Enfoque UTE

14 - 28

Authors: Sheyling A. Segobia Muñoz

This research has focused on the use of malted and unmalted rye to brew a Belgian Pale Ale style craft beer. The objective is to innovate and explore the attributes provided by this cereal, in addition to evaluating the physicochemical(color, pH, acidity, alcohol content and turbidity), microbiological (molds and yeasts) and sensory (flavor, odor, color and texture) parameters. An experimental design with a bifactorial A*B arrangement was applied, with 3 replicates per treatment and 1 control, using the Dunnett test. Regarding the sensory test, the Kruskal Wallis test of contrasts was applied using SPSS Statistics software. Thus, it was found that the addition of malted and unmalted rye significantly influenced the characteristics evaluated in the craft beer, giving rise to a profile typical of a Belgian Pale Ale, with the distinctive touch provided by the rye. The most outstanding treatments in terms of flavor and texture were T5 (80% base malt + malted rye); in terms of odor, T1 (90% base malt + malted rye) stood out, and T4 (85% base malt + unmalted rye) stood out in terms of color.

45 - 57

Authors: Johanna Plaza, Cristina Sánchez-Zhunio, María-Inés Acosta-Urigüen, Marcos Orellana, Priscila Cedillo, Jorge Luis Zambrano-Martinez

The objective of the article was to generate an Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) model based on the translation from human voice to text, being considered as one of the branches of artificial intelligence. Voice analysis allows identifying information about the acoustics, phonetics, syntax, semantics of words, among other elements where ambiguity in terms, pronunciation errors, similar syntax but different semantics can be identified, which represent characteristics of the language. The model focused on the acoustic analysis of words proposing the generation of a methodology for acoustic recognition from speech transcripts from audios containing human voice and the error rate per word was considered to identify the accuracy of the model. The audios were taken from the Integrated Security Service ECU 911 that represent emergency calls registered by the entity. The model was trained with the CMUSphinx tool for the Spanish language without internet connection. The results showed that the word error rate varies in relation to the number of audios; that is, the greater the number of audios, the smaller number of erroneous words and the greater the accuracy of the model. The investigation concluded by emphasizing the duration of each audio as a variable that affects the accuracy of the model.

68 - 82

Authors: Cristian García-Estrella, John C. Santa-Maria, Mirleth Reina Celis Hernandez

The objective of the research is to carry out a review of the literature to establish a theoretical reference framework for the implementation of open data in open government strategies in Peru. For the development of this article, a systematic review of the scientific literature was carried out, articles from the Scopus database between the years 2017 and 2021 were taken into account. As a result of this study, it was determined that there is one regional government and regional governments. That have implemented their open data portals, this represents 0.26 % of the level of compliance, in addition, the level of compliance with the transparency dimension of open government is 38.16 %. It is concluded that the Metropolitan Municipality of Lima complies with all the principles of open data and has a complete implementation in all categories, which can be accessed in different formats.

17 - 30

Authors: Robert Tecse-Tecsi, Virne Mego-Mego, Miguel Chávez-Pinchi, Lastenia Cutipa-Chávez, Luis Vargas-Vásquez

The cupuassu pulp is a fruit with a high content of pectins and ascorbic acid harvested in the Amazon of Eastern America for its exquisite characteristics of aroma, flavor and texture; however, the processing of canned food for human consumption in Madre de Dios - Peru is questionable, due to the inadequate handling and heat treatment of the fruit. The objective of the study was to evaluate the stability of the preservation of vitamin C in the processing of canned cupuassu pulp. For this, an experimental design was carried out in four stages: 1) characterization of the fruit, 2) determination of the heat treatment, 3) analysis of the variation of vitamin C and 4) analysis of the canned pulp. The effect of the process was evaluated in triplicate and a Completely Random Design was applied to analyze the statistical differences using the Statgraphys Centurion program. Among the results, it stands out that the pH (3.05 ± 0.50) and acidity (1.54 ± 0.80) of the canning are similar to the raw material. Likewise, a significant increase in soluble solids (Brix) was found with respect to fresh fruit. It is concluded that the total retention of vitamin C of the canned cupuassu pulp was 49.10 %.

