Journal of Special Education and Rehabilitation

25-32

Authors: Nergis RAMO AKGJUN, Risto PETROV

While working with pupils with special educational needs, the necessity of compassion while communicating with them is more obvious. The exchange of emotions between the child and the special educator, as well as the way the special educator responds to them, is fundamental for the further development of their feelings. For this reason, the goal of our research was to confirm the necessity of more sensitive communication while working with pupils with moderate intellectual disability following the emotional-expressive principles of the ICDP program. According to the defined goal, the subject of this research was to gather information regarding the level of sensitive communication in our special educational system, trough special educators' self-evaluation procedure and evaluation of pupils with moderate intellectual disability and their parents. The representative sample was consisted of three groups: special educators, pupils with moderate intellectual disability and their parents. Every group was consisted of twenty examinees or in total the research included 60 participants. The statistical data processing was achieved via tables, graphics and with determination of the R X C Exact Contingency Table. The research results showed strong statistically significant difference in the answers provided by the three groups of examinees. Based on the results, the main conclusion is that during the educational activities in the special educational system, the pupils with moderate intellectual disability have needs for greater sensitivity in the communication and interaction with their special educators.

50-58

Authors: Neda MILOSHEVIKJ, Mile VUKOVIKJ

Specific language disorders include primary speech and language disorder developing in intelligent children without hearing damaged and visible neural damage. Even the fact of grammatical-syntactically deficits as cha­ra­cte­ris­tic of specific language disorders, they are not properly examined. Because of numerous varia­tions in clinical manifestation and expressi­on of specific language disorders, there is need for specific analysis of grammatical-syntactically deficits in children who had diagnoses of speech - language disorders. The aim of study was to analyse the grammatical-syntactically deficits in children who had diagnoses of speech - language disorders according to non- specific EEG changes. Material and methods: The entire sample included 30 patients from the Institute for Psycho - Physiological and Speech Disor­ders “Professor dr. Cvetko Brajovic”. The sample was divided in the two groups by the findings of neurologists. The tests used for spe­c­ific lan­gu­a­ge disorders were: test decrypting of pic­tu­re. The results were processed by methods of des­criptive statistics. Results: Based on the descriptive statistical analysis, it was shown that there are differences in the grammatical-syntactic deficits examined groups. Conclusion:Assessment of the grammatical-syntactically abilities compa­red to non-specific EEG changes may have practical importance in specifying of the speech - language disorders and their prognosis.

77-90

Authors: Darinka SHOSTER, Nada DOBROTA DAVIDOVIКЈ, Silvana FILIPOVA, Biljana LOZANOVSKA

Introduction: Stuttering is not a problem of individuals, but it’s a problem in the verbal communication with others. Individual and group treatment is equally important to use while working with people who stutter. Purpose: Group treatment is used to allow the patient adequate adjustment in all problematic situations (situations increasing stuttering) in the environment and to gradually inhibit negative emotions. Material and methods: Objective speech tool is used in this testing (evaluation of speech status under Fiedler, PA Standop, R.Stotern-Schwarzenberg, Munchen, 1978) to determine the degree and type of speech disorder. The anxiety feeling is also evaluated, where the subjective assessment of patients' anxiety is expressed in units SUD (subjective units of disturbance or distress - subjective assessment of suffering) Results and Conclusion: The results showed that group stationary treatment has a huge significance in reducing the anxiety of patients who stutter.

103-106

Authors: Ana PETKOVSKA

In the last six decades, the autism has arisen significant interest among doctors and researchers. Great achievements have been made in this field of study, in order to help understand this intriguing disorder. However, despite all the efforts of raising the awareness among the population in our country regarding the autism and the pervasive development disorders, these topics are still little known about. After a couple of years following the demands of the modern society, the Monograph 'Autism' received addition written by Prof. Dr. Vladimir Trajkovski. The comprehensive book of 'Autism and pervasive development disorders' was pub­lished on 3rd of June, 2011. The improvements made in the content and the complexity of the book, reflect the significant progress during the period of seven years. The book “Autism and pervasive development disorders” is written in 412 pages, divided into 14 chapters: history, definition and classification of the autism and pervasive development disorders; epidemiological characteristics of the autism; etiology and pathogenesis of the autism; neuropathology and neuroradiological studies regarding the autism; clinical characteristics of autism; diagnosis and differential diagnosis of autism; treatment of autism; results and prognosis for the autism; medical conditions with the autism; autism and sexuality; Asperger's syndrome; Rett's syndrome; infantile disin­tegrated disorder and pervasive development disorders not specified in another way (PDD-NOS). Each chapter separately re­pre­sents a unique possibility for students to easily get the desired information and master more successfully the essential material. Prof. Dr. Vladimir Trajkovski presents us with a complete overview of the modern approaches in classification and definition of the autism and the pervasive development disorders, in order to achieve on-time diagnosis of the disorders present among small children. The depth of information in the section with epidemiological characteristics of the autism can be seen from the use of correct and precise empirical data, which gives a complete idea for the increased incidence of this condition worldwide. Since there isn't only one reason for the origin of autism, the author describes in details the etiology and pathogenesis of the autism. The rea­ders can learn about the genetics and immunogenetics of autism, the immunological disorders, the biochemical and metabolic disorders of this syndrome, with special emphasis placed on the mercury as an etiological factor. The author explains the connection of autism with the functional and structural changes in the brain, with detailed analysis of the neuropathological and neuro­ra­dio­logical studies. Many people have doubts of what the autism is and how can one recognize an autistic child, so for that reason in the fifth chapter are presented the basic characteristics which are universal and used for diagnosing the autism. Furthermore, Prof. Trajkovski emphasizes the need for early diagnosis of the disorder for on-time start with appropriate treatment. The author enables an overview of the contemporary pharmacological treatments and the importance of potential gains in certain cases from the treatment with medicines. One particular questions being asked by anyone involved in this problem; What are the results and prognosis of the autism; is elaborated in the eighth chapter. New addition to the book are the chapters in which are described the autism and the sexuality; Asperger's syndrome, Rett's syndrome, the infantile disintegrated disorder and pervasive development disorders not specified in another way. According to the above mentioned, the chapters in this book are a testimony of the progress as well as the constant need for researching. The author uses vast and comprehensive literature which is notably updated and revised. The book is written up to academic and aesthetically satisfactory level and despite the specialized terminology, it is still intelligible for any type of readers. Particularly outstanding is the rich and illustrative cover made up to world standards. 'Autism and pervasive development disorder' is intended for the students from the second and third cycle of studies at the Institute of Special Education and Rehabilitation at the Faculty of Philosophy. However, it can also be of use to medical doctors, residents on psychiatry, pediatricians, psychologists, speech therapist, social workers, so they can extend their knowledge and at last but not least significant, in this book each parent to an autistic child can find advices, encouragement and hope trough their journey with their child. It is recommendable for every school regardless of size, that has a responsibility for education and upbringing of children with autism and other pervasive development disorders, to have this book on the library bookshelves. The book can be purchased from the Student service at the Faculty of philosophy in Skopje for a symbolic price of only 900 denars.

