International Journal of Humanities & Social Science Studies

07-32

Authors: Md. Nasir uddin,Sah Syamuel Kayzar,Dr.Kudrat E Khuda

This article focuses on the the process of born of Bangladesh. Basically the Language Movement of 1952 was the first step of independence of Bangladesh. Political and economic deprivation of the Bengalees prompted Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the Father of the Nation, to put forward in 1966 his historic six points, which in effect structured the foundation for East Pakistan's future independence. In the 1970 elections, even though the Awami League emerged as the largest party in Pakistan Parliament, it was not allowed to form the Govt. by the ruling military junta. Bangabandhu declared at a historic public meeting at Ramna Race Course on 7th March 1971, attended by around 2 million people for independence. It was a defacto declaration of independence.Thus in a preplanned manner on 25th March 1971. The Pakistan army embarked on what may be termed as history's worst genocide. A military crackdown was ordered, and Bangabandhu was arrested. But just before he was arrested he sent out a call for the liberation war to begin. After nine months of war, the Pakistani occupation forces surrendered in Dhaka on 16th December 1971 after killing an estimated three million people. Due to the heroic resistance and supreme sacrifices of the valiant freedom fighters Bangladesh finally became an independent sovereign state.

52-58

Authors: Dr. Saumya Sengupta

The revolutionary movement of Bengal and Bihar, which subsequently spread to the United Provinces and Punjab was essentially a middle-class movement.1 Dr. Shanker Ghose also holds that the Indian revolutionary movement was confined to the bourgeoisie classes.2 Like many structural generalizations, these gentle assertions require some qualification in the study of a profoundly ambiguous and contradictory pattern of an important aspect of the anti-imperialist movement in India. We must not forget that Prof. D. P. Mukherji in his work, ‘Modern Indian Culture: A Sociological study’3 also refers to an Indian ‘middle-middle class’ in Colonial Sociology. Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee, as Prof. Bipan Chandra describes was a major new leader of the revolutionary terrorist politics in India.4 This paper tries to highlight his social roots which will have an additional advantage of bringing the historians into the closer touch with the problems, motivation and ideology of rural elites in Bengal during the first two decades of the twentieth century.

67-88

Authors: Dr. Gokhan Savas

This research investigates the college destinations of students from different racial/ethnic groups in the United States. Utilizing the Educational Longitudinal Study of 2002 and Barron’s Profiles of American Colleges, the study finds that black and Latino students are significantly less likely than are white students to attend all types of institutions. For 2 year and nonselective 4-year college enrollment, this race effect is explained by socio-economic background and high school achievement. For selective college enrollment, precollege achievement primarily explained the race effect. Overall, race achievement gap during high school strongly predicted the race gap in college enrollment. Low socio-economic background of black and Latino students also explained their disadvantages in 4-year colleges and universities. Key Words: higher education, inequality, race/ethnicity, selective college enrollment.

98-106

Authors: Dr. Manoj Kumar Mishra

Though India remained a traditional security concern for Pakistan, the Pakistani conception of Strategic Depth in Afghanistan is much broader than mere military depth and related to expansion of Pakistan’s influence towards West and Central Asia by colluding with radical religious groups and working towards installing a pro-Pakistani regime in Afghanistan. Pakistan seems to have been influenced by the idea that the more strategic depth it acquires towards its north and west, the more strengthened and emboldened it becomes vis-à-vis India on the Kashmir issue. Not merely that, Pakistan’s search for natural resources and market is intertwined with the idea of deepening its strategic depth towards its north and west and keeping Afghanistan dependent on it for trade. Keeping this in view, Pakistan established strong links with radical religious groups to expand its influence primarily among the Islamic countries of Central Asia and in Afghanistan. However, increased factions within the Taliban along with the loss of Pakistani grip over them produced power vacuum congenial to the growth of a dangerous non-state actor – Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), which is likely to be as much of a threat to Pakistan as to the international community. Therefore, Pakistan needs to review its age-old strategies of supporting terror groups and assist in evolving a coordinated response to the Afghan muddle. Key Words: Strategies, Sphere of influence, Strategic, Military and Economic depth, Non-state actor.

131-137

Authors: Dr. Sudha S. R.

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) have helped in bringing out a much needed focus and pressure on basic development issues in India. Considerable progress has been made in the field of basic universal education, gender equality in education, and global economic growth. However there is slow progress in the improvement of health indicators related to mortality, morbidity, and various environmental factors contributing to poor health conditions. Even though the government has implemented a wide array of programs, policies, and various schemes to combat these health challenges. Though India has made good progress with regard to few MDG it still lags behind when compared to its immediate neighbors. India needs to gear up and come up with a comprehensive strategy which would plug the loopholes in the existing framework. India has made significant progress in some areas. India could have done much better in achieving MDGs if the government as policy making body and officials as implementing agency had serious concern, commitment, good governance, transparency and accountability. India lags behind on targets for empowering women through wage employment and political participation, reducing child and infant mortality and improving access to adequatesanitation. India's performance in achieving the targets of millennium development goal can be termed as mixed success with much scope for improvement.

148-154

Authors: Dr. G. N. Qasba,Kapil Sharma, Adil Ashraf Tanki, Raja Suhail

In this study an attempt has been made to analyze the impact of Jammu and Kashmir State Rural Livelihoods Mission on lives of rural poor women in block Bhaderwah. In this endeavor, the study makes an effort to cover the processes involved and enabled socio-economic empowerment of women. The effort has also been made to highlight the extent of facilitation provided through organization of poor women into Self Help Groups (SHGs) which enabled the women to come out of poverty and move towards self-reliance. This study focused on holistic role of SHGs in rural woman empowerment as a paradigm of rural empowerment through various activities like capacity building, access to credit, livelihood generation, awareness, etc. Rural area being the biggest segment is the backbone of the economy in state. The rural woman is the centre of rural development in terms of alleviation of rural poverty with economic growth and stability. Key Words: Self-Help Group, Women Empowerment, Credit, Revolving Fund, Community Investment Fund.

161-170

Authors: Foo Seau An,Prof. Dr. Leow Chee Seng

The effects of an aging population have become an issue that need to be addressed due to the serious and far reaching impact that it will have on a country and its citizens; to be precise its senior citizens. For Malaysia, senior citizen is defined as aged 60 and over. For other countries, it can be refined as aged 55 or aged 65 and over. The worries of an aging population are many – loss of income and employment upon retirement, the lack of health care, companionship and public facilities that can cater for their needs. This research will study the various programmes and initiatives that have already been implemented successfully in other countries and seek to suggest, identify what are the particular challenges facing an aging population and how Companionship, improvement of public facilities and healthcare could be done to create a quality life for senior citizens especially in Malaysia. Key Words: Aging population, Companionship, public facilities, health care.

177-183

Authors: Miss Pujashree Borah

This paper is an attempt to analyze the problems face by Small Tea Growers of Assam and also highlights some strategies required for the development of tea growers of Assam. Tea is the ancient beverage and the most popular drink in the world. Among the tea producing states of India Assam is well known internationally since a long time ago. The state dominates the county’s tea map by producing almost half (50%) of the total tea production. Being a labour intensive industry, it is the source of employment for the Assam’s indigenous people. It is estimated that there are nearly 90 thousands small tea growers in Assam creating employment for around 1.5 lakh people of Assam. But they face various financial, marketing and managerial problems in present days. So in order to remove these problems, there should be required some strategies for the development of small tea growers of Assam. Key Words: Tea, Tea industry, Small tea grower, Issues, Strategies.

191-196

Authors: Gitanjali Devi

Yajña is a wel-defined act so far the Vedic literature is concerned.All the four Vedas, especially the Brāhmaṇas belonging to them discuss elaborately the procedures of Yajña. Yajña is divided many ways. Amongst them is the Darśapūrṇamāsayāga. In this connection it must be mentioned that the Brāhmaṇas are invaluable literary works which supplement the Saṃhitā part of the Veda- mantrabrāhmaṇayorvedanāmadheyam”. Each Veda has different Brāhmaṇas. As such the Śatapathabrāhmaṇa belongs to the Yajurveda. The Śatapathabrāhmaṇa, consisting of 100 chapters as the name itself implies, is not only a voluminous work but also a storehouse of geographical datas, socio-cultural datas, socio–economical datas, legends, historical datas etc. Hence, this Brāhmaṇa has attained more popularity among the scholars worldwide. In fact “it is next to the Ṛgveda” according to the great scholar A. A. Macdonell. On the otherhand the Darśapūrṇamāsayāga which takes place on the new moon day and the full moon day is the model of iṣṭi of the five prominent yāgas the other four being the paśu, soma, homa and satra. In the article “Some Salient Features of the Darśapūrṇamāsayāga as Revealed in the Śatapathabrāhmaṇa” a humble attempt has been made to discuss a part of the salient features of the prominent yāga called the Darśapūrṇamāsa as found in the Śatapathabrāhmaṇa. Key Words: Yajña, Vedic, Darśapūrṇamāsayāga, Śatapathabrāhmaṇa, Yāga.

