Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics

152-157.

Authors: Mohammad Rabiul Karim, Alamgir Kobir, Imam Hasan, Munmun Pervin, Ahmed Ibrahim Abo-Ahmed

Formaldehyde (FA), a ubiquitous environmental pollutant, has long been suspected to possess reproductive toxicity. Here, we investigated the histopathological alteration of male gonads following exposure to FA-contaminated feed (40% aqueous solution of FA; 2.5 ml formalin/kg feed) in pigeons for 7 days. The mean body weights were not changed significantly in FA-contaminated feed exposed pigeons compared with control pigeons. The hemoglobin concentration was significantly decreased and serum enzyme aspartate transaminase (AST) was significantly increased in FA-exposed pigeons in comparison with control pigeons. Histologically, the structural components of the testes are the seminiferous tubules and interstitial tissues, which are surrounded by a connective tissue capsule. In control pigeons, the size and shape of seminiferous tubules were normal with a regular arrangement of spermatogenic cells. In FA-exposed pigeons, the testicular capsule was thickened and degeneration of spermatogenic cells in the seminiferous tubules was observed. The number of spermatogenic cells was significantly decreased in the seminiferous tubules of FA-exposed pigeons in comparison with control pigeons, indicating that the low exposure of FA affects the spermatogenic cells’ populations in male birds. The present results suggested that FA might cause infertility in birds.

165-170.

Authors: Mohammad Zakerin Abedin, Laila Jarin, Md. Ataur Rahman, Rokibul Islam

This study tracks and analyses the culture results of 3615 blood samples received in Popular Diagnostic Centre, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, throughout twelve month from suspected patients with blood stream infections. The samples were prepared by exploitation machine-controlled Fluorescent-Sensor Technology by BACTEC 9120® Culture System (Becton Dickinson and Company, Sparks, USA) choosing a 5 days incubation protocol. A total of 668/3615(18.50%) BACTEC 9120® system positive samples were then sub-cultured in 7% sheep blood agar, MacConkey agar, and chocolate agar plates. A sum of 346/668 (51.8%) were infective organisms and 312/668 (46.70%) positive vial cultures were contaminants. False positivism rate was 1.5% (10/668). The mean detection time for the clinical vital isolates was 17.7 h and for all the isolates was 38.1 h. Microorganisms characterization and antibiotic sensitivity testing was done using typical ways. The majorities (342, 98.84%) of those were Gram-negative microorganisms and solely 4 (1.16%) isolates were Gram-positive pathogens. Clinically vital pathogens recouped on day one, two and three were 91.0%, 7.5% and 1.5% severally. Most of the bacterial isolates were found extremely susceptible to a number of antibiotics along with ceftriaxone (95%), ceftazidine (95%), and cefepime (96%), whereas moderately sensitive to ciprofloxacin (81%), levofloxacin (89%) and chloramphenicol (81%); whereas all bacterial isolates were found to be resistant of nalidic acid (100%). Since all our cultures were positive at intervals the primary 72 h, our data supported 5 days incubation system for the recuperation of medically vital microorganisms in BACTEC 9120® Culture System.

182-193.

Authors: Md Shafikur Rahman, Md Kamrul Hasan Sohag, Lutfur Rahman, Md Shah -E- Alam, Ujjal kumar Nath, Md. Khairul Bashar

Genetic fingerprinting of 110 rice cultivars of Bangladesh was completed with five polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers such as RM153, RM251, RM333, RM335 and RM475. The amplified DNA fragments are known as alleles from Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) reactions were separated on 2% agarose gel electrophoresis system, subsequently visualized by high performance ultraviolet transilluminator. In all, 99 distinctive alleles averaging 19.80 alleles/locus from the entire utilized microsatellite loci were counted. Several diversity indexes such as Polymorphism Information Content (PIC), heterozygosity, and cluster analysis were computed in this quantitative investigation. Superior genetic differentiation and inferior gene flow values among the cultivars were revealed from the recorded genetic diversity study of PIC, Effective allele, Shannon index (I), Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), Nei’s gene diversity (h), along with genetic differentiation-Fis and gene flow-Nm analysis. A total, 5995 varietal pairs were achieved all the way through alternative combinations of 110 rice cultivars where their Nei’s genetic distance (D) was ranged from zero to 2.832. Nei’s genetic-base an Unweight Pair Group Method of Arithmetic Means (UPGMA) diagram was assembled which eventually separated all the cultivars from each other according to their genetic distance and similarity. Thus, the finding of this study will expose such strategies to distinct all the wild relatives, cultivars and commercial varieties of rice or any other crop species having various genetic levels to facilitate further improvement and protection in future.

