INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH -GRANTHAALAYAH

1-7

Authors: Dr. Shamsuddin

E-commerce is business communication through electronic resources, including the internet, televisions, telephones, and computers. By the rapid growth of e-commerce we can assume that it may be the fast growing way to complete business transactions. In e-commerce any person can perches goods from any place without keeping the time constraint i.e. business hours. It is a win-win situation for the consumer and the product/service provider. The various advantages E-Commerce offers to customers as well as the service providers. In this article the concept of e-commerce, advantage and disadvantage, legal and technical safety and security issues is well explained.

16-20

Authors: Mohsina Aaftab

Present study focuses on the new media Installation Art in India, its present scenario, and backgrounds. Essentially installation art has taken its heritage from conceptual art, which came into prominence in 1970s, when the concept or idea was prominent – when an artist uses a conceptual form of art which means that all of the arrangement and conclusion are made previously and the implementation is an obligatory concern. So, spontaneously idea became a machine that makes the art. An idea suddenly pops in his mind and he just implemented it, in his very own way. This kind of art does not narrow itself to gallery spaces and can refer to any materials intervention in everyday public or private spaces. After India became independent, art began to change here. considerately several movements and group bounced up all over the country headed by ambitious young artists with vision of bringing modern art to India. Now the art of India is totally changed. Contemporaries are not bound to use paper and canvas, wall or any other art surfaces. They are not bound to make mythological paintings or sculptures but they are free to do anything, they are free to use any medium, material and space they want. After a European artist Marcel Duchamp’s “ready-mades artist” started exploring the margin of art, trying to eliminate the contrast between art and life. For conceptual artists art need not look like a traditional work of art. Presented study focuses on the installation work of Indian artists. Four artists were selected by the researcher viz. Subodh Gupta, Shilpa Gupta, Bharti Kher and Chintan Upadhaya. Researcher investigates the concepts behind the art work of selected artists, their methods and materials they have used in their art work. The selection of artist in current study is on the bases of their fame and popularity. Method of the current study is analytical.

34-45

Authors: Dr. Amrit Patel

For India, droughts and floods in one or the other parts of the country are regular features every year. History records 24 major drought years during 121 years from 1891 to 2012 that include 15 droughts since country’s independence. The year 2015-16 [July-June] was predicted to be a drought year since the India Meteorological Department had projected 88% of normal monsoon rainfall. This is expected to produce 253.16 million tons of food output much less than 265.04 million tons in 2013-14.According to the latest press reports in AprilMay 2016 already quarter of the country, 313 districts, 1,58,205 villages and 4,44,281 dwellings in 12 States have been hit hard drying up traditional source of drinking water too as on end-April 2016.Coping with drought requires meticulous planning to conserve rainwater and economize on its use. Water-guzzling crops like sugarcane, paddy and even hybrid cotton need to be discouraged in water-stressed area. Around 15.38% of 650 billion cubic meters [BCM] water available for irrigation is used by sugarcane (the crop uses water from reservoirs as well as groundwater), which is planted on no more than 2.5% of India’s farmland. Sugarcane uses a disproportionate amount of water. This paper focuses the need to make the role of the Government and rural financial institutions effective to minimize impact of drought and suggests the strategic action plan to harness the available irrigation potential including recycling the use of wastewater and improving water use efficiency through micro-irrigations schemes with the support of institutional credit.

53-57

Authors: Aftab Khan *1 , Dr. Javed Khan 2

Information is everywhere. Today, with technology advances and more and more awareness for the need of progress and development, the government is taking a lot of interest in promoting research work and projects. This has become because of the technological advancements and changing information needs of the users. Technology has dominated all spheres of human activity and the libraries are not and exception one. Due to development in technological advancements, sources like electronic journals, e-books, e-databases, pre-prints, numerical and graphical data, library catalogue, educational materials, patents, standards, and so on are available on the Web. So we can say that information is the basic need for the progess and development of nation and humanity

