European Reviews of Chemical Research

3-7

Authors: Konstantin V. Taran

The article is devoted to some biographical aspects of the outstanding Russian physiologist, physician and biochemist, Professor Lev Zakharovich Morokhovets (1848–1919). The material of this study was the works of the scientist himself, as well as a biographical study made by his descendants. There were used as research methods the content analysis, biographical analysis and synthesis method. Having an excellent medical education, L.Z. Morokhovets was an active and versatile researcher, making a number of findings in the field of digestion, physiology of movement of higher living beings, physiology and semiotics of human speech, as well as classification and systematization of the evolution of medical knowledge. As an organizer of scientific activity, he became famous for the creation of the Museum of Medicine and co-organizer of the Karadag scientific station. He had the rank of a full state councilor. He combined his scientific and administrative activities with teaching at Moscow University, as well as with educational and publishing, initiating the creation of the journal “Trudy fiziologicheskogo instituta Imperatorskogo Moskovskogo universiteta”.

15-23

Authors: Anvar M. Mamadaliev

The article presents a brief review of some actual chemical research published in the Russian journals in 2023. The purpose of the work is to identify the important areas of chemical research. There were used such research methods as content analysis, synthesis and classification. There were analyzed the publications in the field of general and inorganic chemistry, as well as physical and applied chemistry. In the course of the study, we came to the conclusion that works in the field of chemistry are very relevant, the number of articles in various branches of chemical science and their share in the RSCI is very high. Most of the above studies are sensitive in the field of Russian national security, so access to the full text of these studies is closed. It is also very common to find review publications of a bibliographic nature on certain issues of modern chemistry.

3-12

Authors: Viktor N. Bekhterev, Svetlana N. Gavrilova, Eugenia G. Neskubina, Igor N. Shipanov

The results and experience of applying the new principle of extraction of target organic substances from water-containing matrices, extractive freezing-out, at the stage of preliminary preparation of biological objects for instrumental analysis in chemical-toxicological and forensic chemical studies are demonstrated. It is shown that the proposed method is much cheaper than the traditionally used methods of liquid extraction and sorption extraction. The technology allows the use of hydrophilic, water-soluble extractants without any chemical modification of the sample. It compares favorably with liquid and solid-phase extraction in that it makes it possible to extract organic compounds from highly contaminated, dispersed systems immediately without the additional manipulations necessary in this case. The developed methods for the determination of drugs and narcotic substances in combination with various types of chromatographic identification are selective, significantly reduce the background of extractive components and take less time due to the one-stage sample preparation procedure. This is beneficial in terms of improving the quality and reliability of expert research. A minimum amount of reagents and consumables is required, which meets the requirements of green chemistry. To date, the extractive freezing-out technique under the influence of a field of centrifugal forces has already been implemented as a laboratory device – a cryoextractor EFC. The introduction of extractive freezing-out into the practice of forensic chemical laboratories does not require special professional training of personnel.

3-16

Authors: Mohammad Asif

The main objectives of this review to study of synthetic routes and biological activities of substituted Pyrazole, and 1,2,4-Triazole derivatives. These Pyrazole, and 1,2,4-Triazole derivatives have various types of biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal. analgesic, antimicrobial, antiiflammatory, anticancer, antidepressant, anticonvulsant, anti-hyperglycemic, antipyretic, fungicidal, anti-arthritic and other biological activities. Moreover, some of the currently available drugs have been shown to exhibit unfavourable side effects and toxicity. It is well established that small modifications in the structure of the targets are altering their biological character as well as their physiochemical properties.

