Journal of Social and Technological Development

5

Authors: Vesna Radojčić, Aleksandar Sandro Cvetković

Precision agriculture is becoming increasingly important in modern agriculture as it allows farmers to optimize production and increase yields. This includes the use of sensors and technologies to collect and analyze data on soil, crops, weather, and other relevant factors. However, existing technology still has limitations such as accuracy and coverage over large areas. In order to solve this, new sensors and technologies are being developed, especially those based on artificial intelligence and machine learning, which allow for greater accuracy in data collection. In addition, new technologies such as drones and satellite imagery are being used to map crops and optimize agricultural production. This paper analyzes some of the latest developments in precision agriculture, providing insight into the future development and application of this technology. This work is particularly relevant to farmers, researchers, and companies involved in the development of sensors and technologies for precision agriculture.

13

Authors: Snježana Stanar

Mobbing is a behaviour whose aim is to underestimate and degrade other human beings by means of malevolent language and obscure cruel acts, which gradually undermine one’s proper functioning and affect both one’s mental and physical health (Kostelić-Martić, 2005). Well-being at work refers to all aspects of employees’ workplace life, from how they feel, what their working environment is like, safety at work including physical and psychological safety, job satisfaction, involvement in work and the position they have in the organization. The research problem refers to the examination of the connection between the perception of mobbing and the well-being at work of employees. Individuals who perceive mobbing as present in the organization and who are exposed to this type of stress, have impaired well-being. According to earlier findings, mobbing significantly affects the well-being of individuals at work in a way that impairs it, whereby they experience various psychological disturbances and are thrown out of work activities, because they stop adequately performing work tasks. Also, people who experience mobbing have a decline on motivation, work efficiency, a drop in the feeling of fulfillment, loss of trust, they complain of fatigue and feelings of anger and frustration. Two measurement instruments were used in the research: the mobbing perception scale and the Work Well-being Scale – WBWS, which have satisfactory measurement characteristics. The survey was conducted via an anonymous internet questionnaire, and a representative sample of employees in Bosnia and Herzegovina was used (n=273). The data thus obtained indicates that, statistically, the perception of mobbing is significantly negatively related to well-being (rho=-.382, p<.01), and its two aspects: positive affects (rho=-.531, p<.01), a feeling of fulfillment (rho=-.337, p<.01), and positively related to the negative effects aspect (rho=.592, p<.01), which confirms both the starting hypothesis and its sub-hypotheses. The perception of mobbing in the workplace negatively affects the well-being at work, i.e. higher levels of subjective perception of mobbing go hand in hand with lower levels of well-being at work. Furthermore, higher levels of the perception of mobbing are accompanied with lower levels of positive affects and feeling of fulfillment, and higher levels of negative affects. Although the consequences of mobbing are felt, to the greatest extent, on an individual level, there are inevitable negative consequences on the organizational level as well. As mobbing has a negative effect on the well-being at work of an individual, it also adversely affects the work and results of the entire organization.

18

Authors: Jefto Džino, Stefan Džino

Digitization of public administration is a choice that has no alternative. The analysis of public administration in Bosnia and Herzegovina was research through the trends of changes in public administration and refers to: working conditions, access to work execution, developments with IT personnel, business conditions, investments, needs for new technologies, equipment and security. The key factor in every public administration is personnel. In the paper, we have presented an analysis of the employment of IT personnel at the level of B&H and the facts that emerged from the conducted analyses. Management of IT personnel, their need, recruitment and stimulation in public administration is a big challenge. An analysis of the current situation, trends and solutions is given through the available data. In order to digitize public administration, investments are also needed, of course these investments should be well thought out and guided by examples of good practice. Based on available data, analyses of investments in ICT in public administration at the level of institutions of B&H and Brčko District were carried out. An example of good practice was presented and solutions were given.

