Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics

98-102.

Authors: Md. Arman Sharif, Ziaul Haque, Md. Rafiqul Islam

Soybean and Canola oil are widely consumed cooking oils all over the world. Oils and fats are harmful to health so the experiment was conducted to study the possible histo-toxicological impacts of long term dietary supplementation of Soybean and Canola oil on liver in Swiss albino mice. A total of 30 male Swiss albino mice at 6 weeks old were used in the study and inconstantly prorated into 5 equivalent groups as group A was considered as control, group B1 (25 ml so/kg pellet) and B2 (35 ml so/kg pellet) were supplemented with Soybean oil (so) and group C1 (25 ml co/kg pellet) and C2 (35 ml co/kg pellet) supplemented with Canola oil (co) respectively in addition to pellet for 60 days. After completion of study period samples (blood and liver) were collected from the mice of each group and the biochemical, gross and histopathological study was performed. The biochemical study revealed that ALT and AST values were increased significantly in Soybean and Canola oil supplemented groups comparing that of the control group. Gross study revealed that significantly higher liver weight was found in Soybean and Canola oil supplemented groups of mice than the control group. Histopathological study revealed that congested portal vein and dilated bile duct was found in the liver of Soybean oil supplemented groups of mice. There was a congested portal vein was found in the liver of Canola oil supplemented groups of mice. From the present experiment, it could be concluded that Soybean and Canola oil have histo-toxicological effects on the liver of mice.

114-119.

Authors: Mst Maiful Akter Dina, Sayeda Sultana, Mohammed Shafi Ullah Bhuiyan

Various factors like plant growth regulator combinations, explant type and explant age were examined for establishing a convenient protocol for high frequency plant regeneration of Brassica napus. Cotyledon and hypocotyl explants of B. napus cv. BARI sarisha-8 were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium fortified by different strengths of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BA), 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid (2,4-D) and α-Napthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) to determine the suitable callus induction and shoot regeneration media. MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L NAA and 3.0 mg/L BA was the best combination as regeneration medium because of showing highest frequency for both callus (80% for cotyledon and 53.33% for hypocotyl explants) and shoot initiation (73.33% for cotyledon and 40% for hypocotyl explants). Four days old cotyledon explants showed the highest (73.33%) frequency of shoot regeneration and highest shoot number to each explant (3.13) when 3-7 days old cotyledon cultured. Among the four tested genotypes of B. napus, BARI sarisha-8 showed the highest shoot regeneration frequency (73.33%) with maximum shoot number to each explant (3.13) while the lowest frequency of shoot regeneration was found in BINA sarisha-4 (46.66%) with minimum shoot number per explant (1.66). The ideal rooting medium was MS media comprised with 0.1 mg/L NAA that offered the maximum frequency (100%) of rooting. The regenerated plantlets were shifted to pot soil, acclimatized and grown until maturity in natural conditions. All plants were fertile and morphologically identical with the source plants. This protocol for high frequency regeneration of B. napus could be used for genetic

127-133.

Authors: Roushney Fatima Mukti, Md. Miraj Kobad Chowdhury, Md. Aftab Uddin

Despite the medicinal values and economic importance, honey is also a source of osmophilic fermentative yeasts. So, it can be utilized for the isolation of local fermentative yeast. Here, 1ml honey was inoculated in yeast extract peptone dextrose (YPD) broth containing 4% dextrose. After overnight incubation, the broth was streaked on an YPD agar plate to purify yeast colonies. In this study, total eight strains were isolated from seven physio-chemically defined florally diversified honey samples of Bangladesh. Microscopic morphology, plasmid profile, growth pattern and fermentative capacity of these isolates were determined. Under light microscope, these yeasts had one of three distinct shapes: ovoid, spherical, or cylindrical. The cytoplasm in young, actively reproducing cells occupied most of the interior and looked homogeneous. Two plasmids of around 3kb and 2.1 kb were common in these strains except for one. While compared with Baker’s yeast, these strains showed faster growth. Five of them were attributed to high fermentative potency. Yeast 2 showed the highest fermentative potency yielding 33.48% (v/v) ethanol. We suggest that these strains have potentialities for efficient bioethanol production to meet the increasing demand of biofuel.

140-145.

