Journal of Special Education and Rehabilitation

7-16

Authors: Natasha ANGELOSKA-GALEVSKA

The scientific researches in special education are used for systematic investigation of a certain sub­ject or phenomenon that aims to reach knowledge that can improve education and rehabilitation of people with special needs. There is a huge variety of research strategies, and what the researcher will choose among them depends on the research ob­jective, the nature of the investigated phenomenon and the possibilities for its examination, the ex­perience of the researcher, the research tools, and many other factors. In this text, different types of scientific researches are explained, according to their division based on different criteria. This review does not include all types of research, but the most basic and the most common ones in the theory and practice of special education, such as the basic and the applied re­search, the theoretical and the empirical, the cross sectional and the panel, etc. Key Words: types of research, methodology, spe­­cial education

25-39

Authors: Vladimir TRAJKOVSKI Kristin VASILEVSKA Ljupcho AJDINSKI Mirko SPIROSKI

Infantile autism is pervasive developmental disorder with abnormal or damaged psychical development manifested after the second or third year of life, with characteristics in the shift of pathological functioning in the sphere of social interactions, in communications with the environment, and with repetitive behavior. The aim of this article is to show a part of demographic and epidemiological characteristics of the population with autism registered in the Republic of Macedonia.This research is a retrospective study, followed on the territory of the Republic of Macedonia, which covered 50 people with autism. All examined people have a verified diagnosis according to ICD-10 classification of diseases and DSM-IV criteria made in the special educational and medical institutions in our country. From the analysis of examined autistic people in the sample it has confirmed that the prevalence of autism in RM is 0.25 people up to 10.000 inhabitants. The male gender is 2.5 times more frequent than the female gender. The mean age of patients is 11 years. The socio-economic condition does not take part in the genesis of autism. The season of birth is not connected with the appearance of the disturbance. Data for mothers disease during the pregnancy (p=0.04), as well as the pathological course of the pregnancy (p=0.02) is a risk factor for appearance of the syndrome. The pathological delivery and the complications in the perinatal period are not the risk factors in this study (p>0.05). The duration of nursing and the preliminary rejection of mother’s milk are significantly associated with the appearance of autism (p<0.01). The results from this study may be useful as a good base for further epidemiological researching, revealing new risk factors in the genesis of autism, and for planning the prevention of this severe syndrome.

49-59

Authors: Danijela ILICH-STOSHOVIKJ Snezhana NIKOLIKJ Maja NEDOVIKJ

The assessment is the biggest problem in teaching practice and the most important research problem which attracts the attention of pedagogues. In pedagogic literature many critics can be found against numeric assessment in regular schools, but this problem has not been researched enough in schools for physical disabled pupils. The attitudes of teachers towered concrete assessment system in these schools can be an excellent indicator of the basic problem of this system and a great indicator for the direction of the special education reforms. The attitude of teachers shows that current system of assessment is overruled and is neither objective nor practical, because of heterogenic structure of pupils in a class. The school programs are not adapted to the abilities of pupil, so, it is not possible to evaluate school success at all. The most important function of school assessment should be monitoring of the school progress of physically disabled pupils. This assessment function is mostly used by the teachers. The intervals of school assessment should be more frequent than they are now. A simple and clear definition of teaching goals could make possible for pupils and their parents to understand what school expects of them. Key Words: numeric assessment, physically disabled pupils, attitudes, teachers

77-87

Authors: Ranko KOVAČEVIKJ Schachira MESCHALIKJ

The aim of this paper is to examine relations of the school results and family characteristics of the students in the primary school with behaviour disorders. This paper begins with the hypothesis which shows that students with bad school results have very poor family characteristics compared to students with better school results. The sample consisted of 112 students from 6 primary schools, within the municipality of Tuzla. Chi-square test showed three variables statistically important: mother's education, father's education, and socio-economic conditions in the family. The achieved results have shown that the educational inferiority of the parents and the poor socio-economic situation of the family have big influence on the school results. Key Words: school results, and family conditions

99-104

Authors: Ljupcho AJDINSKI

From the debate on the Draft National Program for development of education in the RM held in the second half of 2004

112-114

Authors: Kiril TEMKOV

A good book will certainly attract attention of educators and those interested in regular life knowledge. Marija Ajdinska and Velichko Andreevski, well - known pedagogues and special educators, collected thousands of edifying sayings from all over the world and published them as a necessary work for those who think of themselves and others and of life itself. This collection of morals on 300 pages can certainly direct one on the right life path. The morals are divided in 10 chapters – for man and life, woman and love, work and success, good and evil, happiness and hope, freedom and peace, health and age, humanity and friendship, joy and trouble. For each issue there are important considerations and morals, everyone can find a guide for his/her behaviour. Here is one of the morals: “A practical person considers everything in life seriously, but not tragically.” This book of wisdoms reminds us of education and development for everyone. A man was born as a human being that could survive only with the help of other people and learning.

117-125

Authors: Vijendra K. SINGH

The pathogenesis of autism, a neurological disorder severely affecting young children, may involve inflammation and autoimmunity. In this report, the distribution of acute-phase C-reactive protein (CRP) and S100 proteins was examined in normal and autistic children. Their serum levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Autistic children were found to have significantly higher than normal levels of CRP (p=0.005) and S100 proteins (p=0.03). The existence of elevated levels of CRP and S100 proteins in autistic children is an excellent sign of systemic inflammation that may contribute to the neuropathology of this brain disorder. Key Words:Autism; C-reactive protein; S100 proteins; Inflammation; Acute-phase response; Autoimmunity; Brain disorders