6

Authors: Simonida Vilić, Tatjana Dujaković

Corruption is undoubtedly present everywhere in Bosnia and Herzegovina, in all pores of society and on an increasing scale. The fight against corruption is a great challenge for the most developed countries in the world. Therefore, it is not surprising that Bosnia and Herzegovina, burdened by political problems and poverty, finds it difficult to find effective mechanisms to combat this extremely negative phenomenon. The reasons for poor results in the prosecution of corrupt crimes range from the very nature of the phenomenon of corruption, which is shrouded in secrecy due to the interests of participants, which makes it difficult to disclose, to insufficiently good institutional and legal solutions. The aim of this paper is to determine the awareness of B&H citizens about corruption in the workplace and the way they relate to corruption in everyday life, but also to analyze the performance of state institutions in preventing and combating corruption. Based on the defined problem to be investigated and the set goals, the methodology used during the research was determined. The scientific-research character of this paper is based on the analysis of relevant scientific literature and modern sources using the methods of examination, methods of analysis, methods of comparison, methods of description and methods of deduction.

7

Authors: Senka Šekularac-Ivošević, Dragana Milošević, Đorđe Lakonić, Boban Melović

In today’s modern shipping business environment, there is a shift from traditional to digital marketing. Social media has the most significant potential for companies to reach consumers; thus, this paper aims to discover the intensity and content of the marketing activities of shipping companies through social media. Two different types of companies, the container and multi-purpose ones, are the objects of research, primarily analyzed based on the number of followers, posts, likes, comments, and shares on social media. The results show the highest intensity of Facebook usage for shipping companies. It was also discovered that shipping companies actively use Facebook, and this form of online representation is considered more precise regarding brand awareness and public engagement. The content analysis revealed that shipping companies have no intention of selling services using social media. Namely, there are limited network-building or customer relationship efforts, but activities in Corporate Social Responsibility activities, Employee Brand Management, and Sustainability increase. The paper revealed that shipping companies use digital marketing toward the internal public and employees, increasing marketing and human resource management activities. This paper opens up the possibilities of a more significant application of marketing in the shipping industry, bearing in mind the trends of digitization of maritime operational processes and supply chains.

9

Authors: Hermini Susiatiningsih, Nadia Farabi, Satwika Paramasatya, Dzulfiqar Fathur Rahman

Semarang, as the capital city of Central Java province, Indonesia, has been exercising its own diplomacy in pursuit of its interests related to economy and disaster. Under the leadership of mayor named Mr. Hendrar “Hendi” Prihadi, the city administration has been practicing city diplomacy as a means to attract both domestic and foreign investors by convening a business forum, called Semarang Business Forum (Sembiz), and to explore partnership in building the city’s disaster resilience by joining a city network, called 100 Resilient Cities (100RC). According to the argument by Keating (1999) in explaining Para diplomacy, this paper argues that Hendi administration’s strategies in exercising city diplomacy were shaped by its motives, as reflected in Regional Long Term Development Plan (RPJMD), and the opportunity structure in terms of existing regimes where the city could observe suitable cooperation. This paper finds that Hendi administration benefited from city diplomacy in solving local urban issues, such as the tidal and flash flooding problem in the coastal area of Semarang.

13

Authors: Darjana Sredić

Sociosexuality is a term that explains differences in individuals ’willingness to engage in sexual intercourse without intimacy, fidelity, and other determinants of emotional connection. The aim of this study was to examine how the dimensions of personality traits are related to sociosexual orientation in women and men in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The research was conducted on a sample of 430 respondents, aged 18 to 71 from BiH. Data were collected using three instruments: the Socio-Demographic Questionnaire, the Big Five Plus Two Personality Trait Questionnaire (VP + 2) and the Sociosexual Orientation (SOI) Questionnaire. Adequate statistical methods were used to estimate the difference between the group and the computational correlation. The results partially confirmed the hypotheses. Men are less restrictive than women and their liberality contributes to aggression, negative and positive valence. Women are noticeably restrictive, the personality dimensions associated with it are conscientiousness and negative valence.

