European Journal of Medicine

19-24

Authors: Sulaiman Hafizah Sani, Jibrin Yusuf Bara, Maigari Ibrahim Mahmood, Abdulrasheed Hamisu, Umar Yahaya Adamu, Yeboah Kai Kolo

COVID-19 Vaccine acceptance among the general public and healthcare workers appears to play a key role in the successful control of the pandemic. It is critical to understand and investigate how much hesitancy toward COVID-19 vaccines might occur and factors responsible for these public concerns as this will greatly assist public health workers in their efforts to maximize vaccine uptake and thus, control the pandemic. This study investigated factors responsible for covid 19 vaccine hesitancy among health care workers in ATBUTH Bauchi. A cross-sectional study was carried out using questionnaires administered to health care workers of ATBUTH. A total of 339 were administered. Random sampling was employed in the selection of participants. Simple Percentages and Means were used to analyze the data. It was observed that out of the 339 administered questionnaires, 321 were returned. 70 % of respondents were aged 30-40 years, 20 % 20-30 years and 10 % 40-50 years respectively. 198 (62 %) health care workers were vaccinated, out of which 43 % were fully vaccinated, 57 % had received at least 1 dose. The most common reason for vaccination was travel restriction (74 %). Most common reason for not being vaccinated was fear of side effects (68 %). Highest qualification of respondents that were vaccinated was masters (5 %). Fear of side effects and limited knowledge about the vaccine appear to be the main reasons for vaccine hesitancy among health care workers in ATBUTH.

12-18

Authors: Athena Myrou, Theodoros Aslanidis, Triantafyllos Didangelos, Georgia Kaiafa, Andreas Theodoridis, Christos Savopoulos

Though continuous glucose monitoring systems (CGMS) have proven their benefits in type 1 diabetes mellitus, research about their use in type 2 diabetes mellitus (Τ2D) are still in progress. The current study aimed to evaluate the use of such systems in patients with T2D in comparison with the standard periodic capillary measurements. Twenty-five patients with T2D under insulin or combination of insulin and oral medication participated in a prospective 7-day observational study. American Diabetes Association 2021 targets for good euglycemic control were used as primary goals for the two groups (CGMS over capillary measurements). Seventy two percent of the participant achieved maintenance of blood glucose within therapy target guidelines. Moreover, 64 % of the participants achieved glycohemoglobin HbA1c < 6.5 %. Glucose values with both methods display high level of correlation ((r = 0.901, p < 0.001) and the same is also valid for HbA1c and estimated HbA1c ((r = 0.939, p < 0.001). Thus, CGMS can achieve both better glycemic control and decrease of HbA1c in patients with T2D. Though the present findings are in accordance with the available literature, further studies in larger populations with more deeper analyses are still needed to confirm the usefulness of CGMS in T2D.

24-27

Authors: Sulaiman Hafizah Sani

The acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine and hesitancy among Health care workers besides doctors in ATBUTH was examined with in order to determine the level of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among health care workers in ATBUTH and to assess the factors of COVID-19 vaccine non-acceptance/hesitancy among health care workers in ATBUTH. A cross-sectional study was carried out using questionnaires administered to health care workers of ATBUTH. Current studies showed that 70 % of respondents were vaccinated while 40 % were not, reasons given by respondents for accepting the vaccine were: 37 % to avoid travel restrictions, 15 % mandatory by employer, 45 % for protection, while 9 % gave other reasons, those that were hesitant in receiving the vaccine did so for fear of side effects, 35 %, lack of adequate information, 30 %, religious belief, 17 %, while 12 % gave a collection of other reasons. Fear of side effects and limited knowledge about the vaccine appear to be the main reasons for vaccine hesitancy among health care workers in ATBUTH.

37-43

Authors: Igor R. Trutyak, Oleg V. Obaranets

Transcondylar and supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children are one of the most pressing and still not completely solved problems of modern pediatric traumatology. In the problem of condylar and supraorbital fractures of the humerus, the issues of diagnosis, choice of indications for surgical revision of the vascular-nervous bundle of the elbow area in this pathology are insufficiently covered. To solve the problems of the study, we analyzed the treatment of 313 victims with transcondylar and supracondylar fractures of the humerus, which were treated at the City Children's Clinical Hospital in Lviv in the period from 2013 to 2018. The structure of the distribution of arrays on the basis of rotational displacement in condylar fractures of the humerus is dominated by displacement up to 30 °, which in the first group was found in 61.8 % of cases, and in the second group – 69.2 % of cases. The share of severe rotational displacements in the structure of group arrays is almost the same in both observation groups: 29.1 % in the first group and 29.5 % in the second group. Analysis of the proportion of extremely severe rotational displacements up to 90 ° in the structure of group arrays revealed that such victims were 7 times more among the victims of the first group than among the victims of the second group, due to the use of the proposed unified protocol scheme for diagnosis and treatment humeral fractures in pediatric patients, which avoids or reduces the difference in the occurrence of secondary displacements.