3-15

Authors: Olawale F. Akinyele, Emmanuel G. Fakola, Oluwatoba E. Oyeneyin, Omolara O. Adeboye, Ayowole O. Ayeni, Justinah S. Amoko, Temitope A. Ajayeoba

The continuous search for drugs that can combat COVID-19 virus is very important in a bid to save lives and address failing economies. Schiff bases and amide compounds derived from the fusion of primaquine (a 4-aminoqinoline antimalarial) and favipiravir are hereby reported because of suitable synthetic approaches and are investigated for their potential as drug candidates against the virus. The molecular docking results using iGEMDOCK and LeDock showed that the compounds had better interaction with the protease protein of the coronavirus (6LU7) as they displayed better scores than the standard drugs used in the study (chloroquine and favipiravir). The high binding affinity could be as a result of the fusion of both drug candidates. The docking results were analyzed using Discovery Studio and PyMOL. The druglikeness showed that they qualify as oral drug candidates, hence these compounds could serve as potential inhibitors of COVID-19, subject to further clinical and pre-clinical probes.

20-36

Authors: H.A. Shindy, M.A. El-Maghraby, F.M. Eissa

In the present study, the electronic absorption spectra of some biheterocyclic cyanine dyes having furan and pyrazole nucleus was recorded and investigated in a number of 6 (six) pure solvents having different polarities [water (78.54), D.M.F (36.70), ethanol (24.3), chloroform (4.806), CC14 (2.238) and dioxane (2.209)], mixed solvents [DMF-H2O] and/or in a series of 8 (eight) aqueous universal buffer solutions having varied pH values [1.65, 2.32, 4.62, 5.85, 6.41, 7.82, 9.61 and 11.63 units] to evaluate their solvatochromic and/or halochromic properties, respectively. The dyes were thought to be better solvatochromic dyes when they give strong positive and/or negative solvatochromism in pure solvents having different polarities. Consequently, the solvatochromic of the dyes decrease when they give weak positive and/or negative solvatochromism in pure solvents having different polarities. In addition, the dyes were thought to be better halochromic dyes when they give strong positive and/or negative halochromism in aqueous universal buffer solutions having varied pH values. Consequently, the halochromic of the dyes decrease when they give weak positive and/or negative halochromism in aqueous universal buffer solutions having varied pH values. The study covers two different types of cyanine dyes. It includes, bis dimethine cyanine dyes and di-tri mixed methine cyanine dyes.

49-61

Authors: Ignat Ignatov

The studies were performed of the composition of water, its temperature, pH and oxidation reduction potential (ORP) value in experiments with modelling of primary hydrosphere and possible conditions for origin of first organic forms of life in hot mineral water in hydrothermal springs and open ponds. Experiments with hot mineral and seawater from Bulgaria by IR-spectroscopy with DNES-method and Thermo Nicolet Avatar 360 Fourier-transform IR were conducted. Cactus juice of Echinopsis pachanoi and Jellyfish Aurelia aurita from Black Sea were used as model systems. The reactions of condensation and dehydration in alkaline aqueous solutions with рН = 9–11, resulting in synthesis of larger organic molecules as polymers and short polipeptides from separate molecules, were considered and scrutinized. It was shown that hot alkaline mineral water with temperature from +65 0C to +95 0C and pH value from 8.5 to 10 and ORP with negative value is more suitable for the origination of life and living matter than other analyzed water samples. The pH value of seawater on the contrary is limited to the range of 7,5 to 8,4 units. The research was connected with estimation of the common local extremums in hot mineral and sea water, cactus juice and jellyfish.

68-74

Authors: Nedyalka Valcheva

Defined are the physicochemical properties of healing thermal spring waters in the area of Burgas District. It is shown that according to 18 controlled parameters included in the research, the thermal healing spring water village of Shivarovo, thermal healing spring water village of Polyanovo, fulfill the required conditions for drinking water. The spring waters from the given four water sources are characterized by microbiological indicators, as the pathogenic micro-organisms are defined by the membrane method. It is established that thermal healing spring water Burgas Mineral baths, thermal healing spring water village of Shivarovo, thermal healing spring water of village of Polyanovo, fulfill the standard requirements. The healing water of village Judge, District ofBurgas does not conform to the physicochemical indicators given for fluorides, and microbiological indicators with regards to coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli and enterococci.