48 - 67

Authors: Juan Gonzalez, Deny Oliva M, David Zambrano Vera, Rubén Darío Ledesma, Mario Jorge Bonilla, Erika Clara Casco G, Édison Ernesto Zúñiga

Computational modeling and simulation represents a competitive and functional tool that effectively supports the study of thermochemical behavior in combustion optimization, guaranteeing reliable results through modeling, design and allowed the validation of excess thermodynamic properties applied for combustion. of the biomass of Piptocoma discolor (pigüe) from the Amazonian region of Ecuador and Latin America. The model parameters were physical, chemical and thermal through computational fluid dynamics in combustion optimization. And the mathematical model of combustion was obtained under the transport method of the species. In the simulation, the variables of primary air flow and moisture content were observed. The variable of the combustion parameters were N2, O2, CO, H, pressure, temperature, humidity, total energy and burning time of the biomass particles. The geometric configuration was developed according to the fundamental principles of CFD within Ansys Fluent to obtain the behavior of speed, turbulence, pressure, etc. of the composition of the optimal fuel 91.75% of a complete combustion and compared to other species that show 86% of the reactions of the combustion of the species.

98 - 107

Authors: Fatima Noor ul Huda, Muhammad Hassan, Muhammad Iqbal, Moazzam Jamil, Javaid Iqbal

Owing to large scale use of chemical insecticides there is always need to find new alternatives to chemical insecticides. This study evaluated the aqueous extracts of three weeds namely Datura alba (Nees), Withania somnifera (Linnaeus) and Chenopodium album (Linnaeus) for insecticidal potential against Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Costa) (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) under laboratory conditions. Extracts were prepared from three plant parts e.g., leaves, stems and roots and applied at five concentrations ranging from 1 to 20 %. To check the mortality not because of weed extracts control treatment (water only) was also included as sixth treatment. Mortality of pest insects was assessed after three exposure periods e.g., 24h, 48 hand 72 h. Among the three weeds tested, mortality was more due to extract of D. alba weed which thus proved more toxic compared to other two weeds. Among plant parts, root extracts were more potent than leaves and stem extracts and the more concentration of 20 per cent usually resulted in maximum mortality. Maximum mortality of insects was after 72 h period followed by 48 h and minimum was after 24 h period. However maximum mortality of 60 % in case of D. alba warrants attention towards the options of either increasing concentration (> 20 %) of this extract or to evaluate other extraction type e.g., ethanolic extract to gain maximum mortality against this notorious pest.

pp. 23 - 41

Authors: Alvaro Nicolás Corral Naveda

The purpose of this article is to provide information to determine that telecommuting in Ecuador can be used as a measure of sustainable transport. Briefly, sustainable development is described, and certain definitions and approaches related to sustainable transport are covered, for instance, the Avoid-Shift-Improve (ASI) approach, as well as the Transport Demand Management (TDM), which serve to validate from a conceptual point of view the application and usefulness of telecommuting. An overview of the current situation in the transport sector in Ecuador is analyzed; the final energy demand; the environmental aspects related to transport, and the amount of public and private employees that are telecommuting. Taking into consideration some hypothesis, such as car ownership rate, the total amount of kilometers driven per year, the assumption of the distance travelled by employees who take public transportation; the assumptions helped to determine the savings that can be obtained through telecommuting in the present time. Therefore, these results would provide adequate information for decision makers to establish a conclusive pronouncement on whether or not support telecommuting as a valid working approach, and to develop the necessary policies to maintain it over time.

pp. 58 - 72

Authors: Katherine Verduga, Jorge Luis Santamaría, Gilda Gordillo, Carolina Montero

In this work, the optimization results are presented in the formulation of an energy bar of sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis), applying the statistical design of mixtures for the analysis of composition and caloric power in the bar. Energy bars consisting of amaranth, quinoa, dehydrated pineapple, oats, honey and sacha inchi were developed. In each composition, the amounts of honey and sacha inchi were modified, selecting three bars with the greatest difference between their compositions and caloric power. When conducting an acceptability analysis based on the application of a survey, the potential consumers turned out to be people between 19 and 24 years old. In addition to performing an evaluation of the caloric intake to all the bars produced, a compositional or proximal analysis was carried out on the bar with the greatest acceptance, on the basis of which new formulations were developed, maintaining the caloric intake value and validating the acceptance by the consumer in each new formulation. Concluding that there are significant differences regarding the acceptance of the optimized and non-optimized bar, since the non-optimized bar has a higher content of sacha inchi than the non-optimized one (35 % wt and 30 % wt, respectively) and in terms of honey content, the non-optimized bar has a higher content than the optimized one (30 % wt and 20 % wt, respectively). An alternative energy bar was obtained that promotes the consumption of native cereals and lipids that also have a great nutritional contribution.