65-71

Authors: Ms. Jidanan Thaen-nga *1, Asst. Prof. Dr. Wutti Leenam

The purpose of this research was to study English reading ability after being taught through the phonics instruction. The target group was 30 Grade 3 students enrolled in English course in the second semester of academic year 2015 at Nam Yuen School, Nam Yuen District, Ubon Ratchathani Province. The experimental instrument was 5 lesson plans using phonics instruction. The instruments were the tests used before starting and after finishing each lesson. The data obtained were analyzed using mean, percentage and standard deviation. The findings revealed a statistically significant main effect (P <.001) indicating that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of the pretest and the posttest which means that the students increased their oral reading ability after being taught through phonics

79-84

Authors: Mojtaba Mortezaee *1, Davoud Sanji 2 , Majid Govahi 3

A capital market is a vast and controversial issue in financial matters and especially behavioural finance. Indeed, behavioural finance is aim to survived the influence of the psychological variables on financial markets transformation. It should be noted that financial investors may have different level of rational behaviour, which leads to different kinds of effects, which can elaborate market inconsistency. Classical finance assumes the investors as rational peoples who try to select the most lucrative and efficient portfolio considering expected financial risk. Behavioural finance model mainly focus on psychological parameters. Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) is affected by many financial and economic variables. Investor in this financial market is affected by different data. Present study is aim to examine psychological variables beside political, economic and capital market features factors. Research data collects in 2015 and analysis by LISREL software. The results reveal that political, economic and psychological parameters respectively are the most important variables which affect the investor decision making behaviour. The internal financial reports and market return are less effective factor in their financial decision behavior.

91-96

Authors: Ms. Sutthinan Ingbarmee *1 , Dr. Prommintra Kongkeaw

The purposes of the study were to analyze the structure of the multi – word expressions used in sports news stories and to study types of the multi – word expressions used in sports news stories. The subjects of this study were10 sport news stories including five football news, three tennis news and two boxing news collected from the Bangkok Post from 27 September to 14 November 2014.The percentage was used for data analysis. The study found that the patterns of the multi-word expressions in those news stories could be detailed as follows. The structure used with the highest occurrence was Adjective + Noun, Asian Games; it accounts for 43.02% in ten news stories. The pattern mostly used in a second ranking was Noun + Noun, seasonending tournament; it accounts for 12.83 %. The structure ranked third in its use in the selected news stories was Noun +’s+ Noun, Spain’s Ferrer; it made up 18.11%. The structure came in fourth was Noun +of + Noun, Kuldep Singh of India; it represented 12.45 %. The structure came in fifth was Noun +Noun + Noun, World number three; it represented 7.17 %. Last, the structure Adjective + Noun+ Noun, Five Thai fighters, was the least used; it accounts for only 6.42 % in ten subjects.

107-110

Authors: Mamta Panwar *1 , Dr. L. N. Arya 2

The forward and in reverse advancement of general capital since the nineteenth century exhibits the reiterating burdens, furthermore elective points of view from which policymakers have attempted to oppose them. This paper is centered around reporting these movements quantitatively and clarifying them. Cash related hypothesis and fiscal history together can give gainful experiences into occasions of the past and pass on associated lessons for the present. We battle that theories of how across the board capital flexibility has made must be comprehended inside the structure of the key method tritoma obliging an open economy's decision of money related association. Different stunning practices won in the major market to draw in retail cash related experts and the high cost of new issues. In spite of the fact that reliably, number of affiliations had developed, offering arranged sorts of associations as for the novel issues of capital, their exercises were not controlled by any administrative power. The issues were widely more exceptional in the optional market. The general working of the stock trade was not sufficient. The trades were controlled by their inner bye laws and managed by the addressing bodies, which were overwhelmed by picked part administrators. Exchanging individuals did not have enough progress.

118-125

Authors: Dr. N. Senthil Kumar , R. Shankar

After independence of India, women have ever important role to economic development of our country. In the recent year Indian women give to equal opportunity, they can equal men. In 2011 census 35.98 million are women living Tamilnadu may be equal population to men, near by 10 to 20 percent are women incomes are based on agricultural, there are no other income particularly village women .That, they affecting their own expenses as well as family expenses. In this occasion, women become entrepreneurial due to poor financial strength, they are converting into entrepreneurial dream into reality. Self – Help Groups is an organization of poor people, emerging from rural population. The SHGs scheme was introduced in Tamilnadu in 1989. Thus study aims to poverty reduction through microfinance with SHGs in Tamilnadu.