204-215.

Authors: Al Amin, Kamrul Hasan, Shafi Mahmud, Maria Akter, Shabnam Sabiha, Sumaiya Arabi

This investigation was carried out to observe the migration status and the feeding guild of the avian fauna including the relative diversity of Jaipurhat district of Bangladesh. Data were collected from November 2017 to October 2019. During the study period, 89 avian species were recorded that belong to 32 families under 11 orders among which 8 (8.99%) species were common winter visitors, 3 (3.37%) were common summer visitors, 8 (8.99%) were resident migratory, 1 (1.12%) were rare resident and 69 (77.53%) were resident birds. Among the birds observed in the study area during the study period the highest number of birds was found to be insectivorous (41.57%), then the carnivorous (8.99%), then omnivorous, piscivorous and picio carnivorous (7.87%), then insecto frugivorous (6.67%), then frugivorous (5.62%), then frugio graminivorous (4.49%), then nectarivorous (3.39%), then graminivorous and molluscio carnivorous (2.25%) and insecto carnivorous (1.12%). The hight avian diversity (69.662%) was observed in Mithapur which is human inhabited area with crop lands and a lot of fruit trees and the lowest (32.584%) diversity was in Shree Rampur Bill and Kastogari Bill which has large water bodies. This study will be helpful to understand the status of birds in different season in the study area.

225-232.

Authors: Tapash Kumar Bhowmik, Md. Mahbubur Rahman

Dendrobium palpebrae Lindl. an epiphytic fragrant indigenous orchid species of Bangladesh and distributed in Bangladesh, eastern Himalayas, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos and Vietnam at altitudes of 800 to 2500 meters. From in vitro growing plantlets, upper and lower part of pseudobulb segments were aseptically cultured on MS medium supplemented with auxins (IAA, IBA, NAA, Picloram) and cytokinins (BAP, Kinetin). In vitro grown pseudobulb segments both upper and lower part directly produced multiple shoot buds via organogenesis. Average highest number of MSBs (8.21 ± 0.44/segment in lower part; 6.43 ± 0.40/segment in upper part) produced on MS medium with 1.0 mg/l NAA + 2.0 mg/l BAP followed by (7.24 ± 0.41/segment in lower part; 5.96 ± 0.37/segment in upper part) MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l Picloram + 2.0 mg/l BAP. Highest individual shoot bud increased length was recorded on agar solidified MS medium with 1.0 mg/l Picloram + 1.0 mg/l BAP (3.76 ± 0.14 cm) followed by liquid MS + 0.5 mg/l NAA + 1.0 mg/l BAP (3.11 ± 0.12 cm) medium. Elongation of shoot bud was better in agar solidified media than liquid condition and MS was found better than PM. Shoot bud derived seedlings were best responses as increase in length as well as the number of roots developed on agar solidified MS with 0.5 mg/l NAA (4.82 ± 0.22 cm/shoot bud and 2.75 ± 0.17 no/shoot bud) followed by MS with 0.5 mg/l IBA supplemented medium (4.49 ± 0.12 cm/shoot bud and 2.57 ± 0.08 no/shoot bud). The plantlets were successfully transferred to outside environment by successive phases of acclimatization.

241-247.