Authors: Sheikh Rashel Ahmed, Ismat Jahan Romi, Jamil Ahmed, Mahmudul Hasan, Rubel Roy, Mohammad Mehedi Hasan Khan

The aim of this study was to explore phytochemical profiling, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of four medicinal plants including Catharanthus roseus, Aegle marmelos, Moringa oleifera, and Ageratum conyzoids grown in Sylhet district, Bangladesh. In this study, total 11 phytochemicals were screened from methanol extract of four medicinal plants, wherein flavonoid, tannin, sterol, phenol were present in all four medicinal plants. In vitro, antioxidant activity of these medicinal plants extract was investigated by DPPH-radical scavenging assay. The Aegle marmelos exhibited the highest antioxidant activity followed by Moringa oleifera, Ageratum conyzoids, and Catharanthus roseus extract. Methanolic extracts of same medicinal plants were subjected to a test of their antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., Pseudomonas sp .and Salmonella sp. by agar disc diffusion method. The highest antibacterial potential was observed in the extract of Aegle marmelos against Salmonella sp. followed by Catharanthus roseus against Pseudomonas sp .with zone of inhibition of 18.67 mm, 15.0 mm, respectively. This study confirmed the efficacy of some native medicinal plants extract as potential source of phytochemicals, along with natural antioxidant and antimicrobials, which provide new possibilities to employing them against disease causing test organisms.

36-43.

Authors: Sonali Bhakta, Md Abdul Awal, Shonkor Kumar Das

The present research was designed to investigate in vivo herbal contraceptive effects on the anatomy of the testis in male Swiss albino mice (Mus musculus) and to observe that whether the herbal extracts depart any baleful effects on the genitalia or not. Swiss albino mice at age of 30 days were divided into two groups: control and treated group. From day 60, the treated group was administered orally with an aqueous extract (4.4 mg/kg body weight) prepared from the herbal plants. At day 97 (after treatment for 6 weeks) both the control and treated mice were sacrificed. Testes were collected for anatomical (gross and histomorphological) studies. Hematoxylin and Eosin staining was performed for the histo-morphological studies. In the present study, the gross anatomy of the testis were significantly (p<0.05) reduced and pale in color in treated mice in comparison to the control group. Histologically, number of seminiferous tubules, sertoli & leydig cells and amount of spermatozoa within the lumen of seminiferous tubules were decreased. Derangement of the seminiferous tubules along with the presence of a thick fibrous layer and vacuoles were found within and between the seminiferous tubules in the treated group. The aforesaid changes with a good contraception rate (75%) and devoid of any baleful effects even on the female were found, where the contraceptive pills are known to have many side effects. Considering above all, the mixture of plants seems to be effectively worked on the male gonad (testis) suggesting that the herbal extracts might be future use-worthy.

51-54. (accepted).

Authors: Dipa Roy, Md. Mahmudul Hasan, Ariful Haque

High-resolution melting (HRM) is one of the widely used methods for mutation detection. Sometimes, mutations which are rare but clinically important may not be detected. Thus, increasing sensitivity of HRM based mutation detection method is essential. This study was particularly aimed to establish HRM based mutation detection method with improved sensitivity. However, we had taken an attempt to detect the mutations in transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene by HRM analysis but we experienced poor sensitivity in mutation detection. Hence, we tried to increase the sensitivity of HRM by adding formamide and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). We used the final concentration of formamide and DMSO at 0.2% and 7%, respectively and found that formamide had better efficacy in increasing HRM sensitivity than DMSO.

65-72.

Authors: Goutam Deb, Sayeda Sultana, Mohammed Shafi Ullah Bhuiyan, Kishore Kumar Sarker, Ashrafi Sultana Papry

The experiment was conducted to develop a suitable protocol for high frequency plant regeneration of wild eggplant (Solanum sisymbriifolium) in order to produce a large number of rootstocks for tomato grafting for the management of wilt disease. To obtain in vitro seedlings of S. sisymbriifolium, seeds were treated with various concentrations of GA3 (Gibberellic acid) prior to place them in germination media (½ strength Murashige and Skoog) and 750 mg/L GA3 was found as a suitable concentration resulting the highest (76.67%) germination rate. Various factors namely combination of plant growth regulators, explant types and explant age were investigated for development of an efficient plant regeneration system of S. sisymbriifolium. Cotyledon and hypocotyl explants of S. sisymbriifolium were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with various concentrations of BA (6-Benzylaminopurine), NAA (α-Naphthalene acetic acid) and 2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid), to determine suitable medium for callus and shoot initiation. Fourteen days old cotyledon explants were found more responsive than that of hypocotyl, both in callus and shoot induction. The highest callus initiation (100%) and shoot regeneration (73.33%) were observed in MS media supplemented with 0.5 mg/L NAA + 1.0 mg/L BA and 0.2 mg/L NAA + 3.0 mg/L BA, respectively. MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L NAA showed the highest frequency (86.67%) of rooting. The regenerated plantlets were acclimatized in pot soil and eventually used as rootstock for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. BARI hybrid 4) grafting. The grafted plants showed no wilt disease in field condition until maturity.