209-217

Authors: Bidisha Barua,Moumita Dey,Dr. Snehamanju Basu

Pandal maker is one of the cultural communities of Bengal. They have been seen during the festive season of early autumn especially. They are skilled labor of rural Bengal. A pandal makers group consist of different professionals like mason, carpenter, electrician, porter, painters etc. They have been hired by puja organizing committees. According to the spatial location of Barawari puja, the Demography, Work environment and problems of them varies from one space to another. This paper has been studied to understand the present condition of this community. Pandal makers of Kolkata and greater Kolkata are different from each other. As pandal makers of Kolkata barawari puja pandals are economically and politically more powerful, they have faced fewer problems. This research paper is based on primary data, collected from different puja pandals of Kolkata and kalipuja pandals of Madhyamgram Municipality. Data have been analysed qualitatively. This paper is nothing but a tribute to the great artisan community of Bengal-‘The Pandal Makers’. Key Words: Pandal, Barawari, Urban, Suburban, Artisans.

227-232

Authors: Arpana Premi Lina Oraon

This paper brings out the issues related to natural resource exists and it conservation. The natural resource such as forest and forest products were found as a basic source of survival for living organisms during the initial period. Later, the natural resources started degrading slowly and steadily due to increased human activities. In the beginning, natural resources were the primary assets for the growth of agriculture, industry, urbanization etc. subsequently, increased anthropogenic activities started degrading the forest cover on a large scale through extending the agricultural landscape and other developmental activities in Kolhan Division. The importance of traditional knowledge regarding resource conservation, protection of sacred grooves, endangered species etc started declining in this time. Innovativeness and policy framework for resource conservation and utilization became unfriendly in addition to gradual decline of community management. The key findings of the study point to major gaps existing such as between line departments and institutions in the promotion and management of forests, human welfare, agriculture, animal husbandry etc. moreover, people tend to be more inclined towards the utilization of natural resources rather than conservation. From an observational and practical point of view, the natural resource has been declining rapidly. Therefore, this study strongly suggests that a due attention be directed toward developing people- friendly and environment friendly conservation strategies. Key Words: Anthropogenic, natural resources endangered, decline, people- friendly.

241-248

Authors: Mrs. Darshana Das

India virtually lives in its villages. Being a pre dominant agrarian economy, in India agriculture continues to be the only avenue of employment available with a major chunk of the rural populace. Thus seasonality of agriculture and its low productivity combined with absence of alternative opportunities are responsible for higher incidence of poverty in the rural sector. In order to tackle the problems of poverty and unemployment, the planners and policy makers have launched several employment generation programmes like IRDP, NREP, RLEGP, JRY, SGSY etc. Despite these well meaning programmes and massive investments, rural areas continued to suffer from acute poverty and unemployment problems at a alarming rate. Considering this, National Rural Employment Guarantee Act was launched on 2nd February, 2006 to enhance livelihood security in rural areas of the country. MGNREGA is the most pragmatic approach to the problems of rural poverty and unemployment. In fact, the Scheme ensures the economic security of the rural poor by providing guaranteed 100 day of wage employment. This Act has marked a paradigm shift from the other employment programmes with its right based approach. Govt. is legally accountable for providing employment of hundred days to those who demand it. Moreover, MGNREGA has positive impact on employment pattern of women. A key goal MGNREGA is to protect natural resources like land, water, soil etc. The study is an attempt to assess the impact and effectiveness of the Act in the district of Barpeta, Assam during the financial year 2013-14. Key Words: Poverty, Employment, MGNREGA.

256-260

Authors: Arghya Bose

There exists an impressive volume of academic literature when it comes to the study of Rabindranath Tagore and his notion of politics. Owing to his explicit discourse on nation, nationalism and society, Tagore's idea of these notions have clearly been extensively and massively over-explored. However, when it comes to exploring Tagore's notion of communitarianism, scholars have repeatedly shied away from doing so– essentially because the myriad minded genius of Tagore never spoke explicitly on the notion. And yet, he is taken to be the greatest advocate of communitarianism at the backdrop of the Bengali renaissance– and this poses a serious conundrum. Communitarianism has a emerged to play a pivotal role in the study of society today- and it is taken to go without saying that the concept of communitarianism is a very recent development in the realm of politics, owing its origin to the early 1990s, essentially in the Western world. The aim of this paper is to deconstruct this very stereotype by seeking to research and elucidate on the idea of communitarianism as perceived by Tagore.

268-272

Authors: Md. Zaharul Hoque

Education is the only mechanism that enhances the process of social, economic, and cultural development of communities. Among all the religious communities, Muslims are in the least educated section of Indian Society. In West Bengal this condition is more pathetic than other states. Among the all districts of West Bengal the status of Muslims in Murshidabad is greatly noticeable to all. Their percentage in Primary Education Level is not too much worse. But their educational fate starts deteriorating after the completion their primary education. In higher education they become Microscopic Minority. There are several reasons for backwardness of Muslims in Murshidabad such as poverty, negative attitude towards girl’s education, lack awareness among guardians, child marriage, unsuitable social environment etc. The education condition of Muslims in Murshidabad may be changed if we collectively strive to rid of the problems irrespective of caste, religion, sex, region, language, ethnicity and social status. Key Words: Muslim Education, Murshidabad, West Bengal, Problem, Solution

283-290

Authors: Monalisha Chakraborty

Orissa is a maritime state along the east coast of India having 589 marine fishing villages and 3289 inland fishing villages. The Telugu community with their age old experience started marine fishing in Orissa. Still now the non-Oriya group of people dominate marine fishing in the state. This paper mainly aims to show the socio-economic condition of the fisherman of Bali Nolia Sahi village, Puri. Data’s were collected through primary surveys by preparing questionnaires consisting of both open ended and close ended questions and secondary data’s were collected from various articles, journals and District Handbook of Orissa, 2011. The study shows that the socio-economic conditions of the fisherman of Bali Nolia Sahi are not good. The educational status of the boys is much lower than that of the girls. Their housing conditions are not too bad, but in terms of fishing they don’t get much help from the Government. They lack the basic necessities of their fishing which deprived the development of fishing in the State. The fishermen should be provided with major facilities like cold storage, motorized boat and education programs too should be implemented so that it would help them in understanding the modern technologies of fishing and will help them to develop fishing. Key Words: Nolia, fishing, peak season, socio-economic status.

297-306

Authors: Loveneesh Sharma

Christianity and Christian faith in India developed around 52 A. D. when St. Thomas the apostle comes to Indian on the southern coasts. He propagates the Christian faith among the community there and converted people. He has also build churches in southern India which are now the pilgrim of the people reside in south India. In these churches we see depictions of Christian themes and imagery is done in the form of murals, paintings etc. The early references of Christian art that we see in south India were somewhat Indian because the artisans were local Hindus who build these churches. We also see elements of Hindu architecture in the very formative phases of making of churches in India. The other examples of Christian art that we can see are in the churches of Goa. Here we can see the amalgamation of Indo-Baroque art in the construction of churches. Moreover other art forms also got the influence of European art. Portuguese found that there was an Indian influence on the art work, they introduce a law in which head of guild should be the European so as the artist could come out the Indian influence and style. Doing this a lot of artisans converted to the Christian faith. May be this can be their propaganda for conversion. Missionaries also during this time with their effort propagate the Christian faith and were succeeded in conversions. In Mughal times Missionaries again took advantage of using visual aids for propagating the Christian to the Mughal emperor Akbar. It was during his time when artists imitated copies of European art specifically related to Christian faith. His successors Jahangir and Shah Jahan also motivated artists to imitate Christian art and to create in European manner. We see a lot of examples of Christian themes during Mughal times. Interesting was that painting was forbade in Islam but it was due the zeal and interest of emperor Akbar and other Mughal emperors till Jahangir, that art of paintings is both flourished and motivated during their times. After that with the advent of Britishers we see many artists from Europe come to India and Indian artists learned their techniques of paintings. During this time we can see the best examples of Christian faith in a very European manner. It was also the time when India artists attracted towards in making art work in very European style. Art schools also imparting education in European manner. There by artists learned European techniques of making paintings, and sculptures. Their themes were now from European mythology and religion. And it was during the eras before independence and after independence Christ and other biblical themes were done on the individual perception and approach of the artists either they were Christians or non-Christians. The following paper endows the reader about visual interpretation about Christian faith time to time in India history and its art. It also represents the approaches of artists that how they perceive Christianity and its spiritual leader Christ in their terms. It is their urge to how Christianity is portrayed on canvases with the spiritual touches of their brushes and colours. Key Words: Artists, Christianity, Art, Paintings, India.