6

Authors: Abdellatif Denine, Patrick Siegfried

The objective of this study is to allow a better understanding of the role of industry 4.0 technologies, especially filament extrusion technology in the reduction of costs, environmental impact, energy consumption, and the possibility to expand the range of printable materials. The study focuses on the desktop Filament Extruders available in the market now, where these machines are assessed and future possible modifications for these apparatuses are presented. The research leading to the publication of this study consists of a review of the existing literature, in addition, information from different extruders manufacturers’ websites has been used. The study has demonstrated that the extrusion of material at home is still not an exact science, and the process ends up costing the user large sums of money over time. However, there are still limitations to the use of this technology such as the lack of standardized extrusion settings, the necessity of pre-drying the pellets, and the complexity of the extruder cleaning process after each use.

8

Authors: Albertus Recky Robertho, Hardi Warsono

The way to clarify the concept of the human resources competence of The Indonesian National Police (POLRI) is believed to be a key factor in determining the success of the police organization. Currently, POLRI has implemented an open position promotion program which one of the stages uses the Assessment Center to exam managerial competence. This research aims to analyze the policies and impact of assessment center implementation in supporting of the open positions promotion. The Researchers apply qualitative approaches with data collection techniques in the form of observations, interviews and document studies. The results of the study findings concluded that the Assessment Center implementation policy in support of open promotion in the narrow sense has been implemented although incomplete. In a broad sense, the implementation of assessment center policies in supporting of open promotion has not been successful and has not given a positive impact. This is because The Indonesian National Police as a bureaucratic organization, does not fully have the organizational capacity that is the backbone of bureaucracy, which involves: organizational structure; mechanism of work; human resources; financial support as well as resources needed to work. These four elements have not been able to realize optimal conditions and support each other.

12

Authors: Darko Vaselić, Srđan Šuput

Capitalism has brought increase of competition pressure year on year. This competitive situation has influenced a need of corporation flexibility on the markets where exists and consequently development of soft skills in doing business as well. All this has influenced emerging of Ethical code in doing business of corporations, where is defined what is acceptable and what is not acceptable in business conduct. One of the fields of ethic code is society responsible business conduct represented in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) policies. CSR activities, if implemented properly, positively influence corporate business. In the first place this is in area of client relationships represented in easier access to a clients and retention of the clients. Except this positive effect of CSR polices there is also positive effect in the area of employment represented in easier access to better quality of employees, in longer retention of those employees and in improved motivation of the employees. All this positively influence business of corporations which implement CSR activities which also has positive effect in their profitability and in their competitive status on a market. With this is also set aim of this paper which is to investigate if there is positive correlation between a bank`s business success and success of implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility programs in society where it does a business.

13

Authors: Vonny Farizky, Kismartini Kismartini

The way to clarify the concept of society role in local government affairs by implementing collaborative governance. Hartley, et al., had created the term ‘collaborative governance’ to highlight multi-stakeholder engagement across organizations as viable alternatives or additions to coordination with market competition and hierarchical solutions (Hartley, Sørensen, & Torfing, 2013). This research aims to analyze and describe Collaborative Governance in Increasing Tourism in the New Normal Era during Covid 19 Pandemic in Indonesia. The results show that in response to the Covid-19 Pandemic, the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) in 2020 has revised the growth prospects of international tourists negative from 1% to 3%, while in Asia and Pacific will be the worst affected regions, with an expected drop in arrivals of between 9% and 12%. The tourist visits to Indonesia are slowly decreasing. Cumulatively from January to March in 2020, the number of tourists who came only reached 2.61 million people or dropped drastically by 30.62 percent; compared to the same period in the last year, 3.76 million people. When compared to February, the number of tourist arrivals decreased by 45.50 percent; While when compared to the same period last year the decline was recorded even more drastically, which is 64.11 percent. The decrease from the tourism sector is predicted to reach IDR. 60 trillion Rupiah. The Central Government through the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy, and supported by the Government at the Provincial/Regency/City level through the Tourism Office and tourism business entrepreneurs in the region is trying to prepare destinations in accordance with the “new normal” conditions post-Covid-19 in accordance with the principles of hygiene and excellent sanitization, as well as creating tourism destinations that are encouraged to continue in improving and increasingly aggressive in applying the principles of sustainable tourism development (resilience, sustainable, and responsible).

