History of science and technology

5-11

Authors: O. V. Aleksandrov

The article delivers the personal contribution of the outstanding engineer and scientist in the field of heat engineering, honorary academician V.G. Shukhov in development of boiler construction. The features of rational designs of V.G. Shukhov's boilers are shown in comparison with the boilers of other foreign systems. We also considered the main solutions to the design and construction of boilers used by V.G. Shukhov in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The influence of Shukhov's ideas on the formation and development of home boiler construction has been shown.

23-30

Authors: T. S. Kletska

This article highlights the life and work of the Kyiv outstanding physicist and educator Mikhailo Petrovich Avenarius, who made a great contribution to the development of physics education in Ukraine. Avenarius was one of the founders of Kyiv Physical-Mathematical Society. Based on archival sources, scientific publications and memoirs of his colleagues and students, the main stages of his biography have been restored and his professional career has been examined. His work at the Kyiv University of St. Vladimir has been detailed throughout 25 years, as well as his achievements as a scientist, teacher and popularizer of science.

39-52

Authors: O. Ya. Pylypchuk, O. H. Strelko

The article is devoted to the analysis and systematized generalization of the totality of scientific facts that objectively characterize various aspects of life and activities of the thirteenth Minister of Railways of the Russian Empire, Adolf Yakovych Hiubbenet. In preparing the work were used, historical, comparative and biographical methods which made it possible to systematize and critically evaluate the sources used, compare assessment results of A.Ya. Hiubbenet by various authors, to highlight the main thing in the current state of studying the topic and the results of other researchers, to give a description of previous works on this issue and clearly separate the issues haven’t been solved yet. The sources analysis allowed giving an objective assessment of the contribution made by A.Ya. Hiubbenet into projects of nation-wide significance devoted to the subordination of the railway affairs to the state control, settlement of railway tariffs, subordination of railway tariffs to government supervision, determination of the access roads state and many others. It has been shoved that being the Minister of Railways A.Ya. Hiubbenet played an important role in the Institute of the Corps of Civil Engineers established in St. Petersburg. The paper has analyzed multi-vector activity of A.Ya. Hiubbenet as Minister of Railways of the Russian Empire. Based on assessments comparison made by various researchers as for measures adopted by A.Ya. Hiubbenet to improve the waterways of the Russian Empire, his role in solving the problem on restructuring of the Mariinska water system as a large-scale nationwide project, which provided for an immediate survey of all artificial waterways of the state with a view to resolving the issue of their future use has been shown. The paper establishes that due to A.Ya. Hiubbenet, the project quickly found support and was approved in 1890 by Emperor Alexander III, thanks to which the Special Commission was created, which in 1890-1892 researched Vyshnevolotsky, Berezinsky, Ohinsky and Dnipro-Bug water systems. This allowed us to outline a number of measures to improve radically and rapidly develop the waterways of the Russian Empire. The use of the biographical method allowed considering the personality of the thirteenth Minister of Communications of the Russian Empire Adolf Yakovych Hiubbenet as an individual, which made it possible to re-evaluate his life path.

66-74

Authors: L. I. Suhoterina

This article is devoted to organizational, teaching and scientific activity of professor and general-lieutenant Andrii Nilus. A. Nilus was the first head of Serhiiv Artillery School opened in 1913 (Military academy in Odessa nowadays). In 1918 – 1919 he was the Rector of newly created Odessa Polytechnic Institute. Professor A. Nilus was a specialist in the field of artillery, specifically in history of artillery. Even now his scientific works in history of artillery haven`t lost their significance.

83-93

Authors: N. V. Ustiak

The article is devoted to the contribution of Professor M. V. Vinokurov to solving the problem of increasing technical speed of trains and improving the running qualities of railway carriage. The analyze of experimental studies of M. V. Vinokurov showed a close connection between the well-being of passengers with smoothness of motion, the magnitude of the amplitudes and the frequency of the carriage vibrations. Particular attention was paid to the brake application of the rolling stock of trains.