320-330

Authors: Muhammad Reza Suleiman

This paper looks at how African countries have been dribbled by the two ideological blocs-capitalist and socialist– all in search for ideal path to development. Their dissatisfaction with these two contending and often conflicting politico-economic prescriptions (path of capitalism and path of socialism) for development led scholars, intellectuals, leaders and policy-makers, and analysts in the Third world, which Africa constitutes a part, to come up with the idea of ‘delinking’ from the international capitalist system. Essentially in this paper, delinking means the breakaway of this group of countries from the imbalanced international capitalist system in order to develop. Various approaches of development are discussed. The paper also discusses ways through which African states are exploited and how these states react to this unequal relationship. The paper, then, visits the various strands of arguments for delinking. The findings reveal that African states need not delink, but remain within, and adjust to, the global capitalist system just like South Korea, India and Brazil. Secondly, African leadership has a very important role in Africa’s development and otherwise. Finally, ideology and language also plays vital role in this same respect. Key Words: Africa, Capitalism, Development, Globalization.

338-343

Authors: Madugu Vijay Kumar

The consumers are the foundation for economic building, responsible for transformation of resources into productive things. There is a need for creating the awareness, and to motivate the consumers concerning quality products. Higher the consumer awareness creates lower exploitation in the society. The consumer must be aware of his rights and duties the consumer should be vigilant with a discerning eye to enable to protect him from any malpractice on the part of the traders. To understand the level of the consumer awareness amongst the citizens of Mahabubnagar District of Telangana. The researcher has selected the related title to enlighten of their rights and legal measures assumes importance in the light of safeguarding the interest of the consumer and that forms as the problem of the study. Hence, the research finds the initiative to study the consumer awareness among the public in a backward district like Mahabubnagar. The study is intended with the objectives to assess the consumer awareness amongst people regarding the Rights, to study the awareness of consumer Responsibilities &Protection measures. The sample size under this study is 50 respondents. The questionnaire used to collect data from the consumer respondents by approaching directly.The study is descriptivein nature. The required data for the study collected from the primary and secondary sources. The primary data collected from the sample subjects, Mahabubnagar, as it is convenient to the researchers. Simple descriptive statistical tools like averages, percentages and ratios applied to analyse the data for drawing the conclusions

09-13

Authors: Dr. Barnali Bhowmick (Ghosh)

The Bengali dialect at state of Tripura situated in the North - East India is being diverse with that of the standard bengali language. The geographical contiguity of whole 845 km of the border of Tripura from North to South of Bangladesh and in the east with Assam has an impact on the Bengali dialect being used in Tripura. This research paper focuses on the use and ascent of Bengali at district of South Tripura and its related sub-divisions .The field work being done for the preparation of this manuscript is a genuine work of its kind.

18-21

Authors: Priyabrata Nath

Partition as a result of independence has changed our life in many ways. It has affected our economical, cultural, and social life. As literature is the mirror of society, the promlems relating to Partition is also reflected in contemporary Bengali literature. ‘Natun Ihudi’ by Salil Sen is one of these. In this drama Salil Sen depicted the poor condition of people as a result of partition. How people effaced problems to run their daily life is presented in this drama not only the condition of those people but also their struggle for life is also depicted in this drama. This paper aims to discuss the socio-economic condition of the people after partition, with the help of this particular drama.

29-33

Authors: Priyam Kumar Roy

Since the economic history of medieval Bengal cannot be brought to light through the study of traditional sources, there is, of course, such an underlying current of which we may be aware through the structural analysis of Mongal poetries in spite of the cloudy objective due to the religious fragrance. The works of Auguste Comte and Levi Strauss are important to analyse the social formation. Despite Cmote’s scientific veneration for humanity or society as a whole, he was very much concerned with the smaller, component system and structures which form the larger entity. He writes “no social fact can have any scientific meaning till it is connected with some other social fact…” It may be possible that the creators Mongal poetries used myth to express the feelings of society. Their feelings and for this they try to place some explanations for phenomena which they cannot otherwise understand, while the purpose of mythology is to provide an outlet of suppressed feeling. Structural analysis can be applied to Levi Strauss’ the concept of interrelationship between the levels. However, if we study the Manashamongal, Chandimongal or Shivayan, we shall notice the changing economic condition of eastern India through the middle ages. The other incidents like the dialectics between the two communities, the establishment of an urban centre by Kalketu and his return to previous life later will be taken under sharp scrutiny. Therefore a sociological study is indispensable in this respect to reconstruct the socio-economic history of the concerned period

48-55

Authors: Dr. Chander Bhushan Nagar

It is no doubt a fact that, Post Cold War world order has transformed into a multipolar world order. Within this milieu, the world’s economic centre of gravity has been shifting rapidly eastward and southward with the initiation of a new emerging forum named as “BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa)” as an upcoming center of power in global politics. The BRICS has become a vanguard in expressing a concern, asking for bigger ‘representation of South’ in various global multilateral forums and financial institutions. Undoubtly, if one may consider BRICS from realist perspective, it try to makes an impressive aura on global forum with a view that interests of States and institutions are not always identical, yet may remain complementary in many respects. Nevertheless, it seems to be a far off issue for member countries like China and India who are conceived of their own issues in relations. The present paper tries to assess the factors of convergence and divergence in Sino-Indian relations and will try to assess as, how this global platform would be accommodated the divergences.

77-85

Authors: Dr. Artur Borcuch

The sharing economy is the person to person (or Peer-to-Peer) economic activity that is facilitated by digital platforms. The sharing economy concept strengthens the innovation perspective. Thanks to new technological platforms (especially social media), especially city citizens have gained the power to call and track a ride, rent out their homes, and share goods. The global revenue from sharing economy companies is projected to increase to approximately $335bn by 2025. Speaking of the future there is important nexus between Internet of Things and the sharing economy.

94-101

Authors: Dennis Relojo & Sonia Janice Pilao

With the emergence of academic social networking services (ASNS), the landscape of academic networking has been dramatically revolutionised in the past decade. However, to date, there is a scarcity of literatures that offer a general overview of the services available to researchers. The current paper sought to provide a general overview on the current trends within the academic networking service, and ultimately, its impacts for the digital academic. It specifically focussed on popular academic networking services such as Academi.edu, Mendeley, Piirus and ResearchGate. Twitter – albeit not primarily an academic networking service – has been taken into account. Discussion centres on the benefit, key contributions and future directions of these platforms to both seasoned and early career researchers (ECRs).

110-131

Authors: Azeen Kiani & Dr. Hossein Sartipi

In view of the diversity of cultures, all the nations and societies all over the world with different cultural, historical and religious background at the same time while emphasizing the peculiarities and characteristics of its own and with respect for their religious and cultural values, are involved in the overall concept of the universality of human rights. It is therefore necessary to emphasize that the main argument in in the notion of cultural diversity by no means is strengthening the cultural relativism fallacy. The priority in this regard is to strengthen intercultural dialogue to achieve a universal definition of human rights, the introduction of such an approach, the respect for cultural diversity. In this regard, historical experience provides the support necessary for this discussion. Cultures and civilizations have faced with difficulties throughout history. Some of them grow, flourish and dominate and several others have been in steep toward decline. However, in appearance, cultural diversity, cultural rights of nations, human security, economic development and human rights are considered as individual and distinctive elements but each has closely intertwined and integrated communication with each other and collapse or expand of any would have an effect on others. The present paper has examined the cultural diversity in relation to human rights and human security to see that how much peaceful coexistence provided between different cultures in one country, region and world stage in such an approach. However, there are still a lot of ambiguities and shortcomings in this regard but the situation can be as good stability for future developments in this area.

143-156

Authors: Le Hai Duy

The paper addresses the investigation of EFL achievement tests used at Vietnamese high schools. The collected data were 3 in-class EFL tests from 3 high schools of Dong Thap Province, South of Vietnam. In addition, a questionnaire was completed by students of these 3 selected high schools. Then, based on the statistical analyses of the tests and questionnaire collected, the good and can-improved points are presented. It is thereby suggested that teachers pay more attention to the rules of designing tests, especially writing multiple-choice questions to improve test quality

163-170

Authors: Naresh, Suparna & Abraham, Niju

Public Relations in recent years has been given great importance as a tool of promotion. Celebrity PR is now considered an expedient way to achieve the requisite goal of managing the image of individuals. Media professionals to take recourse to public relations strategy in an attempt to either build a new image or improve an existing one. Arnab Goswami is a popular face/name amongst the sea of news anchors from the Indian media scene who has been using the ‘Newshour’ (Times Now’s 9 pm slot) to project a better image for himself. The present paper attempts to explore this phenomenon of news programmes used as a vehicle to showcase and strengthen celebrity status.

