International Journal of Intelligent Engineering and Systems

6

Authors: Abderrahmen Bouguerra, Djamel Saigaa, Kamel Kara, Samir Zeghlache

The work has done in this paper concern the passive fault tolerant control. Based on Gain-Adaptive Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) using the approach from the theory of Lyapunov and their application to the model vertical flying drone Quadrotor type, the PID controller with fixed parameters may fail to provide acceptable control performance. To improve the PID control effect, new designs of the Lyapunov gain Scheduled PID controller (LGSPID) were presented in this paper. The proposed techniques were applied to the Quadrotor, where adaptive PID controllers were proposed for fault-tolerant control system in the presence of actuator faults. The parameters of PID controller were adjusted by an adaptation algorithm gradient type, used to tune in real-time the controller gain, the proposed adaptive PID controller was compared with the conventional PID. The obtained results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.

7

Authors: Hongbing Zhu, Jun Wu, Jinguang Gu

Immune algorithms (IAs) are microscopic view of evolutionary algorithms (EAs) and applied in combinatorial optimization problems. This paper addresses to a clonal selection algorithm (CSA) that is one of the most representative IA and was applied into the protein structure prediction (PSP) on AB off-lattice model, in which the memory B cells of the CSA was innovated by employing different strategies: local search and global search in the phase of the mutation. And the CSA was further improved by adding aging operator to combat the premature convergence. However the pure aging operator didn’t achieve effective results and sometimes the optimum solution was eliminated. To resolve this problem, the current best solution was reserved by an antibody and it was not eliminated when its age reached its life span. In our experiments the improved algorithm was compared with the standard CSA and the pure aging CSA, which of the results demonstrated that the improved strategy with the memory B cells and long life aging was very effective to overcome premature convergence and to avoid trapped in the local-best solution, and it was also effective in keeping the diversity of the small size population. On the other hand, one novel hybrid algorithm Quantum Immune(QI), which combines Quantum Algorithm (QA) and Immune Clonal Selection(ICS) Algorithm, has been presented for dealing with multi-extremum and multi-parameter problem based on AB off-lattice model in the predicting 2D protein folding structure. Clonal Selection Algorithm was introduced into the hypermutation operators in the Quantum Algorithm to improve the local search ability, and double chains quantum coded was designed to enlarge the probability of the global optimization solution. It showed that the solution mostly trap into the local optimum, to escape the local best solution the aging operator is introduced to improve the performance of the algorithm. Experimental results showed that the lowest energies and computing-time of the improved Quantum Clonal Selection(QCS) algorithm were better than that of the previous methods, and the QCS was further improved by adding aging operator to combat the premature convergence. Compared with previous approaches, the improved QCS algorithm remarkably enhanced the convergence performance and the search efficiency of the immune optimization algorithm.

7

Authors: Santhana Krishnan B, Ramaswamy M

The effort conjures to evolve a cluster based routing pattern with a view to address traffic congestion in a layered Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). The directive lays an emphasis to ensure the continuity of data flow between source and destination entities that reside in different layers of the network. It ridges to figure in the trends in data communication to foster an energy efficient traverse for the packets within the network. The formulation encompasses the use of a Cluster based approach to Ad-hoc On Demand Distance Vector (CAODV) routing pattern and pulls out a renewed platform for multipath data transfer. It attaches an extra significance in the choice of Cluster Head (CH) in the sense that it requires to be a high energy node and serves as a pivotal focus for rerouting the data on the occurrence of an obstructionist environment. The performance examined using Network Simulator (NS2) exhibits admirable levels for the indices to claim the suitability of the scheme for use in real world applications.

9

Authors: P.Geetha, Vasumathi Narayanan

Most previous work on summarization targeted either only on video or on its description of single video document. To efficiently manage huge video documents, this paper addresses a new prototype for summarizing video documents that automatically processes text and key-frames from the given video documents, indexes and provides mechanism for search and retrieval. The system separately summarizes the text and video related information. Both summarizations will enhance the performance as well the quality of the video document retrieval processes. The text summarizer provides a summarized view of a large video document to improve the learning speed and to give a glimpse of the document for better understanding. The video summarization consists of the key frames that effectively express the content and context of the video. This is achieved by quantifying visual attention of each frame in a video. This framework provides meaningful two-way summarization for video documents.

10

Authors: Xiaohua Zhang, Yuelan Xin, Ning Xie, Wenbo Jiang, Yue Zhao

As a pre-processing step for document analysis, binarizing document image is often performed. The binarization is regarded as a necessary step to separate text and background. When document images are acquired under poor lighting circumstances, the images are soiled with uneven shading. This paper presents an improved approach for binarizing document images which are illuminated unevenly. We employ 2D polynomials with order 3 to fit very complicated uneven shading surface of document images. The document image is divided into several blocks overlapped partially with each other to reduce the discontinuity between polynomials. To improve the estimation accuracy, we normalize pixel coordinates to establish a stable equation system for computing the polynomial coefficients. After removing the uneven shading, most part of the background is filled with the maximum of surface and then a global thresholding is applied. In the experiment section, we demonstrate that the binarization results are satisfied, compared with other methods.