9

Authors: Leili Shahlaei1, Shahizan Hasan*2, Norshafrin Ahmad3, S. Kiumarsi4

The study aimed at investigating how to apply two familiar tools formeasuringdepression among diabetic patients in Iran. The study discusses about two inventories and emphasizes that depression is such an important issue that needs to receive a great deal of attention in order to create grounds to be prevented or cured. The issue of concept of tools was also discussed in the study. The discussion in the paper is based on the conceptual framework of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS).Thesetools are appropriate for the study because they allowthe reader to understand how to measureand identify symptoms of depression. The paper recommends that the tools should be carefully applied in order to improve mental health and reduce the prevalence of depression.

1-12

Authors: Prateek Shrivastava*1 , Khemraj Deshmukh2

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) approach is used over genetic algorithms (GAS) to solve many of the same kinds of problems. This optimization technique does not suffer, however, from some of GA’s difficulties; interaction in the group enhances rather than detracts from progress toward the solution. Further, a particle swarm system has memory, which the genetic algorithm does not have. In particle swarm optimization, individuals who fly past optima are tugged to return toward them; knowledge of good solutions is retained by all particles. The genetic algorithm works with the concept of chromosomes having gene where each gene act as a block of one solution. This is totally based on the solution which is followed by crossover and then mutation and finally reaches to fitness. The best fitness will be considered as a result and implemented in the practical area. Due to some drawbacks and problems exist in the genetic algorithm implemented, scientists moved to the other algorithm technique which is apparently based on the flock of birds moving to the target. This effectively overcome the shortcomings of GA and provides better fitness solutions to implement in the circuit

27-38

Authors: Ms. Tripti Chopra *1, CA Punit Kakrecha

Change is necessary for every organization to survive. Companies and organizations have taken so many steps to remain competent with the changing environment. This change has also brought some side effects which are causing damage to environment. Bank is also one of those organizations which are causing damage to the environment. However bank is not causing so much damage to the environment directly. The internal operations of the banks are considered to be non-polluting. But somehow banks are associated with harming environment because it is connected to the industries like paper, steel, chemicals, cement, power, fertilizers, textiles etc.

42-47

Authors: Manasvi Shrivastav *1 , Dr. Anuradha Kotnala

difficult to disentangle, however some have claimed the meaning is "the one who over-stands" or "the one who is not progressive." Dictionary definitions of superstition mainly point out the irrationality of this phenomenon, superstitious people’s ignorance, and a fear of unknown. There are several definitions on superstition, but researchers agree on the fact that superstitions are beliefs or behaviour that is contrary to rational norms within a specific society. In American Heritage Dictionary definition cited by Kramer and Block (2008), Superstition is defined as “beliefs that are inconsistent with known laws of nature or with – what is generally considered rational in a society.”

1-6

Authors: Bodane Arun Kumar

The present work is attempt has been made to compile the some ethno-medicinal plants and eco-friendly natural colors yielding flowering plants their preparations used for cure of diseases and information of flowering plants with the list of plants from B.S.N. Govt. P.G. College campus Shajapur, India. The present study focused on some important plants having medicinal uses and color yielding potential. Now-a-days natural products and herbal medicines have been recommended for the treatment of various diseases. The present study of ethno-medicinal and natural colors yielding flowering plants is helpful for local peoples of Shajapur.

49-55

Authors: Shahrzad Shahriari, Mohammadreza Shahriari, Saeid gheiji

Many economists and experts believe that in recent years, a revolution has occurred similar to the industrial revolution which the world has entered the information age. It makes large changes in the economic, social and cultural aspects. One aspect of this transformation is changes in economic relations between individuals, corporations and governments. Commercial exchange between people who had been based on paper documents to transactions of by us the systems based on electronic information. In this article we will discuss the benefits of e-commerce and its impact on the market

70-89

Authors: Asmelash Tesfaye *1, Ermiyas Mekonnen, Mekete Girma, Tekleyohannes Birhanu, Wondwesen Shiferaw