15

Authors: Vlade Simović, Ivan Ilić

The subject of this paper is models of consociational democracy in Austria and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The aim is to define in a comparative analysis the similarities and differences between consociational systems of government in these two countries, their practice and scope. Based on these conclusions, we draw new knowledge in the field of activities and possibilities of consociational arrangements in the divided societies of modern Europe. The scientific justification of this paper is that through the analysis of different consociational democracies and their practical experiences, the scope of this form of democratic rule is assessed, and the conclusions are theoretically added to the existing fund of scientific knowledge about this phenomenon. The social contribution of the paper is in the fact that consociational democracy is an increasingly common solution for many divided societies and therefore the analysis of existing consociational democracies is a socially justified topic.

15

Authors: Zoran Filipović

An administrative contract is a specific contract with a special legal regime, subjects and characteristics that classify it as an institute between private and public law. The paper presents a comparative analysis of the general principles of contract law, and above all civil (private) law and administrative contract. This analysis should answer the questions of the basis of the contractual obligation, ie the basic elements that create a contractual obligation. The paper presents the most important principles, as well as general elements of the contract on the one hand and basic characteristics of the administrative contract on the other, in order to better understand their legal nature, similarities and differences, especially the legal nature of the administrative contract and its place in contract law.

18

Authors: Irianto Sabar Gattang, Ferdinandus Christian, Anshar Daud

This study aims to examine and analyze the influence of work motivation, training and work discipline of the State Civil Apparatus at Civil Service Police Unit known as “Satpol PP” and Merauke District Fire Department. This study used an associative quantitative approach using saturated sample techniques so that the number of samples amounted to 106 people. Data sources use primary data and secondary data with data collection techniques through field studies and literature studies. Measurement of variables is done using the Likert scale with data analysis done by using Statistic Product and Service Solutions (SPSS). The results of the analysis shows that the motivation of the work had no influence on the performance of the State Civil Apparatus at Civil Service Police Unit and Merauke District Fire Department. Those Training effects on the work performance of the State Civil Apparatus at Civil Service Police Unit Office and Merauke District Fire Department. The Work discipline affects the performance of the State Civil Apparatus at Civil Service Police Unit and Merauke District Fire Department. The results of the determination test shows that the variables of work motivation, training and work discipline had an effect on the performance of the State Civil Apparatus at the Civil Service Police Unit and Merauke District Fire Department by 67.8% and the remaining by 32.2% were other variables that were not examined in this study.

5

Authors: Tsotne Zhghenti

The paper aims to review the digital evolution process in the Georgian economy and to evaluate potential gaps relative to other countries. Digital evolution is a multidimensional concept, therefore to underline the key sectors where the digital divide is substantial between the developed world and Georgia is essential for further, more specific research. The research’s major expected outcome serves to fill the local academic literature gap related to digital development’s role in the digital economy, therefore it can be a basis for upcoming research in this field in Georgia. This approach can be also used for other developing countries which are transforming to digital economies. It is answering the specific questions: Is there a digital gap between Georgia and other economies? And, which digital sectors are the most or least developed? Digital development is influenced by several factors. The research uses digital evolution indices to measure digital evolution in different sectors from demand conditions to institutional ecosystems.

6

Authors: Nikša Grgurević, Saša Mitrić

In all areas of society, it is necessary to actively and continuously act on unique (constitutive) rules that apply equally to all and perform non-selective and unprivileged regulation, coordination, organization and limitation of human behavior. These are institutions that can best present their functions. Economics has clearly shown how the real (and even virtual) economic reality works in principle and determined that the role of institutions in society and economy is not only necessary and unavoidable, but also a priority, as a metabasis and meta-mechanism. This paper presents a study of the impact of constitutional (political) rules, economic rules and contracts on the construction of socio-cultural capital. The aim of the research is to prove that all development models that have ignored institutions have proved unsustainable. The constitution has the role of preventing arbitrariness, ie “rule without rules”.

