Ukrainian Society

8-18

Authors: Bova A. A., Belenok O. A.

The paper presents some results of the sociological survey “The Everyday Life of Student Youth”, conducted by the authors in the 2nd quarter of 2015 among the students of 4 Kyiv universities: the National Technical University of Ukraine “Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts, National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. The sample size was 422 students (44,4% males and 55,6% females). 20,6% of respondents live in Kyiv since birth, 4,5% – most of their life, 1,7% – for 6–10 years, 49,5% – for 1–5 years, 16,5% – less than one year. 7,2% of respondents reside outside Kyiv at the moment. The study focuses on the everyday activities of students in terms of time (self-evaluation). The paper is aimed at defining distribution of the daily time to various activities and some factors influencing this distribution. The authors used time budgeting method. The respondents were asked to retrospectively identify how much time they usually spend every day on one activity or another. The data analysis is based on the method of nonparametric statistics. The paper provides descriptive characteristics of time budget for 20 daily activities. According to the obtained data, the most popular activity among Kyiv students is surfing the Internet, communication with friends and preparing for tests and exams. The authors have revealed correlations between different types of time-consuming activities. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to identify differences in the distribution of time budgets among certain socio-demographic and socio-economic groups. The test showed, in particular, that males and females allocate their time (to one activity or another) differently. The same is true for respondents of different residential status (measured by time respondent lives in Kyiv) and different financial statues. The obtained sociological information can be useful for teachers, economists, urbanists, and, those who are engaged in leisure and entertainment industry, time management, and others.

25-40

Authors: Pankova O. V., Kasperovych O. Yu., Ishchenko O. V.

The article dwells upon the systematization of the experience; determination of the voluntary movement specific establishment and functioning in Ukraine at the present stage; analysis of the main factors affecting the status and dynamics of its social resources (particularly, in the context of motivation and demotivation for volunteer activity), and determination of the main problems and prospects for further development of national volunteerism. The events of the Revolution of Dignity and military aggression in the East of the country revealed that Ukrainian structures of government have shown poor performance in many areas, and in some cases – even failure to resolve urgent problems facing the country, regions and citizens. In terms of inefficiency of government institutions and the acute shortage of resources – human, labor, economic, financial, personal, etc. – the problem of mobilizing internal resources of the country and its regions for self-defense and social security has become quite actual. A rapid development of volunteer activities in Ukraine has been a bright manifestation of the mobilization and involvement of social resources, civic engagement and constructive self-organization aimed at the solution of acute problems of modernity. Volunteer activities in Ukraine at the present stage are characterized by a significant number of non-standard global practices of volunteering activities (in particular, in the military sphere), and sometimes generate not only the system of assistance to persons and entities that require it, but also the parallel system of development and implementation of solutions aimed at more efficient performance of the functions of relevant government agencies, primarily in the military sphere. Specific feature of the Ukrainian volunteer movement is also a kind of “forced” one as a result of ineffective state institutions functioning and state’s limited resources, as well as a very high level of initiative and independence of voluntary agencies. The analysis of volunteer structures show great potential for strengthening and expanding their participation in solving the thorniest problems Ukrainian government and the public are facing. Acquired experience of the civil self-organization and mobilization by the volunteer organizations and movements is extremely valuable from the point of view of civil society development in Ukraine. Its research and mechanisms development should become one of the main tasks for scholars and representatives of public administration.

48-60

Authors: Bodnarchuk T. L.