78-86.

Authors: Gitika Khan, Nahid Akter, Md. Dabir Uddin, S M Rakib-Uz-Zaman

Diarrhea is one of the major determinants of childhood mortality in the world. This study was aimed to provide a demographically representative description on the influence of socio-demographic factors e.g. caretakers’ education, occupation, family income and living standard on the diarrheal disease management approaches taken by the slum dwellers and middle class families of Bangladesh. We have visited 90 middle class families and 120 slum dwellers to obtain information. Children of slum dwellers are more likely to be affected by diarrhea. In both classes, significantly more females were affected by diarrhea than males. This scenario is even more prominent among slum dwellers, where 1.5 times more females were affected by diarrhea than their male counterparts. As a primary approach to manage diarrhea, 63.8% caretakers chose Oral rehydration solution (ORS) whereas 31.5% preferred the salt-molasses fluid. All caretakers knew the use of ORS and antibiotics as a preventive measure against diarrhea. However, this scenario dramatically turned when the caretakers were asked whether they know how to prepare ORS. All the caretakers (100%) in middle class families knew how to prepare ORS in contrast to only 25% caretakers among the slum dwellers. Private sectors specially pharmacies were often the first line of health care in both of these classes during diarrhea. But this is most prevalent among the middle class families (50%), compared to the slum dwellers (35%). Finally, it is apparent that the education, family income, living standard and good food help the middle class families to fight diarrhea more efficiently and scientifically than the slum dwellers.

01-03.

Authors: Vo Truong Nhu Ngoc and Dinh-Toi Chu

Obesity and overweight are considered as one of the top health problem worldwide, obesity may induce both physical and mental health consequences. Obesity and overweight is regulated by both genetics and environmental factors which can control the balance between the lipid accumulation and energy expenditure, thus several bio-functional markers of adipose tissues involve in the regulation of obesity, and obesity is also regulated by developmental age and nutrition.

10-16.

Authors: Md. Mizanur Rahman, Kumar Jyotirmoy Roy, Mst. Khudishta Aktar, Md. Rafiqul Islam, Md. Abdul Kafi

An in vitro virus infectivity assay based on the newly introduced spectrochemical method was performed using Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) virus infected Vero cell line as a model infection. Herein, the mitochondrial reductase enzyme activity was monitored using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reagent as a substrate which was reduced to a insoluble formazan products. The purple to darker color was achieved upon hydrolysis of the insoluble formazan with DMSO solution. The absorbance (OD values) of colored solution was measured by spectrophotometer at a wave length of 570nm. The infectivity/viability data were achieved from the OD values of different doses of virus infected or non-infected cells using the standard formulae. The OD values obtained from spectrochemical assay were compared with traditional Plaque assay and validated with Trypan blue assay. The data obtained from spectrochemical analysis showed similar trend as was achieved with traditional methods with a little variation in the sensitivity. The sensitivity variations are obvious due to the marked differences in the measurement unit and detection methods. However the newly introduced spectrochemical method showed superiority over the traditional methods because of its simple, label free, less time consuming measurement method and its suitability in the monitoring of large number samples.

23-30.

Authors: Madhusmita Ghana and Pratyush Kumar Das

Japanese encephalitis is a viral disease affecting humans, mostly the children and is a major concern to public health. The single stranded flavivirus is mainly transmitted by mosquitoes of the Culex genus and causes neurological disorders with high fatality. The virus is well amplified in animals like pigs (swine) that act as a host. Close proximity of the domesticated pigs to human settlements increases the risk of human infection. The animal to human zoonoses of this antigen is occurred through the mosquitoes bite. Recent developments have led to discovery of various vaccines for the treatment of the disease. This review discusses various aspects of the Japanese encephalitis disease with their transmission, pathogenesis and diagnostic strategies. Moreover it highlights the importance of prevention of transmission of the disease over its cure by proposing a hypothetical kit design model to detect presence of the Japanese encephalitis antigen in the swine populations. This detection process may help to detect infected animals and thus help to keep such animals away from the human settlements so as to prevent transmission as well as outbreak of the disease. This may further help to create a disease free environment, thus saving many lives.