The aim of the study was to identify the local common resources, conducting SWOT analysis of existing traditional institutions, identify how access to and control over of common resources administered by traditional institutions, identify community and government proposals to enhance existing institutional mechanism and other measures to address unnecessary competition over resources and identify alignment of local government role with that of community priorities. The study employed Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and Key Informant Interview (KII) to collect the primary data. 1 FGD and 2-3 FGDs were held in each kebele. Natural pasture, trees and shrubs, livestock and water bodies are the major natural resources in the area. The communities in nyangatom have their own traditional way of administrating the available natural resources. Everybody in the community has access to the available resources but the control of these resources mainly lies on men’s specifically community elders. participatory nature of the decision making system and way of acquiring information prior to enforcement of punishment are the strengths of these traditional institutions whereas poor participation of women, lack of long lasting binding rules and lack of regular frame of time for meeting are among the weaknesses. In addition, there are resource use committee’s in the community that administer specific resources. The involvement of government in development of pasture land found to be poor. Increase in population, recurrent drought, disease outbreak, incidences of conflict and introduction of invasive alien species are the threat to NRM. Rehabilitation of the depleted grazing lands and introduction of improved pasture management, Maintenance, rehabilitation and construction of water infrastructure, improving livestock health, Expanding small scale irrigation, Ensuring security and Countering prosopis juliflora were the mitigation measures suggested by the community.

1-15

Authors: Marcial-Quino J.,Garcia-Ocón B., Mendoza-Espinoza J.A., Gómez-Manzo S.,Enríquez- Flores S.and Sierra-Palacios E

Currently it is well known that yeasts play an essential role in the production of different beverages. In this paper, were identified some of the yeasts involved in the fermentation process of the pulque, a Mexican traditional beverage. Samples were collected from different regions of Mexico and yeasts were detected directly from samples without cultivation. Identifying the yeasts was obtained using amplification the D1/D2 domain of the 26S rRNA gene and Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE). The results of DGGE showed different profiles of bands in each of the analyzed samples, indicating the presence of several species of yeast, which was also confirmed by sequencing of the bands corresponding to the domain D1/D2, succeeded in identifying five species of yeasts. The results obtained in this work demonstrated that the technique used for identification of yeasts of pulque was efficient. Besides, the optimization of this method could also allow rapid identification of yeasts and help understand the role of these in the fermentation process of this beverage, as well as the isolation of strains of interest for biotechnological purposes such as production of ethanol or metabolites with nutraceutical activity.

25-31

Authors: Pandya, S. S., Hasnani, J. J. and Patel, P. V.

This study was undertaken to identify Fasciola giganticai on the basis of its morphology and histology to be the common cause of fasciolosis in infected buffaloes. Material & Method: Adult liver flukes were recovered from the liver of naturally infected buffaloes slaughtered in various abattoirs in Gujarat. Some adult flukes were flattened, put between two slides , pressed and stained in Borax carmine, and some flukes were sectioned in the median sagittal plane and histological slides of the flukes were prepared for detailed morphological and histological studies. Result: Microscopic pictures of the parasite used in identification defines the similarity in the morphology and histology of the F. gigantica on the basis of morphology of flukes; anterior sucker, posterior sucker (acetabulum), pharynx, uterus, ovary and type of epithelium. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the most common species found in buffaloes infected with Fasciola gigantica on the basis of its histo-morphological appearance in Gujarat

39-50

Authors: Dr. Sinan Çaya

This article is basically the retrospective investigation of a Turkish State-owned pulp-and-paper plant, in the time interval of 1979-1981. At the time, the mixed economy understanding prevailing, many industrial installations were operated by the government in Turkey. Along the course of privatizations the vast majority of such institutions have changed hands and the few remaining ones are also on the same way.

62-69

Authors: Bodane Arun Kumar

The present investigation reveals the quality of Dam water for public consumption to determine the Dam water of Shajapur town. Physico-chemical parameters of Dam water were monitored during the study period. The parameters investigated were pH, TDS, Alkalinity, Total Hardness, Chlorides, Magnesium, Fluoride, Nitrates, Dissolve Oxygen and COD. Results obtained from the study revealed that quality of Dam water during study season is well within the permissible limit and the Dam water is safe for drinking or fit for human consumption.