20-25

Authors: Оleg V. Voennov, Кonstantin V. Моkrov, Valery I. Zаgrekоv, Sergey А. Аbramov, Danyil S. Chumanov, Olesya N. Gunderchuk

An observational prospective study was conducted, during which 50 patients of both sexes with severe COVID-19 and moderate manifestations of acute respiratory failure were examined. The study included patients who showed a decrease in transcutaneous saturation of less than 93 %, with a respiratory rate of no more than 25 per minute, who did not have complaints of dyspnea and impaired consciousness, but required, according to temporary clinical recommendations for the treatment of patients with COVID-19, correction of respiratory disorders. We determined the values of transcutaneous saturation using pulse oximetry, studied the acid-base state and gas composition of arterial and venous blood, and also took into account complaints of respiratory disorders, respiratory rate, the presence of forced breathing, heart rate, the "white spot" symptom and blood lactate level. The selected methods of treatment of respiratory disorders, necessary for the correction of acute respiratory failure, and the results of hospitalization were also taken into account. Based on the data obtained, it was concluded that in patients with COVID-19 "silent hypoxia" is associated with the development of moderate compensated arterial hypoxemia without the development of hypercapnia, tissue hypoxia and acidosis. Arterial hypoxemia in patients with "silent hypoxia" is compensated by known compensatory mechanisms – an increase in the delivery and utilization of oxygen to the tissues and an increase in the alkaline reserve. Moderate arterial hypoxemia without tissue hypoxia is corrected by pron-position and oxygen therapy, and does not require conversion to artificial ventilation.

47-55

Authors: Mousa Qasim Hussein, Omar S. Hamad, Noor Hamza Abdulkhdhur Al-khuzaie

The coronary artery disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally and acute myocardial infarction is the commonest mode of presentation. The tissue Doppler imaging shows myocardial motion (measured as tissue velocity) at specific locations in the heart. Tissue velocity indicates the rate at which a particular point in the myocardium moves toward or away from the transducer. Integration of velocity over time yields displacement or the absolute distance moved by that point. The most common method for determining ventricular volumes is the Simpson rule, or the "rule of disks.” This technique requires recording an apical, four- and/or two-chamber view from which the endocardial border is outlined in end-diastole and end-systole. A cross-sectional study carried out in The AL-Kindey Teaching Hospital (November 2017 – July 2018), 60 patients, 39 (65 %) males and 21(35 %) females with acute myocardial infarction of first time admitted to CCU. All patient were admitted to Coronary Care Unit and Left Ventricular systolic function had been evaluated by measuring Systolic myocardial velocity (sm) by Pulse Wave tissue Doppler imaging and Ejection Fraction by Simpson’s method. Results revealed that 25 patients (41.7 %) of them presented with anterior Myocardial infarction, inferior Myocardial infarction in 17 patients (28.3 %), lateral Myocardial infarction in 11 patients (18.3 %), and septal Myocardial infarction in 7 patients (11.7 %). (60.6 %) of anterior Myocardial infarction, (24.2 %) of inferior Myocardial infarction, (9.1 %) of lateral Myocardial infarction, and (6.1) of septal Myocardial infarction were associated with Ejection Fraction <55. There were significant differences between means of 4 mitral annular sites Sm by ejection fraction for patients with anterior, lateral Myocardial infarction, and septal Myocardial infarction.

62-66

Authors: Priyanka Shukla, Jyoti Singh, Sudhakar Dwivedi, Sanjay Kumar Pandey

When microcytosis occur with severe acute malnutrition it is characterized by body’s tissues thus organs do not get enough oxygen as the red blood cells becomes smaller in size and carries less oxygen which causes sudden major weight loss requiring a quick nutritional and medical intervention. SAM was diagnosed by WHO – MUAC method. Complete blood count and red cell indices were measured by automated 5-part hematoanalyzer and microcytosis was determined by peripheral smear method.Among all SAM infants with microcytic anemia; WBC was elevated and comparative mean value of RBC, MCV and MCH were statistically significant. Xeropthalmic stage and eyes puffiness was associated clinical symptoms of SAM infants with microcytosis. The result of the study emphasizes the importance of identifying the co-morbidities of microcytic anemia in SAM infants.