Journal of Science and Applications: Biomedicine

83-87

Authors: Yan Li, Jichun Li

The objective of this study is to analyze the 42 cases of mesh erosion in total 1036 female pelvic flood dysfunction (FPFD) patients who accepted the Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery by mesh-replacement materials. 1036 patients who received pelvic organ reconstructive surgery from June, 2006 to Jan, 2015 were reviewed, including general condition, surgery records, in-patient conditions and follow up. The follow up time ranged from 3 to106 months, with the average time of 45.8±2.9 months. The erosion rate was 4.05 % (42/1036). The erosion took place from 1 to 48 months after surgery. The mean time of erosion took placed was 11.4±2.8 months. There were no significant differences in patients’ age, times of pregnancy, whether menopause, whether replacement therapy (RT) and the stage of POP and SUI, however the rate of erosion is slightly higher in patients with ages ranging from 50s to 60s. No erosion case was found in the simple TVT-O group. There was no significant difference between TVH altogether and no TVH (P>0.05). There was no significant difference with or without TVT-O together (P>0.05), but the rate in total pelvic reconstruction is obviously higher than anterior pelvic construction surgery (P<0.05). In total 42 cases, 71.4% (30/42) happened in anterior vaginal wall, 21.4% (9/42) happened in posterior vaginal wall, 4.8% (2/42) happened in both anterior and posterior vaginal wall. 2.4% (1/42) happened in the puncture path of the two thigh root. The erosion rate in anterior vaginal wall is obviously higher than posterior wall (P<0.05). There were no erosion happened in bladder or rectum. In all 42 erosion cases, 80.9% (34/42) had vaginitis (include acute and chronic). In conclusion, most erosion happened in the vaginal wall, especially the anterior vaginal wall. The best therapy for mesh erosion is to remove the mesh by surgery. Infection is the main cause of erosion post operatively.

96-104

Authors: Guoming Su, June Wang, Li Zhou, Chuncai Hu, Weiqing Yang *, Zuguo Zhao

Several studies have been conducted to examine the association between miR-608 (rs4919510) gene polymorphism and cancer risk, but the conclusions remain controversial. The aim of our study was to investigate whether miR-608 rs4919510 polymorphism is associated with the risk of cancer. We conducted a search of PUBMED, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library up to April 2015. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined as measures of the strength of association between miR-608 rs4919510 polymorphism and cancer risk. The combined results based on all studies showed that miR-608 (rs4919510) gene polymorphism had a statistically significant decreased risk of cancer development under four comparison models (C versus G: p ＜ 0.001; CC versus GG: p ＜ 0.001; CC+GC versus GG: p = 0.034; CC versus GC+GG: p ＜ 0.001). Among Asian subgroups, the combined results showed that a statistically significant decreased risk of cancer development was observed under three comparison models (C versus G: p = 0.026; CC versus GG: p = 0.018; CC versus GC+GG: p ＜ 0.001). The pooled results of this meta-analysis suggested that the CC genotype of the rs4919510 polymorphism within hsa-mir-608 was significantly associated with a decreased risk of cancer among Asians.

76-82

Authors: Benyam Yoseph 1, 2 and Shay Soker 2

Muscle stem cells, also known as satellite cells, hold a central role in skeletal muscle endogenous regeneration potential. However, injury to the muscle alters satellite cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation, which can lead to muscle damage, fibrosis, and functional disability. Additionally, the injured microenvironment can worsen their survival. The etiology behind scar formation is multifactorial. Upon injury, the muscle undergoes a self-repair process. The regeneration process is comprised of degeneration, inflammation, angiogenesis, neogenesis, myogenesis, and tissue remodeling. Each of these components interacts in a complex ecosystem that is under constant surveillance and is tightly regulated. If the crosstalk among these components is disrupted, the healing process is affected and consequently, scar tissue will form. This review highlights how satellite cells act as the motor for normal muscle regeneration and repair.

Piperacillin/tazobactam, Imipenem/cilastatin, Pneumonia

Authors: Guoming Su 1, 2, Zuguo Zhao 3, Weiqing Yang 2*

Piperacillin/tazobactam with its broad spectrum of antibacterial activity was used widely for the treatment of polymicrobial infections. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of piperacillin/tazobactam with imipenem/cilastatin for pneumonia. We performed a literature search to identify studies that investigated the effects of randomized controlled trials on piperacillin/tazobactam versus imipenem/cilastatin. The primary study end-points were clinical and microbiological treatment success and treatment-related adverse events. Data analysis was performed by using Review Manager 5.2 software. Four randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. Odds ratio (95% confidence interval (CI)) of clinical treatment success based on clinically evaluable population for patients treated with piperacillin/tazobactam compared with that of imipenem/cilastatin was 1.44 (0.96–2.16); odds ratio (95% CI) of microbiological treatment success based on microbiologically evaluable population for patients treated with piperacillin/tazobactam compared to that of imipenem/cilastatin was 1.58 (0.45–5.56); odds ratio (95% CI) of clinical and microbiological treatment success based on intention to treat population for patients treated with piperacillin/tazobactam compared with imipenem/cilastatin was respectively 1.03 (0.77–1.38) and 0.67 (0.42–1.09); odds ratio (95% CI) of treatment-related adverse events for pneumonia patients treated with piperacillin/tazobactam compared to that of imipenem/cilastatin was 1.10 (0.77–1.59). This meta-analysis provides that piperacillin/tazobactam can be used as safe and efficacious as imipenem/cilastatin in treating hospitalized patients with pneumonia. It is an appealing option for the treatment of severe pneumonia, especially nosocomially acquired pneumonia.