188-197

Authors: Lebba Kadorre Pongsibanne & Rismawati

The ethnography of Padoe Community can be seen from the perspectives of origin and history, language, technology and systems of livelihood, kinship, knowledge, art, religion, leadership, political life, as well as the law of land ownership and mastership. The community lives in mountainous areas which is now marginalized by the presence of industrial society named PT. INCO, which consists of people from various ethnic groups and nationalities. This has caused Pado'E community find it difficult to adapt to the industrial society due to the differences. This study is aimed at describing the ethnography, the social, economic as well as cultural implications of Pado’E community in the District of Nuha due to the existence of PT. INCO Tbk. Observations, interviews, and literature studies were used to collect the data of this study which were presented by using descriptive anlysis to describe the ethnography of Pado'E community and the social implications because of the existence of PT Inco Tbk from 1968 to the present. Nuha district was chosen as this research location because this district is the center of Pado'e community residence consisting of approximately 5,997 populations. 20 % out of the total populations embraced Islam and 80% Christian. The people of Pado'e community are hunting, gardening as well as farming for a living with the help of animals such as dogs, buffaloes and cows. Owing to the facts, the government, enterprises and other organizations such as local community organizations, NGOs made several efforts in order to improve the living standards of the community by employing few people of the community who have certain skills or expertises, and occasionally giving farm aid such as fertilizers and seeds once in a year.

204-214

Authors: Nisanth. M

Alcohol consumption is a major public health issue in the world. Understanding regional differences in its use will help in planning for better interventions. The growing numbers of social problems among youth have become the major fear of the government agencies. Alcoholism among youth is one of the primary topics discussed when studying subject regarding social problems. Article 47 of the Directive Principles of State Policy described in The Indian Constitution says: "The state shall regard the raising of the level of nutrition and standard of living of its people as among its primary duties and in particular, the state shall endeavour to bring about prohibition of the use except for medicinal purposes of intoxicating drinks and of drugs which are injurious to health”. Alcohol consumption can have both health and social consequences for the drinker. The harmful use of alcohol can also result in harm to other individuals, such as family members, friends, co-workers and strangers. Moreover, the harmful use of alcohol results in a significant health, social and economic burden on society at large. Key Words: Consumption, Youth, Health, Nutrition, Family.

221-225

Authors: Rahul Mishra

As far as protection of consumer’s interest is concerned, it is basically understood as injustice which is suffered by the consumer in the commercial street in the form of quality, price, and guarantee choice extra which needs to be redressed by justified means. Competition which has got affected to a large extent by Globalization can unearth a lot of intricacies in the system of consumer protection strategy because of the ever changing size and involvedness of production and allocation attributions. So much so the consumer’s mobility has also resulted into the decrease of face to face interaction between vendor and vendee. On the other hand the new economic and competition policy making process with special focus on Globalization has also given rise to the competitiveness ensuring good quality, consumer satisfaction as well as low cost. The methodology of rivalry amongst the firms for the making of market structures conducive to such rivalry makes for such competition stuff viable. In the light of the above, this article makes an attempt to minutely analyze the bridge in between the protection of the consumer’s interest and the promotion of justified competition at length. Key Words: Competition, Law, Consumer, Rivalry, Method.

244-249

Authors: Tribhuwan Kr. Bhartiya

Migration from one place to other place is common in India. Migration generally take place from developing state to developed state for education or in the search of employment but it also take place from the developed state to the developing state. Most of the meritorious students that go for education somehow manage to settle in the migrated place through hard labour and competition and only those students that are less meritorious return back to their native place. From the present study it is concluded that the people of developed states treat the migrant students with great respect and are of supportive nature that have attracted students from the different corner of the country that have contributed in the development of the respective states. Key Words: Higher education, local peoples, lower education, migrants, students.

260-265

Authors: Topu Choudhury

Human Rights are a universal phenomenon because rights have been imbibed in our society over the years. It has been realized that without human rights we cannot live as human beings.These rights are necessary to ensure the dignity of every person as a human being irrespective of one’s race, religion, nationality, language, sex or any other factor. The concept of Human Rights is based on the assumption that human beings are born equal in dignity and rights. It was after the two world wars that the necessity for promoting human rights was felt seriously and the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights(UDHR) on 10th December 1948. This declaration provides that all men and women are entitled to civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights without any discrimination. Keeping this declaration constantly in mind, Human Rights Education shall strive to promote respect for these rights and freedoms. Human Rights Education is not something like consideration of abstract ideas reflecting certain generous ideas. It is naturally to be adapted to the specific needs of every human being by providing one with norms, values and criteria to which one can refer to in the course of daily life. This paper tries to present Human Rights Education as a means of ensuring the observance of human rights and at the same time UGC’s approach towards human rights. Keywords: UDHR; Human Rights; Dignity; Discrimination; United Nation.

277-286

Authors: Inyikalum Daniel B

Until recently, Port Harcourt was known as the ‘’garden city of Nigeria’’ because of its neatness and the overwhelming presence of vegetation and the flowers all over the metropolis. But today, the presence of piles of refuse dotting the entire city may have turned Port Harcourt into a ‘’garbage city’’. Indiscriminate dumping of wastes- industrial, commercial and household – such as food waste, paper, polythene, textiles, scrap metals, glasses, wood, plastic etc at all street corners and gutters speak of a city lacking in adequate monthly sanitation exercise. Presently, there’s a shift from monthly sanitation exercise to daily sanitation exercise in the state. This research therefore aims at a carefully assessment of the present system of sanitation program in the city and its relationship with urban poverty-reduction within the city of Port Harcourt. The subject matter of urban poverty reduction through effective sanitation program is the object of discussion throughout this research paper. Employing the IMRAD method of data collection and analysis, the study emphasizes that there’s wealth in waste and that the State government should adopt the strategy of sourcing wealth, employment etc from waste. Keywords: Waste, sanitation, poverty reduction.

311-323

Authors: Dr. Balwant Singh Mehta & Dr. Bharat Singh

Jharkhand is situated in eastern part of India. Being rich in natural resources and minerals, the state is one of the most deprived and underdeveloped in the country. It stands second third lowest in per capita terms and second highest in poverty. Over one-fourth population of the state population is tribal and agriculture still has the main source of employment. Hence, the main concern of the policy makers and other stakeholders is generation of more employment opportunities in non-farm sector and reduction of poverty in the state. However, there are very few studies available to assess the present status of these two important issues. Therefore this paper attempts to explore the present employment and poverty status of Jharkhand. Key Words: Employment, Poverty, Jharkhand, Workers, Engel Ratio.

339-347

Authors: Abdulrahman Adamu, Suleiman Mohammed Evuti & Fadeyi, Toafiq James

This study examines the role political education play in sustaining democracy in Nigeria. The study revealed that Nigeria was an accident of creation. Its development has been played with ethno-religious conflicts, economic mismanagement, political violence, electoral malpractices, military rule, lack of political education, low political culture and leadership. The above factors undermined the development of the country for the past 55 years of independence. The study after highlighted the factors responsible for political instability in Nigeria, it examined the role political education play in eradicating such endemic issues that are inimical to the advancement of stable and sustainable democracy. The study finally recommends that the government should de-emphasize the issue of statism, tribal identities and other primordial ties. Thus, the National Orientation Agency should also enhance their level of creating awareness to the electorate. Keywords: Political Education, Sustenance, Democracy, Nigeria.

362-375

Authors: Neeta Baglari

Education in 21st century is a challenge to excellence in every endeavor. Newer and more vibrant areas of education have already come under the purview of teaching-learning. Teaching is considered to be a noble profession where teacher is the most important human resource. Today we need well qualified and well prepared teachers who have not only academic and professional competencies of high order but also earnest responsibility and commitment to strive constantly to raise student learning, capacity and achievement so as to make them increasingly autonomous and self-actualizing persons. Besides that a teacher not only has to be competent in his subject, methods of teaching and in understanding his students but also should have interest in the profession and have a favorable attitude towards teaching. Attitude refers to reports of what people think or feel or of the ways in which they intend to act. Since it is important for the teacher how he thinks or feels about his profession, it is desirable to study teacher attitude because it not only affects his own behavior in the classroom but also of the students. The present paper tries to highlight the attitude of teachers towards teaching profession at the school level of Udalguri district of Assam. Key words- Attitude, Competent, Interest, Profession, Resource, Teacher.

