Nanotechnology Research and Practice

Number 1 (9), 2016

4-11
Improving Nano-Hardness of Stainless Steel Cr18Ni10Ti Through Electrochemical Machining

Authors: Nguyen Thi Hong

Abstract

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Number of views: 542

One of the major mechanical and physical parameters for surface quality is hardness. In this paper was studied the electrochemical machining (ECM) to improve the surface micro-hardness and nano-hardness of stainless steel samples. The materials studied are used as samples of stainless steel Cr18Ni10Ti after electrochemical machining under different current density in a water solution of NaCl with various concentrations. The results showed that with increasing the current density from 0 to 28.3 A/cm2 the surface micro-hardness and nano-hardness of samples after the ECM increases and maximum value was 5.06 GPa.

12-28
New Nano- and Biotechnological Applications of Bacterial and Animal Photoreceptor Pigments  Bacteriorhodopsin, Rhodopsin and Iodopsin

Authors: Ignat Ignatov, Oleg Mosin

Abstract

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Number of views: 573

This paper views predominately the structure and function of animal and bacterial photoreceptor pigments (rhodopsin, iodopsin, bacteriorhodopsin) and new aspects of their nano- and biotechnological usage. On an example of bacteriorhodopsin was described the method of its isolation from purple membranes of photo-organotrophic halobacterium Halobacterium halobium by cellular autolysis by distilled water, processing of bacterial biomass by ultrasound at 22 KHz, alcohol extraction of low and high-weight molecular impurities, cellular RNA, carotenoids and lipids, the solubilization with 0,5 % (w/v) SDS-Na and subsequent fractionation by methanol and gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G-200 Column balanced with 0.09 M Tris-HCl buffer (pH = 6,76) with 0,1 % (w/v) SDS-Na and 2,5 mM EDTA. Within the framework of the research the mechanism of color perception by the visual analyzer having the ability to analyze certain ranges of the optical spectrum, as colors was studied along with an analysis of the additive mixing of two colors. It was shown that at the mixing of electromagnetic waves with different wavelengths, the visual analyzer perceive them as separate or average wave length corresponding to mix color.

29-46
Structural Models of Melt Water and Mountain Water from Bulgaria Obtained by IR, NES And DNES-Methods

Authors: Ignat Ignatov, Oleg Mosin, Enrico Bauer

Abstract

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Natural waters derived from various Bulgarian water springs as well as mountain water, melt water and water with varying deuterium content and the human blood serum of cancer patients were investigated by IR, NES and DNES methods to establish the structural mathematical models of water. As estimation factor was measured the values of the average energy of hydrogen bonds (∆EH...O) among H2O molecules, as well as local maxima in IR- and DNES-spectra of various samples of water and human blood serum at ∆EH...O = -0.1387 eV (the DNES-method) and λ = 8.95 μm (the IR-method). The increased content of deuterium in water leads to physiological, morphological and cytology alterations of the cell, and also renders negative influence on cellular metabolism, while deuterium depleted water with the residual 60–100 ppm deuterium content has beneficial effects on health. For a group of people in critical condition of life and patients with malignant tumors the greatest values of local maxima in DNES-spectra are shifted to lower energies relative to the control group. In frames of the research was carried out the computer calculation of elemental polyhedral nanoclusters with a formula (Н2О)n, where n = 3–20. Based on this data some important physical characteristics of water were obtained, e.g. the average energy of hydrogen bonding between Н2О molecules in the process of cluster formation measured by the DNES method was compiled -0.1067 ± 0.0011 eV.