111-112

Authors: Angela CHINGOSKA

This year for the first time on 13 of аpril 2011 in the amphitheatre of the Medical Faculty, in organization by the University Clinic for Psychiatry in Skopje and in collaboration with the Association of Psychiatrists of the Republic of Macedonia, the Macedonian Scientific Association for Autism – MSAA and the Medical Faculty of Skopje, it was held a symposium with the topic “Autism spectrum disorders – diagnostics, early intervention and prevention”. This symposium followed the celebration of the Word Day of Autism. The symposium was officially opened by Prof. Dr. Marija Raleva, who saluted the guests and briefly explained the nature of the autistic disorders which were the major motivation for organizing a conference of this kind. Along, Prof. Dr. Raleva also presented her work with the title “Autism Spectrum Disorders – diagnostic possibilities”, followed by another presentation from Dr. Kamka Paketchieva with the title “Autism Spectrum Disorders against Early Child Psychosis”. After, the article “Autism Identification, Diagnostics and Early Interventions in the Republic of Macedonia” was presented by Prim. Dr. Meri Boshkovska. Exceptional contribution to enrichment of the knowledge made the article titled “Prevention from Autism” written by Prof. Dr. Vladimir Trajkovski. Further, followed a video presentation of the “Interview for Autism Diagnostics” – ADI-R. The symposium ended with a discussion, during which the audience had an opportunity to make statements, to ask questions and express appreciation for the new knowledge gained regarding the developmental disorders discussed. The symposium was certificated by the Doctor's Chamber of the Republic of Macedonia and the doctors, professors, masters, special educators and other experts who have participated had a chance to receive a certificate for their presence at the symposium that contributed for enrich­ment of their knowledge and experience.

115-116

Authors: Valentina DUKOVSKA

In the period between the 19th and 21th of May 2011, in Ohrid was held a symposium: early intervention and developmental disorders. The symposium was organized by the Association of special educators and rehabilitators of the Republic of Macedonia and the Pediatric association of Macedonia, supported by the Faculty of Philosophy and Institute of special edu­cation and rehabilitation, the University hospital and the Pediatric clinic. The theme of the symposium was the early in­ter­vention, which in terms of the children with spe­cial needs has an extremely important pro­fessio­nal and vast social significance. The aim of the symposium was to present situation with the early intervention in Macedonia, to consider foreign experiences and to adopt a strategy for further action and improvement. The symposium was with international parti­ci­pa­tion.45 lectures were held of which 10 by foreign experts. Among the participants were foreign also guests from Italy, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzego­vi­na, Serbia, Bulgaria and Kosovo. There was a representative from the Ministry of Labor and Social Policy. The symposium was with the active participation of special educators and rehabilitators, pedi­atricians, psychologists, ophtalmologists, otorino­laringologists, speech therapists and physi­atrists. On the symposium were processed topics such as early screening, early detection and diagnosis, early intervention in high risk newborns and in children with developmental disorders, hearing impairment, vision impairments, speech disor­ders, and the problems of the families of children with special needs. After the lectures, certain proposed measures and conclusions were adopted. For the improvement of the situation of early intervention, it is necessary to joint the work of the specialists and the experts from many areas through the creation of multidisciplinary teams, and employment of special educators and rehabilitators in all three areas; health, education, labor and social policy. The early intervention requires connecting and coordinated functioning of the three ministries; health, education, labor and social policy. It is necessary to network and coordinate all institutions that work with risky infants and children with special needs. It is also necessary the implementation of auditory screening, early intervention in NICU, early intervention in children with vision impairments. The goal of the early intervention is primarily preventative. The early intervention is the right of every child and its family. It is a prerequisite for successful inclusion.