The article dwells upon the research of the protectionist measures role in the development of industrial and trade class as the basis of enterprise formation on the Ukrainian territory in 19th – early 20th. Author described conditions of formation and features of industrial and commercial class in Ukraine in the early 19th century. It was found that numerically insignificant class of industrial and commercial bourgeoisie enjoyed the highest patronage from the government, which was the impetus for business and acted as a factor for strengthening economic and political dependence on government. Paper reveals the mechanism of state influence on the development of industrial and commercial areas and class of entrepreneurs through the prism of its instruments of customs and trade policies (export and import taxes, the system of customs taxes and charges, international treaty policy) and the so-called “internal” protection (adoption of industrial and trade legislation, implementation of fiscal, financial and compensation policies, development of industrial and commercial infrastructure, etc.). Author systematized methods of government protectionism and found most significant ones for the development of the business class, which turned to be instruments of tax incentives, trade and legal privileges, export subsidies, expansion of industrial and commercial entrepreneurs’ rights, and also those ones that created preferential conditions only for individual financial and business groups, including industrial subsidies, public procurement, financial and credit mechanisms and so on. The estimation was done on the structural changes in the business class under the influence of protectionism in the end of 19th – early 20th century. It was established that, on the one hand, the policy measures of state support significantly increased the number of entrepreneurs in the Ukrainian region, as evidenced by the volume of trade documents, on the other hand – the effects of protectionism included the monopolization of trade and industrial rights of individual socio-economic groups and restructuring of class entrepreneurs aimed at reduction of the peasant entrepreneurs’ role (on social grounds) and the gradual displacement of industrial and commercial centers of Ukrainian businessmen with the given preference to those who came from Russian regions (on a national basis).

71-79

Authors: Kudlasevych O. M.

The article describes important directions of state regulation of entrepreneurial development, in particular, the policy of antimonopoly regulation in the reflection of Ukrainian economists of the late 19th – early 20th century. Paper reflects the pattern of social economic development during specified period presented in the economic literature. A special place is given to a comprehensive analysis of the monopoly structures impact in the economic life of the society presented in the writings of M. Tugan-Baranovsky, V. Zheleznov, D. Pikhno, M. Dovnar-Zapolsky, P. Struve, L. Fedorovych and others. After analyzing the problem of monopoly activities state regulation in the reflection of Ukrainian scientists-economists of the late 19th – early 20th century. It is established that in their writings, the representatives of the Ukrainian economic thought explored only some of the negative manifestations of monopolies, namely those that were pronounced by antisocial nature (limit the production, which had to increase the price of goods, the ability to exert pressure on the government and the unions, etc). Author analyzed the degree of theoretical developments scientific rigour in the Ukrainian economic thought on the most important directions of entrepreneurship development state regulation, namely policy antitrust regulation. It was determined that while considering the monopolization issue, Ukrainian scientists do not always pay enough attention to the problem of inequality in income distribution, social differentiation of society and the aggravation of contradictions of a market economy. Author proves that the study of Ukrainian economists holds some sketchiness and simplification in the interpretation of certain issues. This is mainly due to the fact that scientists have studied the developing phenomenon. A positive achievement of the scientists is that they have noticed the problem and tried to solve it, based on the development level of the contemporary science.

88-96

Authors: Poliusevych I. G.

The thought of economic Ukrainian foreign is a valuable stratum both for the world as well as for Ukrainian economic theory and the works of its representatives, which is essentially complementary theoretical and practical research of economy. Today, the study of heritage economist’s immigrants greatly enriches modern Ukrainian history economics. It is not only the diversity of their works, but also the intellectual potential of foreign scientists. The works of economist’s Ukrainian diaspora of 20th century is unsearchable large selection of information. Modern Ukrainian scientists are increasingly turning to the analysis of scientific heritage immigrants, but the object of their research is mainly political, social and historical issues. In recent years economic issues were the subject of the research studies of the Ukrainian diaspora. Therefore, methodological problems of studying Ukrainian economic thought, including foreign, were studied by P. Leonenko, S. Stepanenko, A. Halchinskiy; analysis of certain areas of economic science in the development of the Ukrainian diaspora were discussed by S. Zlupko, R. Vasil`eva, L. Gorkin, M. Chumachenko A. Demkivskyy, A. Werbowy, Y. Timchenko, etc. The issues of colonial character of the Ukrainian economy were covered in the works of B. Sikora and others. Comprehensive study of Ukrainian heritage study abroad indicates that domestic science has a gradually increasing interest in the works of Ukrainian representatives abroad. However, in general, scientists continue to study only certain aspects in the writings of Ukrainian foreign economists. It should be emphasized that these works do not exhaust the array of developments, which exist today, but they are only a part of many more that also deserve scientific attention.

105-119

Authors: Balakireva O. M., Dmytruk D. A.

The results of the monitoring reflect the dynamics of changes in religious self-identification of the Ukrainian population in 1999–2015. Based on the merged data for 2015, authors present main socio-demographic characteristics of different population groups, selected based on their religious self-identification.