Authors: Kazi Khalid Ibne Khalil, Md. Atiqul Islam, Khaled Mahmud Sujan, Afrina Mustari, Nazim Ahmad, Mohammad Alam Miah

Acidifier and lysozyme may have a significant impact on growth performance and body defense in broilers. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary acidifier and lysozyme on physiognomies (live body weight and body weight gain), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and selected hemato-biochemical parameters in broiler chicken. A total of 60, day old Lohman broiler chicks were collected and reared up to 28 days with timely vaccination. At day 14, the chicks were randomly divided into four equal groups: A, B, C and D (n=15). Group A was considered as non-treated control; group B was supplemented with acidifier, group C with lysozyme and group D with both acidifier and lysozyme through drinking water. Results showed that acidifier, lysozyme and combined groups had significantly higher live body weight and lower feed conversion ratio, FCR (p<0.05) compared to the control group. Total erythrocyte count (TEC), hemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume (PCV) were significantly higher (p<0.05) especially in lysozyme supplemented group. Serum lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL cholesterol) were significantly decreased in the acidifier supplemented group, whereas HDL cholesterol was increased (p<0.05). Lysozyme supplemented birds showed an increased level of total cholesterol and significant (p<0.05) decrease in triglyceride and LDL level. Combined supplementation showed almost similar results as lysozyme. Serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and creatinine concentration didn’t differ significantly upon supplementations. It is concluded that acidifier and lysozyme could be used in broiler feed for better growth performance and hemato-biochemical profile.

254-262.

Authors: Gobindo Kumar Paul, Shafi Mahmud, Kamrun Naher, Tabassum Jabin, Liton Mahmud, MD. Nazmul Haque, Md. Salah Uddin, Shahriar Zaman, Md. Abu Saleh

Since ancient times, soil bacteria play an important role on crop growth and yield by genetic transformation naturally. But the continuous use of chemical fertilizers reduces their number and proper environment for multiplication. Seed treatment with beneficial bacteria provides nutrients for the growth of crop plants. Thus, soil bacteria were isolated, their growth characteristics and effect on wheat growth were observed. The maximum growth of Isolate A and Isolate B was observed at pH 5.5, 7.0 and 33°C, 35°C respectively. Morphological characteristics indicated that Isolate A and Isolate B were gram-positive. But both bacteria were non-motile. In Biochemical test, both of them showed positive result in the methyl red test, catalase test, urea test, starch hydrolysis test, and negative in TSI (Triple Sugar Iron) test, mannitol salt test. Isolate B showed positive result in BSA, MacConkey test and EMB (Eosin Methylene Blue) test and Isolate A showed negative result in BSA (Bismuth Sulphite Agar), MacConkey test and EMB test. Besides, both of the bacteria were multi-drug resistance showing resistance to penicillin, amoxicillin, ampicillin cefuroxime, and ceftazidime.16S rRNA gene sequencing identified the isolate A and Isolate B as Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus anthracis. After 6 hours of wheat seed treatment germination percentage, fresh root and shoot weight, root and shoot dry weight, relative water content of both root and shoot, and plant growth was enhanced by Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus anthracis. Bacillus anthracis was more capable than bacillus thuringiensis for increasing germination rates, both root and shoot growth of wheat. It indicated that Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus thuringiensis mediated growth improvement of wheat is possibly originated in roots.

268-272.

Authors: Sabrina Amin, Srabasti Ghosh, Baishakhi Biswas, Md. Arifuzzaman, Md. Abul Kalam Azad, AMAM Zonaed Siddiki

Accurate identification of important plants is essential for their safety, efficacy and herbal remedies. The study was aimed to identify 4 locally available medicinal plants using DNA barcoding approach. Genomic DNA was extracted from plant samples followed by their amplification by the conventional PCR approach. Short sequence diversity of standardized specific coding gene regions of matK gene of plastid genome was used to compare and differentiate the plant species. Subsequently, all the samples were purified and sequenced successfully. A phylogenetic tree was constructed to assess their cross-species relationship. All the samples showed a high similarity rate with their homologs after blasting them in NCBI database. The phylogenetic study showed a distinguished relationship with each other. All the result indicates that DNA barcoding approach could be successfully used for reliable identification of medicinal plants and matK gene is a good candidate for this approach.