6-18

Authors: Dr. Goutam Kumar Nag

In the present paper we have undertaken a comparative study of the tense forms used in performative sentences in English and Bengali. In English only one tense form is admissible in such cases namely simple present, which is in perfect conformity with the very definition of performitivity. However the problem of performitivity was never studied in traditional Bengali grammar. A preliminary observation of the translation of performative sentences from English reveals that in Bengali three different tense forms which have been traditionally assimilated to simple present, present continuous and simple past of English are used in performative sentences. Hence apparently none of these verb forms fulfill the criteria for performative usage. To explain this apparent anomaly we have carried out an in depth study of performative sentences in Bengali and highlighted the underlying mechanism for functioning of each of the aforesaid tense forms. Then we have brought out the factors that account for the divergence in the functioning of the verbal systems of the two languages. Key Words: performative, tense, apparent anomaly, traditional grammar, comparative study

27-31

Authors: Sujit Kumar Mandal

Existentialist thinkers consider existence as Beingness. The main theme of their philosophy is human Existence. Here existence does not denote only livelihood but also includes extension of manhood. The great four existential philosophers, Kierkegaard, Karl Yespars, Heidegger, and Jean-Paul Sartre mainly focused in their Philosophy the existence of human or man. In my article I have tried to highlight the philosophical thoughts of those four existentialists. In this short article I have tried to analyze the concept of ‘Being’ or ‘Existence’ according to Existentialism.

38-44

Authors: Dr. Dhaneswar Baishya

A value system is an enduring organization of beliefs concerning preferable modes of conduct along with a continuum of relative importance. The values to be cherished, nourished and promoted are those which are a source of greatest good to the greatest number of people. Degradation of eternal values like trust, goodness and beauty suggest that the whole of the humanity is under threat. This paves the way of destruction. The world of the 21st century must project a peaceful world in which media has to play an important role to preach the human values. Media, being the fourth pillar of democracy, can contribute a lot to the development of a society, in which the values are to be preserved. Electronic media by common consent is one of the most trusted media responsible for a change or development in the society. While contributing to the development of the society, it at the same time also plays destructive role to demoralize the society and has attacked certain values of the society. Thus, electronic media is responsible for both development and erosion of human values. In this paper an attempt has been made to understand and analyze the perception of undergraduate students regarding the role of electronic media on the sustenance development and erosion of human values Key Words: Human values, Electronic Media.

63-67

Authors: Mr. Bibhudatta Dash & Dr. Dhishna Pannikot

Geography has a remarkable influence on the social well being of humans as the identity of any culture has much to do with the environment in which its people live. Nature imbibes in certain cultural codes and mannerisms that later blend in to form a specific geographical identity that further contributes to the formation of cultural boundaries by distinguishing one group from the other. It is difficult to move out of one’s cultural environment and settle in another, as there are many factors that have to be considered while adapting to a change. The earliest crossing of cultural boundaries were either for better pastures or for expanding one’s own territories. With time, migration has new implications. The push and pull factors that makes an individual cross the boundaries require equal attention. The phenomenon of migration has gained greater significance with its adaptation into literature across cultures. This paper focuses on involuntary displacement of refugees with reference to Ice-Candy Man by Bapsi Sidhwa and select South Asian immigrant narratives. Key Words: Forced Migration, Refugee, Geographical Displacement, Involuntary Displacement, Immigrant Narrative.

81-90

Authors: Sartipi Hosein & Hamid Reza Oraee

Although good faith is an obvious principle of international law, there is no detailed definition of it. In all of treaties it is just told that the parties must observe the principle in all of the steps of treaty. Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action has the similar condition and just it has been told that parties must observe the good faith principle. Also in the procedure of dispute resolution nonconformity with good faith is not a cause to complaining from a party. On the other hand among the defined treaties in international law there is no criterion for observing the good faith and detection of non-compliance is the responsibility of judge or arbitrator. Key Words: International Law, Good Faith, Commitment, Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, Arbitration.

124-129

Authors: Abhijit Datta

The feudal character of the society of Early Medieval Bengal could hardly preclude the possibility of the growth of various industries. Though agriculture was the mainstay of the life of the people of Bengal, industrial development was never neglected patronage. Agriculture, industry and commerce continued to be in symbiotic progress during the period though agriculture preponderated over others. The flamboyance of the industries in Bengal was marked by the demand of the industrial products of Bengal to different parts of India and abroad. The reason might be the elevated status of the labour class since the Gupta Age. The rise Buddhist Pala Dynasty in Bengal and the eradication of the caste system in Bengal also acted one of the propelling factors to the growth of industries in Bengal. The Age raised the prestige of the working class. Key Words: Textile Industry, Copper Plates, Pala-Sena, Pottery, Terracotta, Jewellery.

138-164

Authors: Sartipi Hosein & Mohsen Qasemi

After the end of the Cold War, the idea of the responsibility to protect was taken into consideration as a requirement of international legal order where the Human rights used as a cover for interference in the affairs of the states. Such an approach didn’t meet the rules and principles of human rights and it has led to the gross violations, undermined the political regimes and even damaged the regional or even international public order. The events of the Balkans, Kosovo, Bosnia-Herzegovina, North Ossetia, Ukraine, Iraq and Syria are in this matter. Ambiguities in the exercise of the human rights rules and principles, shortness in international relations with regard to the principle of territorial integrity and weakening the principle of territorial integrity and other principles of international law have brought a misty circumference in front of the eyes of the world which undoubtedly double standards of some states have aggravated such atmosphere. The resolutions have been adopted in the name of justice, of equity and brotherhood are without scientific basis or logic analyzer or not applicable on the same terms. Mixture of the new theories in the international law such as responsibility to protect and their mutual relationship with issues such as terrorism has brought more complexity to the world. In this new world disorder situation, accepted principles of the Charter are redefined and a new system is being designed and implemented. At first the human rights was a justification for the idea of the responsibility to protect and it stabled the humanitarian interventions in a good status, but in relation to issues such as terrorism it became strongly political and finally led to withdrawal of the states to reach a consensus. There is no hope to reach a consensus on responsibility to protect and the idea has been deviated from its original purpose and nature, in action.

170-180

Authors: Qian Zhang

China, Russia, Brazil, India and South Africa, as five major countries with emerging markets, are collectively referred to as BRIC countries. The rapid development of their economy has gradually been converted to political influence, bringing them into new political and economic powers in the world. To study the relation among the BRIC countries’ stock markets helps to understand and control the impact of the financial crisis contagion, but little attention has been paid to whether and how the different cultural dimensions of these countries may impact the stock markets. In light of the six dimensions suggested by Geert Hofstede, the paper studies the stock market indexes of China, Russia, Brazil and South Africa to find out the relation between cultural distances and stock market trends. As is observed, to countries whose cultures do not vary much from each other, the correlation among their stock markets is dynamic and shows some differences in different time periods.

189-195

Authors: Ms. Piku Doley

Peace is an essential requirement of human being for living happily. If people live happily development occur in their own ways. But if we look upon the present condition of the different countries we will find that many developmental programmes create violence or disturbances in the peace process. Peace education is the main instrument in promoting peace, reducing violence, create conducive environment for livelihood. In this paper it is tried to draw out the necessities of peace process and need of peace education in keeping our society violence free. Key Words: Peace, Ethnicity, North-east India and Peace education.

202-211

Authors: Intaz Ali

The paper examines the relationship between returns and volatility, volatility clustering, leverage effect and the persistence of volatility for the Indian stock markets viz. National Stock Exchange (NSE) and Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) for the financial year 2005-06 to 2013-14. The GARCH-M model is used to examine the volatility clustering and persistence of volatility and the relationship between returns and volatility. The EGARCH model is used to capture the asymmetric effect. The study reveals that the volatility in both the markets exhibits the characteristics like volatility clustering, asymmetry effect and persistence of volatility in their daily returns. The study finds that the recent news as well as past news both has an impact on volatility. The study also finds the existence of leverage effect indicating that the negative shocks or bad news have more impact on volatility than that of positive shocks or good news. The relationship between returns and volatility is not significant for both the markets. Key Words: Stock returns, Volatility clustering, Leverage Effect, GARCH-M and EGARCH model.

