Ukrainian Society

20-31

Authors: Bovgyria I. V.

While a number of current studies of religion are based on the religiosity dimension approach, in most cases, this approach is used only as a structural base for choosing an investigation level. At the same time, multidimensional approach can help us understand which combinations of religious manifestations are associated with self-identification as a religious person. The article presents analysis of empirical data with the aim to evaluate how various religiosity dimensions are related to identifying oneself as religious or non-religious and to investigate respective correlation differences in terms of direction and intensity in societies of Eastern Europe. It presents a comparative analysis of EVS survey results from 19 countries of Eastern Europe. It shows that, while all of the countries within the region have statistically significant positive correlations between religiosity dimensions and considering oneself (non)religious; correlation strengths differ so significantly that it is difficult to claim about unified pattern across all Eastern European societies. Comparative analysis of archived results allows to identify several clusters of countries within the region with common patterns in intensity of correlation between religiosity dimensions and considering oneself (non)religious. The differences in correlation profiles might be caused by historical and cultural background of the counties, their denominational structure and share of persons who consider one selves religious, character of cultural concept of ‘a religious person’ and linkage of religious identification with other identities in society.

45-59

Authors: Folomieiev M. A., Yatsura K. H., Kryzhanivska V. I., Zhovnir A. O., Trempolets D. M.

The article dwells upon the review of the theoretical and conceptual bases of e-learning implementation analysis in Ukrainian universities, which acquires relevance in conditions of impetuous development of information and communication technologies. An intensification of informatization, digitalization and individualization trends of the educational process actualize the need to study the readiness of higher educational institutions to use and popularize electronic educational resources, methods and technologies. Ukrainian universities start to follow the e-learning strategy considering these trends. However, they are at different levels of implementation, which is the subject of the further research. Accordingly, the purpose of the article was to identify the implementation degree of e-learning elements in Ukrainian higher educational institutions (universities, academies, institutes), what was realized through conducting the content analysis of the information that was published on the official universities’ websites. The theoretical and methodological foundations of the study of e-learning and analysis of the institutional degree and its introduction in Ukraine were considered in the first part of the article. The article expounds a phased description of the chosen methodology and the barriers faced by the research group in the study of the declared problems. The justification of the criteria that served as the basis for the classification of Ukrainian universities was given a particular attention. General indicators for an independent assessment were developed that allowed us to avoid a subjectivity, predictable assessment and to identify the real situation of readiness of Ukrainian universities to introduce distance learning elements. According to study results, the classification of Ukrainian universities by the implementation degree of e-learning was developed: 1) universities which follow the traditional model of education; 2) universities that combine traditional education with e-learning elements or fragmentary web-provision of an educational process; 3) universities that use web-communication support of the educational process or experimental form of e-learning; 4) universities that have an all-sufficient form of e-learning.

74-83

Authors: Holubka S. M., Holubka M. M.

The article dwells upon preconditions (political, institutional, economical) for establishment of the economic and commercial schools in the Western Ukrainian territories of 1848–1939. The schools aimed at development of the people’s economic knowledge in the relevant area; and they were not only the centers providing the respective educational services, but also cultural and educational bases of the united Ukrainian society. One of the main organizational principles was the territorial location – aiming at maximizing public involvement in education in order to reach the population as much as possible through educational services providing basic economic knowledge. The economic schools in the Western Ukrainian territories of 1848–1939 were classified by their specialization: 1) agricultural schools (tillage, gardening etc.) – they focused on formation of financial relation skills in the agriculture; 2) industrial schools, which targeted at formation of practical skills for work in railway shops, developing oil and distillery industry; 3) commercial (merchant) schools aimed at formation of the skills to sell and resell products (usually, the agricultural products that constituted the largest portion of the manufactured products); 4) art schools (construction, carpentry, painting, drawing and design etc.) the purpose of which was to educate the experts in various crafts; 5) universal (combined) schools – urban or rural economic schools or departments in the usual schools targeted at raising the economic literacy of the population, understanding the basics of cooperation, acquiring basic knowledge of recordkeeping, bookkeeping, fundamentals of banking. Authors clarified that the necessity of the professional educational institutions network was due to the introduction of “educational qualification” for traders by the Merchant Congregation. Despite their private nature, funding was largely carried out by cooperatives and at the expense of patronage. The authors described the peculiarities of the trade schools activity with its main functional purpose and applied aspects with the support of leading public-oriented societies focused on propaganda, in particular, the idea of cooperation. The research is focused on the efforts taken to support and initiate the establishment of commercial schools by Prosvita, Inspection Union of Agricultural Co-Operatives and other leading institutions of the Western Ukraine.

99-113

Authors: Tsyba R. P.

The article outlines a number of large-scale and priority tasks faced by the Ukrainian economy and society today that not only necessitate search of the financial resources for their implementation, but also require reconstruction of the state financial system as such. It is substantiated that the fiscal stability achievements based on consolidation of the state finance, improvement of efficiency of the budget preparation and fulfillment, determination of the priority directions and development of the relevant mechanisms of expense coverage, changes in the fiscal system of Ukraine based on the UNO-approved Sustainable Development Goals and Accountability Framework for the Post-2015 Development Agenda combines the problems and the means of their resolution. Focusing on the key points of the home historical experience, in particular, the advantages and disadvantages associated with the forms and methods of financial management in the Soviet economy of 1930-1960’ the use of which has made it possible to resolve the strategic problems of development of the industrial technological fundamentals, victory in the World War II and country restoration the after the war may contribute to the success. It is determined that in the conditions of the statehood nature change, the formation of the centralized management system, the state finance should have become the means of accumulation and redistribution of the economic resources in the first place. It is specified that the taxes had been the tool to collect the monetary funds for the needs of the country as the form of implementation of the proletarian dictatorship, as well as the means of class struggle and socialistic transformation of the society, in other words, it is a consolidation of the new socialistic relations. The state expenses had been the form of financial support of the socialized national economy sector development. The article describes transformation of the fundamental categories contents of the financial theory in the period of the administrative-command management system establishment generally reflected in the politico-economic definition of the state budget as the plan of the state expenses and revenues aggregating the annual development prospects of the separate branches of the national economy, encompassing all of the resources gained by the country. The attention is devoted to the additional means of attraction of the people’s savings for the economic development needs that should have been the state loan. The summary reinforces that the entire system of financial relations had been governed by the single goal of revolutionary reconstruction of the country as well as the implementation of the socio-economic transformations.

133-139

Authors: Savelyev Yu. B.

The author analyzes results of the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU, Shanghai Rating) for 2017 in the context of the prospects of Ukrainian sociology, higher education and scientific research. The necessary conditions and specific actions are determined for increasing the competitiveness of science and education in the modern global world. Based on the example of a post-soviet university, it has been demonstrated that a successful project of establishing a center for social research of a world level can be realized in 7-10 year time period in Ukraine. Article suggests recommendations on redistribution and concentration of available resources in research universities on institutional support and the introduction of clear and effective rules that would motivate Ukrainian scholars and lecturers.