pp. 82 - 96

Authors: Christian Montaleza, Xavier Mayorga, Jimmy Gallegos, Rogelio León

In this research a Rocker-Bogie type suspension geometry is designed and validated based on the analysis of the degrees of freedom, for its future implementation within the space exploration industry sector, having as main purpose the collection and transportation of garbage and waste to strategic sectors within the facilities, avoiding obstacles of different levels, although it could also be applied in the industrial, agricultural and mining areas, where a robust and stable system is required. We start by establishing a safety factor, determined through coefficients that involve safety and economy, then we calculate the dimensions and forces to be supported by the structural elements known as Rocker and Bogie, which are responsible for transmitting the support to the chassis as well as providing support to the connections for the axle components and motors for the wheels. The design and calculation of these elements, depends on the robot prototype being able to move through irregular fields avoiding obstacles such as: surface anomalies, potholes, rocks and curbs. For the validation of the prototype design, a static analysis of the structural elements (Rocker and Bogie) is performed by means of the Von Misses parameter, obtaining a high level of safety before rupture. Subsequently, the simulation of the prototype is executed based on a track created in the software, analyzing parameters of speed, acceleration and displacements in the axes X, Y. Finally, the results obtained from the simulation are compared based mainly on height and maximum length between front and rear axles, being crucial the maximum permissible angle of inclination.

pp. 29 - 44

Authors: José Omar Cabrera Escobar, Francisco Jurado, David Vera

This research simulated the behavior of an active indirect hybrid dehydrator with the atmospheric conditions of the city of Riobamba because there is a need to dehydrate fruits and vegetables that in times of overproduction do not reach the market. Develops a methodology that allows a good approximation of the solution. It starts with the design of the dehydrator prototype and then undergoes a meshing process, once a good quality mesh is obtained, the physical models that are going to be used in the simulation are selected, then the physical properties and conditions are entered. of contour that corresponds to the climatic conditions of the city of Riobamba, for its later simulation; After simulating the prototype, it is verified that the curve of physical variables to be calculated has stabilized and the residual curves are below the set value. If it complies with these two steps, it can be determined that the simulation is correct. For the validation of the results obtained in the simulation, data from a similar investigation are used. It is necessary to carry out the simulation to be able to determine if the designed dehydrator can work in the optimal range of temperatures for dehydration.

pp. 58 - 75

Authors: Yoan Antonio Lopez Rodriguez, Yusniel Hidalgo Delgado, Nemury Silega Martinez

Relational databases are one of the most used data sources. However, as a storage source, they present a group of shortcomings. It is complex to store semantic knowledge in relational databases. To solve the deficiencies in knowledge representation of relational databases, one trend has been to use ontologies. Ontologies possess a richer semantic and are closer to the end user vocabulary than relational database schemas. The objective of the present research was to carry out a systematic mapping about the scenarios where relational databases and ontologies are linked to provide a better integration, query, and visualization of stored data. The mapping was carried out by applying a methodological proposal established in the literature. As outcomes of the research, it was detected that the mapping of relational databases to ontologies and the ontologies usage for the integration of heterogeneous data sources were the most common scenarios. Likewise, trends and challenges were identified in each scenario, which might deserve further research efforts in the future.

pp. 88 - 104

Authors: Juan Felipe Cortes Zarta, Yesica Alejandra Giraldo Tique, Carlos Felipe Vergara Ramirez