217-225

Authors: Pranay Pandey

Present study shows the students’ attitude towards using Computer & their Achievement in Computer Application. The main objective of this study is to find out the relationship between attitude towards using Computer and Achievement in Computer Application of XI standard students of West Bengal. Descriptive Research Methodology with survey technique has been used in the present study. The present study is quantitative in nature. The researcher has taken 200 samples for this study from 4 districts of West Bengal. An Attitude Scale and an Achievement Test was made to collect data. After analysis the data, it is shown that a very high positive correlation exists between attitude towards using Computer and Achievement Test in Computer Application. Key Words: Attitude, Achievement, Attitude Scale, Achievement Test, Computer Application, XI Standard Students.

231-237

Authors: Shivani Phukan

In the post 1993 phase women’s participation seems to have improved in relative terms but still women representatives are to overcome a number of hindrances. The Act itself is considered as a significant step to make inroads to democratization process. It is a beginning which needs to be substantiated by changes in many other fields related to socio-economic, political and attitudinal values of our society. Various social restrictions still prevail in our society to lend support to the policy perspective provided by the 73rd Amendment Act. The changes in PRIs structures over the years have certainly ensured higher visibility of women in grass root level democracy but whether that translates to real empowerment of women is subjected to corresponding changes in many others fields. Though the 73rd Amendment Act has created wide support for participatory democracy and space for political participation of women, queries and doubts have been raised regarding the level of their participation. In this regard it is quite relevant to study that after completion of 22 years of implementation of 73rd amendment Act whether it has brought the desired changes and leads to political empowerment of women. The present study attempts to examine the nature and effectiveness of women’s participation at grass root level decision level making process. Key Words: Women representatives, Panchayati Raj Institutions, Jorhat District, Participation.

252-263

Authors: Somenath Kar & Biswaranjan Mistri

Mahatma Gandhi stated that sanitation is more important than independence. In broader senses, sanitation includes safe disposal of human and animal excreta, safe storage and handling of drinking water, personal hygiene, cleanliness of the house, food hygiene, safe disposal of waste water, safe disposal of solid waste and community hygiene etc. At present, people of the world, particularly in developing countries, more than 2.5 billion and 100 million, have been failing to access basic sanitation facilities and good hygiene practice respectively. In India, the scenario is very pathetic as more than 53% of Indian population defecates in the open. Empirical study in Bikrampur G.P., Bankura, West Bengal shows that, most of the people (more than 80%) of the study area are not under basic sanitation facilities. Due to lack of awareness, they neither practice handwashing in critical times, nor treated drinking water and other important hygienic practice in their day-today lives. There are distinct spatial pattern of each mouza in respect of sanitation status as well as hygienic practice. The people of the area have been suffering from symptoms of various diseases closely related with poor hygiene practices. Key words: Sanitation, Open Defecation, Hygiene Practice.

07-17

Authors: Dr. Jayeeta Bhattacharjee

Vanadium is a chemical element with symbol V and atomic no. 23. It is a hard, silvery, grey, ductile, malleable transition metal. The element is found almost exclusively in chemically combined form in nature, but once isolated artificially, the formation of an oxide layer stabilizes the free metal somewhat against further oxidation. In the present paper, synthesis of vanadium (V) complex containing L-phenylalanine and synthesis of vanadium (V) complex with aspartic acid is discussed. The complexes are obtained as coloured microcrystalline products. These newly synthesized complexes are insoluble in aqueous medium and in organic solvents. The complexes are air stable. The presences of ligands such as peroxide (O22-), phenyl alanine (C9H11NO2), aspartic acid (C4H7NO4) are confirmed from qualitative tests in the respective complexes. Key Words: Vanadium complexes, Amino acids ligands, Stoitiometric oxidants, Biological relevance, Material sciences.

32-43

Authors: Romana Asmat & Miss Sidra Mehboob

IRJIMS Search Fri 15 Apr 2016 Select Language​▼ Home Page About Us IF/indexing Open Access Policy Editorial Body Paper Submission Issues Query Contact Us Volume-II, Issue-II, March 2016 Issues Bengali ArticlesEnglish ArticlesCover Page 2. Synthesis and Characterization of Peroxo Vananidium (V) Complexes with Amino Acids as Ligands Dr. Jayeeta Bhattacharjee, Faculty, Vivekananda College of Education, Karimganj, Assam, India Abstract Page No. 07-17 PDF XML HTML 3. Honor Killing in Pakistan: Socio-Legal Implications from Mid-1990s to the Dawn of 21st Century-A Critical Analysis Dr. Mazher Hussain, Lecturer, Department of History, the Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan Dr. Aftab Hussain Gillani, Associate Professor, Dept. of Pakistan Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan Almas Fatima, Assistant Professor, Department of History, Sadiq Women University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan Saeed Ahmad, Associate Professor, Dept. of Pakistan Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan Abstract Page No. 18-31 PDF XML HTML 4. International Laws and Policies for Addressing Sexual Harassment in the Workplace Romana Asmat, Lecturer Kashmir Law College, Srinagar, J & K, India Miss Sidra Mehboob, Advocate, J & K High court, India Abstract Page No. 32-43 PDF XML HTML 5. Leadership and Job Satisfaction among Foreign Seafarers in Maritime Industry: Human Leadership Mohd Rafful Sulaiman, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia Prof. Dr. Leow Chee Seng, Dean, IIC University of Technology, Cambodia Abstract Page No. 44-57 PDF XML HTML 6. Biostratigraphical and Paleoenviromental Analysis Enugu Area Anambra Basin Nigeria Adiela, U. P, Dept. of Petroleum Engineering, Nigerian Agip Oil Company, Port Harcourt, Nigeria Abstract Page No. 58-64 PDF XML HTML 7. Microbial plate count and detection of Escherichia coli in pork meat samples from stalls in a public wet market in Cebu, Philippines Ryan S. Yandug III, Southwestern University, Villa Aznar, Urgello St.,Philippines Daniel C. Ventura Jr., Southwestern University, Villa Aznar, Urgello St., Philippines Rochelle Haidee D. Ybañez, Biology and Environmental Studies Program, Sciences Cluster, University of the Philippines Cebu, Philippines Adrian P. Ybañez, Southwestern University, Villa Aznar, Urgello St., Philippines Abstract Page No. 65-72 PDF XML HTML 8. Factors Affecting Couples to Adopt Family Planning Methods: A Study in Silchar Medical College & Hospital, Silchar, Assam Firdous Barbhuiya, Medical Social Worker, ICMR Project in NE India, Silchar Medical College & Hospital, Silchar, Assam Abstract Page No. 73-82 PDF XML HTML 9. Reservoir Characterization of X-Field, Onshore, Niger Delta Adiela, U. P, Dept. of Petroleum Engineering, Nigerian Agip Oil Company, Port Harcourt, Nigeria Abstract Page No. 83-89 PDF XML HTML 10. A Brief Study on increasing Food Productivity in Assam and Neighboring States Dr. Runumi Das, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Business Administration, Tezpur University Abstract Page No. 90-96 PDF XML HTML 1 ONLINE Creative Commons License . Amazing and shiny stats Blog Counters Sexual harassment is a complex issue involving women, their perceptions and behaviour, and the social norms of the society. Of all the forms that violence against women can assume, sexual harassment is the most ubiquitous and insidious; all the more so because it is deemed 'normal' behaviour and not an assault on female's. More often than not it expresses itself in the garb of power or desire or both. We cannot understand the issue of sexual harassment at work place unless we pay attention to prevalent socio-cultural issues, of gender and sexuality, and how it impacts upon the status of women. Although there is no specific prohibition on sexual harassment in Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women and ILO Conventions, both the CEDAW and the ILO’s CEACR (Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations) affirmed that sexual harassment, as a serious manifestation of sex discrimination and a violation of human rights, is to be addressed within the context of the Convention and should be an integral part of a legislative or other policy, independently of policies on discrimination on the basis of sex. Since Sexual Harassment in the workplace was first recognized as a form of sex discrimination, an increasing number of countries in the world have enacted legislative provisions on sexual harassment. Whether provided for or regulated by laws, including anti sexual harassment, equality and non-discrimination, labour, criminal or tort, sexual harassment is considered as crime and prohibited. Key Words: Sexual harassment, ILO conventions, Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, Workplace, Sex discrimination.

58-64

Authors: Adiela, U. P

Biostratigraphical analyses of outcrops around Enugu area using rock samples collected at different intervals yielded a total of 59 agglutinated foraminiferal species. Arenaceous forms encountered include species as Haplophragmoides Impensus, Cibicides lobalulus, Bat hysiphon , Hormosina Irinitalensis, Kalarnopsis, Elphidium articulatum, A mmohaculitesiiephensoni, Spiropleclamona coslata, Nonionpompiloides, as well as Evolutinella ewongueensis, Buccicrenata herdhergi, Trochaminoides aff Amrnotium nkalagum, Trochamina aff Spiropleciamina GAB AM34. Palynomorphs assemblage yielded includes Lae’vigatosporites oval us, Leptolepidites major, Hex aporopollenites emenianori, Proteacidites sp., Spiniferites sp., Diphyes trianguflformis. These indicate near shore sediments deposited in marine shelf zone, not reached by tidal influence. These sediments were laid down in shallow marine environments. The ages of the outcrop range from Campanian to Maastrichtian.