59-67

Authors: Liren Zhang

β-cell is responsible for secreting insulin to decrease blood glucose, which is one of the most important cell type for both human and other mammals. Under condition of either peripheral insulin resistance or β-cell failure, β-cells are unable to release enough insulin, either by expansion of cell numbers or enhancement of insulin production, to fully compensate, resulting in hyperglycemia, which can lead to diabetes. Excessive nutrients intake and obesity are the major risk factors for β-cell mal-development and dysfunction. In this review, the intra-cellular signaling pathways that associated with pancreatic β-cells mass and insulin secretion has been reviewed. Furthermore, these pathways and potential mechanisms associated with the nutrients level, obesity and pancreatic cancer are also reviewed. The research will offer the means for potential early intervention and drug treatment in the future.

34-40

Authors: Jintong Li 1#, Xiao Liang 1#, Juan’e Dong 1*, Guowei Wang 1, Zongsuo Liang 1, 2*

Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine whose water-soluble components are the key active ingredients for its therapeutical effects. In order to illustrate the synthesis, translocation, and distribution of the water-soluble phenolic compounds in the different growing stages of S. miltiorrhiza Bunge, levels of salvianolic acid B (SAB) and rosmarinic acid (RA) were examined we performed histochemistry and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to quantify the amounts. We found that the main phenolic compounds synthesized initially during the sprouting stage to be SAB and RA, which are both mainly located in the central vacuoles of palisade parenchyma and epidermis cell in the leaf during this particular stage. Of the phenolic compounds initially located in the plasma membranes of periderm and phloem parenchyma cells during the germination stage of the root, there is a large amount of RA yet little presence of SAB. Located in the central vacuoles of the periderm cell of the root after leaf wilting are the main components, SAB and RA.

45-55

Authors: Guoming Su 1#, Jun Yang 2#, Liren Hu 3, Zhuqing Fu 4, Zuguo Zhao 4, Weiqing Yang 1*

We aimed to investigate the correlation between the four common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in microRNAs (miR-146a rs2910164, miR-196a2 rs11614913, miR-499 rs3746444 and miR-149 rs2292832) and hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-related HCC) risk through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) along with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were pooled to explore the strength of associations between SNPs in microRNAs and HBV-related HCC risk. All statistical analyses were performed using Stata 12.0 software. For miR-146a rs2910164, a significantly decreased risk of HBV-related HCC development was observed under recessive model (CC versus GC+GG: OR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.71-0.98, P = 0.03), and results remain robust in Asian populations. As for miR-196a2 rs11614913, significant association was found under four genetic models (T versus C: OR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.43-0.87, P = 0.01; TT versus CC: OR = 0.35, 95% CI 0.16-0.75, P = 0.01; TT+CT versus CC: OR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.36-0.96, P = 0.03; TT versus CT+CC: OR = 0.42, 95% CI 0.21-0.87, P = 0.02) among Caucasians, but no significant association on Asians. The current meta-analysis demonstrates that miR-146a rs2910164 polymorphism may play a potential role in genetic susceptibility to HBV-related HCC in Asian populations.

10-17

Authors: Xiaoshuang Yan and Zhonghai Yan

St14 is a type II transmembrane serine protease that contains a cytoplasm N-terminal domain, a stem domain, and a serine protease catalytic domain. It is primarily synthesized as an inactive zymogen and co-expressed with the cognate inhibitor hepatocyte growth factor inhibitor (HAI) in epithelial cells. Accumulating evidence suggests that it plays critical roles in pre-implant embryonic compaction, placental development, as well as epidermal barrier formation after activation. The homologous ablation of St14 in mouse underlies the neonatal death at 48h for severe deficiency of the epidermal barrier. It has also been considered as a prognostic marker of epithelial cancers as it is involved in cancer metastasis and invasion in multiple ways by activating several kinds of substrates, such as hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), urokinase-type Plasminogen activator (uPA). Notably, the strict regulation of St14 by HAIs is found to play a profound role in all of these activities. However, very little is currently understood about the mechanisms that downregulate St14 gene expression in early neonatal mortality. Herein we summarize the current knowledge of the regulation network and the understanding of the biological functions of St14.

30-33

Authors: Hong-bo Ma and Liping Li

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease with symptoms of hypothyroidism including psychosis, weight gain, heat and cold sensitivity etc. Some risk factors such as certain human leukocyte antigen (HLA), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen (CTLA) polymorphisms or certain infections are related to this disease. There are some reports claiming soy food could interfere with thyroid function. In this study, we found a case that soy milk might be a possible cause of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis by collecting relevant history and laboratory data from patient. The literature reviews provide supportive proof for this claim. It is concluded that the soy milk might be an etiology of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis which can be especially alarming for Asian people who favor drinking soy milk instead of milk.