In the development of assistive robots, a major challenge is to improve the spatial perception of robots for object identification in various scenarios. For this purpose, it is necessary to develop tools for analysis and processing of artificial stereo vision data. For this reason, this paper describes a convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm implemented on a Raspberry Pi 3, placed on the head of a replica of the open-source humanoid robot InMoov, to estimate the X, Y, Z position of an object within a controlled environment. This paper explains the construction of the InMoov robot head, the application of Transfer Learning to detect and segment an object within a controlled environment, the development of the CNN architecture, and, finally, the assignment and evaluation of training parameters. As a result, an estimated average error of 27 mm in the X coordinate, 21 mm in the Y coordinate, and 4 mm in the Z coordinate was obtained; data of great impact and necessary when using these coordinates in a robotic arm to reach and grab the object, a topic that remains pending for future work.

pp. 11 - 23

Authors: Reynaldo Justino Silva Paz, Gabriela N. Pichiuza Gonzales, Amparo Eccoña Sota

This study compares two descriptive methods based on consumers' perceptions of the sensory profile of Andean Mint (Muña) herbal teas. Participants evaluated five Andean Mint beverages using flash profile (FP) methodology (n=20) and Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) questions (n=105). For data analysis, generalized procruster analysis (GPA) was used for the PF and the Cochran Q test with correspondence analysis for the CATA questions. In addition, the RV coefficient was used to compare the sensory maps generated by both methods, using the R software and XLSTAT-test version. The results of the flash profile and CATA questions showed the formation of four groups, the first group consisting of samples D and E; the second, third and fourth groups, A, B and C, respectively. The RV coefficient was 0.94, indicating a very high similarity between both methods. These results demonstrate a high accuracy and reproducibility of sensory information obtained by consumers applying descriptive sensory methods in foods. Flash profiling is slower and more labor-intensive, making it suitable for exploratory studies with a smaller number of consumers, while CATA questions are faster and less labor-intensive, making it suitable for studies with a larger group of consumers.

pp. 36 - 50

Authors: Andres Adrian Sánchez-Escalona, Yanán Camaraza-Medina, Yoalbys Retirado-Mediaceja, Ever Góngora-Leyva, Manuel Vega-Almaguer

Dimensional analysis was utilized on this research to establish a shortcut model for predicting hydrogen sulphide gas discharge temperature in jacketed shell and tube heat exchangers. Since the equipment belongs to an online industrial facility, the passive experimental method was applied. Selection of the heat transfer process parameters was followed by application of the Buckingham Pi-theorem and the repeating-variables technique. After formulation of the dimensionless groups, approximation of the explicit model equation was carried out through a least-squares multivariate linear regression. The model predictive ability performance was appraised by comparing predictions versus measured discharge temperatures, hence attaining a Pearson correlation of 97.5 %, a mean absolute error of 2.1 K, and 1.7 % maximum deviations. The explicit equation that was obtained is pertinent to studied heat exchangers, when 0.55 ≤ ṁ1 ≤ 0.60, 1.06 ≤ ṁ2 ≤ 1.09, and 0.22 ≤ ṁ3 ≤ 0.24 (fluids flowrate, kg/s). It can be used as an alternative calculation method for quick anticipation of the equipment performance, which overcomes computation of the overall heat transfer coefficients.

pp. 65 - 78

Authors: Manuel Alberto Susunaga Miranda, Bertha Maria Estévez Garrido, Benigno Ortíz Muñiz, Rodrigo Manuel Susunaga Estévez

The use of Permeable Reactive Barriers as a material for the removal of heavy metals from the leachates of the Sanitary Landfills has been verified for various materials, the Silica Sand from the coasts of the municipality of Alvarado Veracruz in Mexico have the characteristics of size and composition Required to be used for this purpose, samples of leachate were collected from the Sanitary Landfill of the City of Veracruz and the concentrations of Ni, Cr+6 and Zn were determined were respectively 0.0818, 0.186 and 0.224 mg/l, three columns were built of acrylic and were filled with 20, 30 and 40 cm of washed and dried Silica Sand, treated and stabilized leachate was passed through the porous medium at a flow of 1.7 ml/s, taking samples at 40.75, 115 , 165 and 235 seconds for each column and the efficiency for the removal of these heavy metals was measured and a significant reduction of these pollutants was found, ranging from 76 to 93%. for Nickel, from 44 to 81 % in the case of hexavalent Chromium and from 65 to 92% for Zinc for a maximum time of 235 seconds, which indicates that this material can be used in the remediation of leachate.