ABC Journal of Advanced Research

15-22

Authors: Basharat Hussain; Waheed Chaudhry; Ali Askar

The idea of dealing with offenders in the community rather than sending them to prison has a long history. We have moved far away from the pre-eighteenth century era where punishment meant punishing the body to the eighteenth and nineteenth century where offenders were segregated from their communities often putting them into prisons, which is still one of the dominant forms of punishment in the present days. From late nineteenth century until now, we can observe a move towards punishing and controlling offenders in the community. Basically, the community penalties started its journey as providing ‘alternative to custody’ measures aimed at the welfare and therapy of offenders outside the prison walls. This rationale provided base for the sentencing practices for quite a long time. However, during 1970s, this rational came under attack from some research evidences suggesting that rehabilitation programmes are ineffective in reducing offending. This paper highlights a brief history of the main community penalties in Britain. It specifically focuses on the reason for a change in approaches of community penalties from providing ‘alternative to punishment’ to offering ‘punishment in the community’.

32-41

Authors: Md. Hasebur Rahman

Henry Fayol and Frederick Winslow Taylor made outstanding contribution to development of management thought. Fayol wrote as a practical man of business reflecting on his long managerial career and setting drown the principles he had observed. He clearly specified the functions of management by a systematic analysis of management process. This isolation and analysis of management as a separate discipline was his original contribution to the body of management theory. He was father of management principles many of which have stood the test of time. Frederick W. Taylor was a pioneer who propounded principles of Scientific Management. Taylor worked in different capacities in steel industry saw the urgent necessity for elimination of wastage rampant in industrial organization. He observed that the only way to attract wastage and achieve efficiency to apply method of science to the field of management. They both applied scientific methods to the problems of management. Their work was essentially complementary; different in their approach was merely reflection of their different careers. If we call Taylor the “Father of Scientific Management”, it would be fair to describe Fayol as the “Father of Management”.

50-56

Authors: Md. Sajedur Rahman; Md. Shajedul Islam

The general aim of this study is to evaluate and measure the effectiveness of recruitment and selection and its impact on service delivery amongst staff within the Development of Human Resource Policy. Research has shown that motivated and satisfied employees are more productive and that there is an improvement on service delivery. Factors, which influence employee motivation, are inter alia as efficient recruitment and selection methods, achievement, advancement, being treated with respect and personal growth and development. It is suggested that a possible way to succeed with recruitment and selection would be to gain their full co-operation with the aims and goals of the national objectives and the objectives of the department, to achieve, maintain and enhance the service delivery of staff, who are also potential future leaders in the organization. This should be coupled to a commitment to excellence and efficiency in the organization in general.

16-27

Authors: Taposh Kumar Neogy

The study mainly evaluates the financial condition of Private Commercial Banks in Bangladesh during the years from 2004 to 2008. The Sample banks have been able to earn profit and the percentage of net profit is satisfactory during the study period. Return on total assets ratio and return on equity ratio of the sample banks are also satisfactory during the period under study. The financial condition of the sample banks is satisfactory during the period under study.

35-46

Authors: Neriman Ozada, Seyed Saeed Madani

The objective of the work carried out in this research was to develop analytical and computational tools to model and investigate musculoskeletal human joints. It was recognised that the FEA was used by many researchers in modelling human musculoskeletal motion, loading and stresses. However the continuum mechanics played only a minor role in determining the articular joint motion, and its value was questionable. This is firstly due to the computational cost and secondly due to its impracticality for this application. On the other hand, there isn’t any suitable software for precise articular joint motion analysis to deal with the local joint stresses or non standard joints. The main requirement in orthopaedics field is to develop a modeller software (and its associated theories) to model anatomic joint as it is, without any simplification with respect to joint surface morphology and material roperties of surrounding tissues. So that the proposed modeller can be used for evaluating and diagnosing different joint abnormalities but furthermore form the basis for performing implant insertion and analysis of the artificial joints. The work which is presented in this research is a new frame work and has been developed for human anatomic joint analysis which describes the joint in terms of its surface geometry and surrounding musculoskeletal tissues. In achieving such a framework several contributions were made to the 6DOF linear and nonlinear joint modelling, the mathematical definition of joint stiffness, tissue path finding and wrapping and the contact with collision analysis. In 6DOF linear joint modelling, the contribution is the development of joint stiffness and damping matrices. This modelling approach is suitable for the linear range of tissue stiffness and damping properties. This is the first of its kind and it gives a firm analytical basis for investigating joints with surrounding tissue and the cartilage. The 6DOF nonlinear joint modelling is a new scheme which is described for modelling the motion of multi bodies joined by non-linear stiffness and contact elements. The proposed method requires no matrix assembly for the stiffness and damping elements or mass elements. The novelty in the nonlinear modelling, relates to the overall algorithmic approach and handling local non-linearity by procedural means.

60-69

Authors: Md. Asraful Alam; & Md. Motaharul Islam

Bangladesh is a land of opportunity. The individual has the opportunity to obtain an education, to select his occupation, and to make progress in his chosen work. Bangladesh is a country where many people are working. More than one of every ten persons in our nation is employed. While opportunities for employment are almost unlimited, the happiest workers are those who have learned a trade or a profession, who are successful in working with others and who are efficient producers. Each worker who strives to do his best gains much personal satisfaction from his employment helps produce goods and services at reasonable prices and contributes to the welfare of his community and his nation.