73-82

Authors: Firdous Barbhuiya

Family Planning is one of the important interventions for safe motherhood and birth spacing and a fundamental pillar of reproductive health. The practice of family planning methods are influenced by a variety of interrelated factors such as level of education, socio-economic condition, age at marriage, size of the family, number of children, beliefs etc. There is a need to raise the level of acceptance of family planning methods to address issues related to maternal mortality, infant mortality, uncontrolled population growth, and many more. Objective: To find out the causal factors that prevent couples to adopt family planning methods, and to measure the awareness level about various family planning methods. Methodology: Descriptive research design was used for the study. 300 married women in the reproductive age group of 15-45 years were chosen from the Dept. of Gynaecology of Silchar Medical College & Hospital (SMCH) by using purposive sampling technique. Pre-tested semi-structured interview schedule was used to collect primary data from the Out Patient Department (OPD) and post-natal section of Gynaecology Dept., SMCH. Results: Only 7% of the study population were fully aware about several family planning methods. On the other hand, 61% were partially aware and 32% were completely ignorant about the matter. Only 7% of the study population were using some form of contraception. Oral Contraceptive Pill (OCP) was the most dominant method. Among the users of contraceptives, 68.18% were users of OCP and among the non-users, 45.5% opined to use the same in future. Husbands (87%) were observed to be the chief decision maker for contraceptive use. Contraceptive acceptance was revealed to increase significantly with the increase in age of women, literacy status and number of living children. Reasons for non-acceptance of contraceptives were lack of sufficient information (45.3%), desire for more children (24.8%), negligence (9%), misconception & superstition (6.8%), opposition from family members (6.1%), shyness & introvert nature (5.8%) and religious factors (2.2%). Conclusion: Improvement of female autonomy through increasing women’s education and by adopting modern & effective socio-economic measures has emerged as requisite for increasing knowledge and acceptance of contraceptive use. Key Words: Family planning methods, contraceptives, couples, married women, Gynaecology, Silchar Medical College & Hospital.

93-96

Authors: Dr. Runumi Das

Food production is the base for food security. The internationally accepted definition of food security is that given by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) in the Rome Declaration on World Food Security, 1996, further refined in the FAO's State of Food Insecurity in the World, 2001. “Food security [is] a situation that exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.” The availability of food is determined by production of food. According to Swaminathan given that India's population is likely to reach 1.5 billion by 2030, the challenge facing the country is to produce more and more from diminishing per capita arable land and irrigation water resources and expanding abiotic and biotic stresses. India currently produces about 230 million tones of cereals to meet the needs of a population of 1.15 billion. He has rightly remarked that ‘while calculating food requirements, the needs of farm animals are often overlooked and hence the current situation in India is that cereal production has to be doubled by 2050 in order to meet the needs of the expected population of 1.8 billion, in addition to meeting the needs of livestock and poultry.’ With such a backdrop the main objective of the research paper is to suggest ways of increasing food productivity. The other objective is to ensure means of creating awareness amidst the needy ones. Key Words: Malnutrition, public distribution system, food-grains, self-help group.

17-23

Authors: Dr. Anand Shanker Singh

Over the last fifty years, Buddhist studies have grown into a complex field, with historical, philosophical, linguistic and socio-cultural aspects which are being studied independently as well as in comparative light. New materials came to the light in the last century which has created the need for sustained research in this important chapter of human history and civilization. Buddhism from its inception has a religion that captured the enthusiasm of the rich and poor alike. It was a religion that preached a way out of suffering in a simple and direct manner which could be understood by the common man. Unlike the Brahmanism that had become too recondite and scholarly for the masses to understand the Buddhism fulfilled the spiritual needs of the people. Every person could work their way towards enlightenment. Its notions of social equality earned it much success. The establishment of the Sangha gave it strength. As it was a proselytizing religion it spread quickly and flourished for centuries. By the beginning of first millennium, Buddhism has been firmly established in the area of Thailand, Burma, Java and Cambodia. Buddhism develops art and architectures as visual aids for propagation of the religious ideas in South-east Asia. Buddhist stylistic arts have given the great impacts on the religious and secular life of the people in those related areas for more than two millenniums and thus Buddhism had created a great current of art in south-east Asia. Under this artistic trend, many valuable art works created and gave rise to emerge a special social phenomenon. Thus, the paper focuses on the influence and impact of Indian Buddhist art on south-east Asian art and the dimensions of Buddhist art in south-east Asian culture. This paper also compares the Buddhist art in the homeland of Buddhism with those in other Buddhist countries in south-east Asia and examines the dissemination of Buddhism through art and Architecture.

50-57

Authors: Dr. Ali Imam, Gyan Pratap Singh

This study examined the influence of gender, Familial Factor’s (Parental Assistance and Family Size) on mathematics achievement. The population of this study consists of 793 males and 334 females from 14 secondary schools of Central Uttar Pradesh (India). The Mathematics Achievement Test and A Personal and Familial Background assessment Questionnaire were used for data collection, while t-test used for statistical analysis. The results of the analysis showed that the male students as well as female students were equally good in mathematics achievement. The results revealed that parental assistance is related to performance of their children in math. The results also explained the relationship between student’s achievement and their family size. Children of smaller family size have got significantly higher achievement in math than the children of larger family size.

71-85

Authors: Ndinojuo, Ben-Collins Emeka, Dr. Walter C. Ihejirika, Dr. Sunny Mbazie, Eludu, Stella

The study was to establish the number of political parties in Nigeria that are registered on the social media, ascertain their followership and how active they are on the social media, as well as to document how they use the social media in their communications. The research was limited to Facebook and Twitter. The theory guiding the study was the New Media Theory. Triangulation method was used sequentially where internet research and content analysis research designs were employed. The research populations consisted of the 25 political parties registered by the Independent National Electoral Commission, INEC of Nigeria as at 1st January 2013 and 1st January, 2014, and 118 days of the months of January and February in 2013 and 2014 respectively. Search results conducted on Facebook and Twitter revealed that only a few of Nigerian political parties, 10 (40%) and 3 (12%) had Facebook and Twitter profiles in 2013 and 9 (36%) and 5 (20%) parties were on Facebook and Twitter in 2014 respectively. Their accounts did not have a large following on the social media when the numbers were compared with the population of internet penetration in Nigeria and also with the major political parties in Australia, France, Germany, United States and the UK. Most of the party accounts on Facebook and Twitter were not regularly updated with only 4 of 10 and 2 of 3 on Facebook and Twitter respectively in 2013, and 6 out of 9 on Facebook and 3 out 5 on Twitter in 2014 active during the study period. All the active political parties on the social media used their accounts to post “news”, while 2014 saw an increase in the use of pictures in posts/tweets. This research demonstrates that political parties in Nigeria have not fully integrated social media networks in their public communication campaigns. The study recommends that political parties should actively embrace digital communication in their interactions with their publics. The researcher believes that although traditional means of communication will continue to play a prominent role in political campaigns of political parties in Nigeria, social media will play an ever increasing role in campaigns.

105-110

Authors: Koushik Mondal

It is very difficult to draw lines which can demarcate swamiji’s activities and thought. We know Swamiji’s is a cyclonic monk and the man of positive identity. He always engaged to uplift society and try to abolish the absurd or faint social and educational untouchability. His educational perspective based on applied Vedanta and western culture. Swamiji identified the reason which was the hindrance for the progress of India i.e. the ignorance of women. Swamiji engaged throughout his life to develop women education .His objectives of education is man making and chacter building– these principles also applied in field of women education. Thinking the different social status swamiji prepared different curriculum for the women. He also said mother tongue is the best medium for the social and mass education. At the time of globalization, education is the key factor for the development and advancement. Today we vividly feel the importance of women education. That’s why various women universities, colleges are opening. This will also help for women empowerment and make them strong and completely independent. In the present paper, the writer tries to clearly show the view and activity of swami Vivekananda for the development and advancement for women education. At present how Swamiji’s thinking parallelly one important and appropriate the writer also tries to represent through this writing.

