. The discussion around the «Circassian question» affect fundamental problems of nation-building and administrative-territorial reform of all North Caucasus. The concept of creating a single Circassian Republic can be considered as part of the «Circassian question» and as a separate socio-political issue, with objective historical reasons. In other words, the «Circassian question» includes components that have their own history of formation and development logic. The resolution of these issues, in particular issues of nation-building, can take place independently as long overdue. The greatest danger fraught with precisely the marginalization of numerous contradictions. This leads to the preservation of inter-ethnic problems and fuels the conflict potential in the region.

74-78

Authors: MaiyaBurdiashvili

True patriots were born in the bosom of the nation and with their lives they tried to prove the love and devotion to their country. Ilia Chavchavadze was a man who sacrificed all his conscious life for the well-being of his country. He was a person who knew the pain of people, the nation, and the country. He was trying to express with his works what burdened people because of the socio-political reality of that time. He was not a creator of one epoch and a public figure of one historical period. Through his creative diversity, outlook, thinking and consciousness,he said more than what would have needed ten lives. He was not only the figure of XIX century. He was a person whose creation ranged beyond one specific historical section and is as relevant today as when he lived. He worthily deserved to be canonized by the Orthodox Church; while the Georgian nation called him the Spiritual Father, Ilia the Righteous.

86-95

Authors: Lesya L. Goncharenko, Sergey A. Morozov

The article analyzes Simon Bolivar`s role in the emergence of Latin American integration theory. It considered evolution of Liberator`s ideas during the independence war of the Spanish colonies and under the influence of foreign policy factors. The special attention is paid to practical realization of the unity ideas of Latin America, especially creation Gran Colombia and the Congress of Panama in 1826, which were the first attempts to unite the countries of the region in one political organism. There is Simon Bolivar’s estimation as outstanding politician of the Latin America. The article may be in use for the understanding of the modern integration processes in the Latin American region and determination their sources.

104-111

Authors: Irina G. Tazhidinova

Increased interest in the study of emotions in the Russian historical science requires clarification source base. This article analyzes the possibilities of letters of Soviet citizens the power to explore the «emotional history» of the Stalin era. Emphasis is placed on the correspondence, which was prepared by the leaders (V.M. Molotov, M.I. Kalinin and others) by provincial residents in the 1930s. Soviet people through letters leaders not only shared with them negative emotions about the shortcomings of reality and its unenviable position in it, but also purposefully or incidentally, told them about their dreams. Important among these is the so-called «joy», which, according to the letters, was in short supply.

15-28

Authors: Alexander Fedorov

This article gives the way for hermeneutic analysis of the topic of the White movement in the mirror of the Soviet cinema (1930s-1940s, the feature films of the sound period). The hermeneutical analysis suggests media text comprehension through comparison with historical, cultural tradition and reality; penetration of its logic; through comparison of media images in historical and cultural context by combining historical, hermeneutical analysis of the structural, plot, ethical, ideological, iconographic / visual, media stereotypes and analysis of media text characters. An analysis of this kind of media texts, in our opinion, is particularly important for media literacy education of future historians, culture and art historians, sociologists, psychologists and educators. Thus, the comparative analysis of plot schemes, characters, and ideology of the Soviet sound films of 1930s-1940s, in varying degrees of affecting the subject of the White movement, leads to the conclusion about the essential similarity of their media stereotypes. Content analysis of screen media texts of 1930s -1940s on the topic related to the White movement allows generally to submit their basic narrative schemes as follows: cruel and treacherous, cowardly and cunning Whites and their allies are trying to overthrow the Bolshevik power by all means available to them (military / or guerrilla action, intervention, rebellion, terrorism, espionage, bribery, etc.), but they tolerate the inevitable defeat.

41-48

Authors: Anatoliy V. Pronin

The current paper is devoted to the history of development and also to the contemporary legal status of national minorities in the law of Austrian Republic. The author summarized key sources of the Austrian’s law, that regulate legal status of national minorities. Legal acts are represented in the chronological order, they are also sorted by the legal force and are provided with short commentaries on the most significant rules and most distinctive features of law enforcement in the sphere. Historical and political contexts of such law rules creation are also outlined in the text. As the main goal of the article was to describe existing legal regulation of the national minorities status, thus the root scientific method, that was chosen for this research—is a descriptive one. Moreover, during the retrospective analyses of the legal field development, was used a comparatively-historical method. Comparative law method was also used, for the analyses of the Federal Lands legislation.