9

Authors: Manja Djuric Dzakic

The aim of this paper is to get acquainted with the process of integration of Bosnia and Herzegovina into the European Union. On May 26, 1999, the Commission presented a proposal to initiate the so-called Stabilization and Association Process. This was approved at the meeting of the Council of the European Union in Luxembourg on June 21, 1999. The Stabilization and Association Process was formalized at the Zagreb Summit in 2000, at which the Union reaffirmed its desire to contribute to the consolidation of democracy and to give decisive support to the process of reconciliation and cooperation between the countries of the Western Balkans. The term Western Balkans is political and is used to distinguish this group of countries from previous ones that have already established relations with the European Union. Methods of analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, abstraction, description, compilation and content analysis were used in the research. The research shows that Bosnia and Herzegovina still does not sufficiently meet the criteria relating to the stability of institutions guaranteeing democracy, the rule of law, human rights and respect for and protection of minorities, set by the Copenhagen European Council in 1993. Bosnia and Herzegovina must align its constitutional framework with European standards and ensure the functionality of its institutions in order to be able to take on the Union’s obligations. In this regard, it is necessary to reform the institutions so that they can effectively participate in decisionmaking at EU level and implement and enforce the acquis.

10

Authors: Snežana Samardžić, Spasenija Ćeranić

It is the fact that sexual deviations and delicts are present in all cultures and within all peoples during the whole history of mankind and this have always caused the attention of theoreticians in their quest for its roots. Having on mind this fact, we have analysed the family dynamics during early childhood of sexual delinquents through the search for the differences in perceived parental acceptance or rejection, family affective attachment and accepted script injunctions – in relation to healthy examinees. The research is based on sample of 42 examinees categorised in two groups: a group of sexual delinquents and a group of examinees from general population without psychological disorder diagnosis. The analyses of perceived index of parental acceptance is carried out by Rohner PAR-Q questionnaire, for the determination of affective attachment patterns we use modified Brennan questionnaire for the estimation of family affective attachment, while level and the nature of acquired script injunctions have been asnalysed by the Scale of script injunctions. The results show that there are statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding dominating patterns of family affective attachment with more dominant insecure attachment in the group of sexual offenders. Too, one of the characteristics of this group is above average exposure to the existence injunction, value injunction, Don`t be a child injunction, and health injunction, while differences regarding perceived index of parental acceptance/rejection are not statistically significant.

11

Authors: Rudolf Pástor, Gabriela Mezeiová, Anna Krivjanska

We understand circular economy as an economic system that aims to eliminate waste throughout an entire value chain – including manufacturing, production and use. Circular economy is also a way of rethinking our approach to waste and to every single stage of a products´ life cycle. Slovakia has been challenged recently to keep up with the changes the automotive industry is undergoing, including the green and digital transformation. The automotive industry producers have to accelerate innovations based on the required transition towards circular economy, an alternative to the unsustainable linear model of economy. The paper focuses on the principles of circular economy, demonstrated by the example of the Slovak automotive industry. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the current state of use of circular economy aspects in the automotive industry in Slovakia. We found out practical approaches of circular economy incorporated by Slovak automotive producers. In context of circular economy, Slovakia perceives prospective transition to automotive electrics industry, the introduction of new progressive technologies and sophisticated production.

13

Authors: Sandra Pajic Savija

The principle of separation of powers is one of the basic pillars of the rule of law, and its essence is to prevent abuse of power because the division of power does not exclude the possibility of intertwining competencies of different holders of state power. Precisely because of this, no matter in what form the division of power is realized, conflicts between different holders of power and encroachment on the competence of other holders of power are inevitable. Disputes about conflicts of jurisdiction arise under the influence of various factors, the most important of which is certainly the form of state organization, ie the degree of territorial decentralization and the way in which the division of power at the vertical level was achieved. Any form of decentralization, be it federal units, territorial autonomy or local self-government units, is necessarily a source of potential conflicts between central and non-central government. Therefore, the basic issue that arises in any form of decentralized state, and especially the federal one, is precisely the issue of the relationship between central and noncentral government. The paper pays special attention to Bosnia and Herzegovina, ie the issue of distribution of competencies as a factor of competition disputes and the role of the Constitutional Court in resolving these disputes and establishing clear boundaries between different holders of state power in the vertical.