118-124

Authors: Tayum Saroh

Elementary stage of education plays a crucial role in the development of the educational scenario of nation. The entire future of the child is dependent on the basic education he got at elementary level. It is at this stage that the child starts going to a formal institution. The education, which he receives there, provides the foundation of his physical, mental, emotional, intellectual and social development. If the child is well look after at the elementary stage, the secondary and higher secondary education automatically gets good starts. The strength and progress of a country rest on the educational foundations of her people. Rightly organized elementary education is the very first front and the most important one, from which our educationists should, launched the attack in order to solve the obstinate educational problem of the country. The present study deals with the academic achievement of elementary school students of East Siang district in relation to independent variables based on gender. In study a sample of 516 elementary school students from 15 schools were selected through simple random sampling technique adopted under the purview of the descriptive survey method. The data were collected from schools records which were analyzed through the descriptive and inferential statistical measures. The study revealed the students poor academic achievements in different subjects in the selected district of Arunachal Pradesh. The findings also revealed the very low academic achievement of both male and female students in mathematics subject respectively.

140-149

Authors: Prof. G. N. Khaki, Nazir Ul Islam Bhat, Mohd Iqbal Malik

In this paper we suggest that the growing use of virtue-concepts in business ethics reflects a search, among a growing number of business ethicists, for a sound logical foundation for their discipline. By embracing virtue ethics, however, ethicists may get more than they bargained for. A detailed understanding of the virtue concept reveals that it is fundamentally antithetical to conventional business activity. Introducing virtue into business ethics, therefore, may discredit the discipline as currently defined. Business ethicists may be forced to face much broader questions regarding the moral justification of competitive economic activity.

161-169

Authors: Tarannum Siddiqui

In India Muslim community, as a whole form the largest minority community. But in India many Muslim women are not aware of the own rights in relation to Muslim Personal law. In this paper explain and clarify Muslim women maintenance in Muslim Personal law.

181-186

Authors: Vahid Rashidvash, Fatemeh Moosavi Mirak

There is an abundance of ethnic groups in Asia, with adaptations to the climate zones of the continent, which include Arctic, subarctic, temperate, subtropical or tropical, as well as extensive desert regions in Central and Western Asia. The ethnic groups have adapted to mountains, deserts, grasslands and forests, while on the coasts of Asia, resident ethnic groups have adopted various methods of harvest and transport. Some groups are primarily hunter-gatherers, some practice transhumance (nomadic lifestyle) others have been agrarian for millennia and others becoming industrial or urban. Some groups or countries in Asia are completely urban (e.g., Hong Kong and Singapore) the largest countries in Asia with regard to population are the People's Republic of China, India, Pakistan, Japan and South Korea. Colonisation of Asian ethnic groups and states by European peoples beginning in the 16th century, reaching its peak in the late 19th and early 20th centuries (except in the former Soviet Union, which was dissolved in 1990).

196-206

Authors: Kshudiram Chakraborty, Biswaranjan Mistri

Soil is the principal medium of plant growth for providing nutrients in adequate manner. At the dawn of the civilization, agriculture based sedentary civilizations have been grown up in fertile soil of the river. Over time, with the increase of population and food demand, methods of agriculture and stress on soil have been accelerated simultaneously because of mismanagement of soil fertility. Declining soil fertility has become a threat in agricultural productivity and agro-economic scenario. In this study, soil fertility and factors of agricultural productivity have been studied in Sapar Mouza where double cropped paddy is cultivated for last 35 years using inorganic fertilizer. Declining soil fertility has created an adverse effect on productivity of paddy. Soil pH is an important factor for productivity followed by phosphate and nitrogen content in soil. Phosphate, organic carbon and potassium are the main three components of production system of paddy which has shown that not only chemical fertilizer but also organic manure can sustain the productivity of paddy. Hence, integrated management of chemical fertilizer and organic manure are essential for sustainability of agricultural productivity of the mouza.

214-218

Authors: Arup Sarma

Dr. Indira Goswami is a distinguished novelist ,poetess, short story writer and a social activist from North East India .Her amazing kind of writings familiarize the readers with a new world of experience ,feelings, perceptions ,characters and situations. Her short story ‘The Offspring’ is a meticulous expression of the writer that critiques the crude and dark realities of contemporary India at a macroscopic level. A close reading of the story unveils the multiplicity of issues that contribute to the current feminist debates .The paper is an exploration of the writer’s serious engagement with the issue of patriarchy and its resistance through subversive act.

233-240

Authors: A. Pushpalata Singh, Monalisa Das

Health plays a very important role in the economic growth of a country. Improved health brings about broader benefits including enhanced economic development. Health is vital to human capital which is one of the main inputs for economic development. When we have a healthy population, economic benefits will follow. The present study attempts to examine the status of health among four income group countries viz; high income, upper middle income, lower middle income and low income group countries. The study also attempts to analyse the factors influencing the health status of the countries. To examine the health status, a composite Health Index is computed by using Life expectancy at Birth and Adult Survival Ratio as indicators. The study examines that health status of high income group countries is better than all other three income group countries followed by lower middle income group countries. However, there is high variation in terms of health index in upper middle income group countries and also their mean value of health index is comparatively lower than the lower middle income group countries. The study reveals that economic growth and educational attainment of a country have positive impact on the health status of the same country.

254-262

Authors: Md. Kutubuddin Dhali

The present work is mainly focused on comparative study between two mountain places in south India and north-east India. This research also based on primary data survey but it is a micro level random sample. Educational scenario of India is different fromone place to another place. Education system and rate of literacy are also depending on government policy in a particular place. But other socio-economic functions like poverty, political stability, family standardise are also responsible. In India maximum literacy out of total found in Kerala and West Bengal is another important state for increasing literacy rate. So, the study area Munnar and Lava are also significant. Munnar and Lava are two hilly regions, natural environment and source of income more over same but literacy rate and sex wise education distribution show different results.

272-276

Authors: Abu Sad Aijaz

Soviet government saw all religions as an opposite ideological threat having capacity to create hindrance in the establishment of communist society, thus it started to control or destroy Islam as it did with other religions. Followers of Islam experienced sever repression in the time of Soviet. Many great learning centers in the form of Madrasas were systematically destroyed. Peoples were not allowed to carry any religious books even privately. This had great effects on the identities and civilizational significance on the Islamic and Muslim communities of erstwhile USSR. Islamic practices remained suspended in Uzbekistan for as long as it was under the Godless Communism. During the 1990s in a dramatic turn when the union disintegrated, Uzbekistan gained its independence. The people of the former colony whose religiosity was coercively suppressed began to revive and restore their lost Islamic heritage and past. This paper attempts to examine how new revivalist movements in the post-Soviet Uzbekistan has contributed in the restoration of religious legacy. Spiritual Administration of Muslim of Central Asia and Kazakhstan (SADUM), and others organizations.

289-299

Authors: Firdous Barbhuiya

India is the largest country in the South Asian region and is the second most populous country in the world with a population over 1.25 billion. Indian economy is considered as one of the fastest growing major economies in the world. However, the country is afflicted by the climatic disasters that continue to wreak havoc on its economy. The unique geo- climatic conditions make India more vulnerable to natural disasters. The north-eastern region especially Assam is prone to multiple disasters like- floods, earthquake, landslides, cyclone and occasional drought. The paper presents an overview of multiple water related disasters viz. flood, soil erosion etc. in India particularly in Assam and the various causes and consequences of flood in the region. Moreover, the world communities now stand committed to reduce the consequences of disasters. The Government of India along with the State Governments has initiated various measures and approaches to mitigate the natural disasters especially flood. This paper is an attempt to highlight the steps initiated to mitigate natural disasters. Besides, communities are the first to respond to any kind of disaster. At present, there is a paradigm shift from reactive measures to proactive measures of disaster management. The communities and their response play a vital role in minimizing the impact of disasters. Thus, here an attempt is made to analyse the community based disaster management and proactive strategies of the disaster management authorities and the community itself.

306-310

Authors: Hafiz Md Nazrul Islam

Poetry was a way of disclosing feelings, making pride for any clan or a brave member of a clan, thinking as well as a way of confessing love for someone in pre-Islamic period. Later it became a source of describing various conditions such as expressing someone’s sorrow, bravery, dignity, honour, real love, mean qualities etc. Some poets took poetry as a source of earning by praising some rich people or any King, or by defaming the enemies of that rich personality or the King. Thus the existence of a new kind of poetry became visible which is known as satirical poetry. It is difficult to say the exact date of origin of satirical poetry, but according to the literary history of the Arabs, it may be mentioned that the satirical poetry originated in the Pre-Islamic period. Because in almost all the poems, the poets made (مدح) praise or ( فخر) pride to some person or a clan and made the other demolished.