107-116

Authors: V. A. Yanin

The article describes the freight steam FD locomotive creation process and the participation of the designer L.S. Lebedyanskyi in the creation of that locomotive. Moreover, the article reviews the technical characteristics of the main locomotive`s parts and the process of their gradual upgrade. Furthermore, the article describes the usage of the freight steam FD locomotives on the former Soviet Union`s railways and reveals the information about the amount of those steam locomotives and the years of their creation.

127-138

Authors: V. V. Koblosh

The article reveals one of the important achievements of the national soil science in the 1930s – creation of classification and nomenclature of soils of Ukraine. With application in the study of the principles of objectivity, historicism, as well as actual historical methods (problem-chronological, personification, biographical, etc.), it was found out, new soil typology was developed based on creative developments employees Ukrainian Research Institute socialist agriculture, including Professor N.B. Vernander. In the present characterization of soil types soil formation factors, geographical factors and partly physical and chemical properties of soils are prevalent. The recommendations of scientists concerning methods of rational use and improvement of soil fertility are generalized.

149-157

Authors: V. H. Nichkaluk

On the basis of the method of the historical and scientific analysis of the works of the scientist-economist professor K. G. Vobliy and the historical-comparative method, the historical aspects of the development of the land question have been reproduced. The creative work of the scientist was reflected in the publications «The Land Issue in the Programs of Different Parties» (1917) and «On the Agricultural Issue in Russia (Thoughts and Figures)» (1917). He compared the positions of the Populist, Marxist (Social-Democratic) and Constitutional-Democratic (popular liberation) parties in resolving the land issue. The essence of the latter was to solve the scarcity of the population. It was stated that this issue had not been resolved to this day and remains relevant in the current conditions of market relations.

169-178

Authors: N. O. Patkevic

The article covers the problematic issues of protectionism and introduction of railroad protective tariffs and the problem of introducing protective railway tariffs for the development of industry and agriculture as to limiting imports of industrial goods and granting of privileges to their own producers. Also in the article the issue of creating protective barriers and changes in railway policy, as well as its reform, is being discussed.

191-200

Authors: M. M. Ponomarenko

In 2015, political economy, as a science, dates back 400 years since the emergence and the beginning of its formation, as a separate science. This is a sufficient period for making general conclusions, but these conclusions are ambiguous. Political economy, as science was formed as a result of historical development of the initial economic relations - socially divided labor, which is the subject of studying political economy. The main historical stages of the development of political economy as a science in Ukraine are revealed, the objective foundations of the existence of periods of its de actualization and new actualization, аnd a place in the system of economic sciences, the unity and difference between the subjects and methods of political economy and other components of economic theory.

210-217

Authors: M. V. Prysyazhnyuk

The history of the launch of agricultural exhibitions is explored. The list of participants of participants is analyzed, the characteristics of animals presented at exhibitions by species, age, gender, etc. are given. The list of provinces and counties that participated in them is presented. The role of agricultural exhibitions in improving livestock breeding status has been established.

228-232

Authors: I. L. Sergyeyeva

The article covers a separate stage in the scientific biography of Boris Karlovich Yenken – one of the founders of social agronomy, his contribution to the organization and building of agricultural researches, development of their directions and methods for the further development of agrarian science. The scientific work of B.K. Yenken during his work at the Kharkiv Breeding Station and his participation in the 1st All-Russian Agricultural Congress. The place and role of the scientist in the formation of contemporary theoretical and methodological foundations in social agronomy, breeding and seed production are shown.

244-256

Authors: O. V. Shadrina

The method of historical and scientific analysis highlights the contribution of the organizer of domestic research on the culture of medicinal plants, a scientist, an outstanding personality – P.I. Gavsevich. His scientific and popular scientific works were devoted to the creation in 1916 of the specialized branch research institute ‒ the plantation of medicinal plants in Lubny in the Poltava region (now – the Experimental station of medicinal plants of the Institute of Agro-ecology and Nature Management of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine). Some biographical information obtained from archival documents is given.