Asian Journal of Humanity, Art and Literature

9-14

Authors: Goutam Karmakar

As the centuries passed by, the galaxy of Indian English Poetry become increasingly crowded. But the scenario was not like this during the early years. It is because only a few stars shine there, and Nissim Ezekiel is the pole star. His poetry contains so many aspects, themes, motives and symbols that sharpen and shape his poetic world. His poetry often shows irony, emotion, love, man-woman relationship, self- consciousness, a sense of discipline and self – criticism. He shows his concern for both modern and urban art and culture with the touch of Indian ethos and local colour. But as an Indian poet, he shows his thinking about God and religion in a vivid way. He also shows his changing view towards God and Indian theology in his poems. In this paper, I have tried to show Ezekiel’s religious outlook and aspects through some of his verses.

24-28

Authors: Adejumo Gbadebo Olubunmi, Maryam Tar

There is now clearer recognition that, in a country as culturally and linguistically diverse as Nigeria, specific attention must be paid to the mental readiness of learners especially in acquiring language different from their first language or lingua franca such as French language. Vocabulary acquisition is part of the psychology of foreign language learning that has received short shrift from applied linguistics, and has been very largely neglected by recent developments in research. This study therefore examined the impact of psychological well-being on the vocabulary acquisition level of Nigerian adolescents learning French language in rural settings. Survey research design was adopted in this study. Sixty eight students from fourteen secondary schools were randomly selected for this study with age range 15 to 18 years. They were made up of 38 males representing 52.9% and 30 females representing 47.1%. Out of this sample 42% were in SS1, 36% in SS2 and 22% in SS3. All these students had French language as one of subjects they were taking in school. These schools were located in rural areas in Ogun and Oyo states, Southwest Nigeria. A questionnaire was developed to measure students’ psychological well being while cloze test was used to measure vocabulary acquisition level. The two instruments yielded 0.78, and 0.76 test-retest reliability respectively with 0, 64 Cronbach Alpha for Psychological well being measure and 0.66 for cloze test. The findings revealed low level of performance in the five subscales of Psychological Well being Measure, self-acceptance, quality ties to other, autonomy in thought and action, the ability to manage complex environments to suit personal needs and values, the pursuit of meaningful goals and a sense of purpose in life and continued growth and development as a person. The study equally reported low level of vocabulary acquisition of French language across all the levels. A significant impact of psychological wellbeing on the vocabulary acquisition of French language was found at r=0.62, adj r2=0.59 and f(1,66)= 48.26, p<0.05. It was concluded that improved psychological wellbeing will definitely leads to high level of vocabulary acquisition of French language among students even in rural areas. It was recommended that health-promoting factors for maintaining good health should be strengthened in learners for positive learning outcomes.

34-38

Authors: Andrea Carmeli O. Abulencia

This paper sought to reveal insights into how Haruki Murakami’s After Dark is reflective of the isolation currently being experienced by Japanese society today. The writer analyzed and consolidated the author’s writing style and explored the prominence of the theme of isolation on the novel’s protagonist. This was achieved using a formalist approach to the story, sticking only to what the text has to offer and give evidence for. The paper found that the expression of a society’s culture can be seen in how they depict themselves for others to read and understand them, especially in analyzing the character of Mari.

137-149

Authors: Mulatu Dea Lerra

Evidently, the implementation of a DL system does not ensure a high-quality education. The purpose of this study is to explore the dynamics and challenges of distance education at Private Higher Institutions in South Ethiopia. In a given study, a representative sample of tutors and academic program leaders selected through simple random and stratified sampling techniques. Questionnaires and interview were instrumental for data collection. The finding revealed that, the number of learners in a class during tutorial programs is not to the standard, the tutors’ are responsible for one to two courses at a time and the remainder for more than two courses, assignments were too difficult for the ability of the students on the courses some learners do not receive modules before tutorial sessions and, consequently, some were forced to share modules, modules were not given long enough in advance of the actual tutorial sessions less commitment of stakeholders to realize the DL program. It is recommended that, Intensification distance education units at the institution and ensuring that students have a suitable educational background when they join to the specific program would make distance education efficient. In addition to this, it is good to try to make the system more flexible and use different information and communication technologies to support distance education.

155-162

Authors: Muhammad Adeel Kamran, Tahira Shamshad

The study conducted in arid areas of Dera Ghazi Khan occasionally affected by hill torrents (Suri-Lund, Vidore, Sakhi-Sarwar, Mithawan) coming from Koh-e-Suleman range. The study found that hill torrent water is used for agriculture, domestic and livestock. The management of this water significantly affects on income, crop yield, soil fertility, health conditions and living standard of farmers. The local cost effective methods to store this water include wah, dubba and bundh but most of water is wasted as they are insufficient. The water distribution mechanism fosters cooperation and helps to form new relations with co-farmers. The study suggested that government and NGOs should help people to construct concrete diversions, bundhs, ponds and dams to manage hill torrent water.

169-185

Authors: W.Z. Sadomba, Lizzy Zinyemba

This study sought to investigate factors that affect caregiver compliance to professional health advice with reference to children. An anthropological approach was used and clients were observed from mainstream health facilities to their homes to analyze the broader social structures, in familial settings, that influence decision making and final practices of the caregiver who visits the health centres. The study revealed a more complex pattern with a sophisticated cultural structure of caregivers who control and make decisions other than the person who visits the facility. Often this structure is unknown to mainstream health professionals with consequences on efficacy. In addition to the social structures is a powerful belief system that conditions the caregiver. This significantly compromises the advice by mainstream health professionals in a dual health care delivery system as Zimbabwe's. The study recommends that to improve on caregiver compliance mainstream health professionals need to know and engage this other invisible caregiver structure.

71-76

Authors: Mouloud SIBER, Bouteldja RICHE

Borrowing concepts from Edward Said’s Orientalism (1978), this article argues that Rudyard Kipling holds the same views on native rule in India as Alexandre Dumas does on Algerian structures of government. Both regard native rule as a paradigm of ‘Oriental despotism,’ which Orientalist scholars attribute to Oriental structures of power. Dumas asserts that Algerians owe their ‘misgovernment’ to the political influence of their late Turkish conqueror. Kipling contrasts native ‘misrule’ with enlightened British rule in order to legitimate British encroachment in India. Besides, both agree that native misgovernment fosters the spread of corruption and violence among their subjects.

84-96

Authors: Yasmeen Gul

Social networking websites are: face book, twitter, beebo, orkut etc. The fact is that this technological advancement is changing the urban sociology drastically. Its effects range from personal friendships to political movements. The demonstrations in Iran were mainly organised through face book and twitter. They had a major role in the overthrow of Tunisian president. There are wide spread protests in Egypt also. People of Egypt were demanding the end of Hosni Mubarak's regime and Egyptian government has banned both face book and twitter because people were demanding that president Hosni Mubarak should resign. These websites don't start any movement but people who start movements use them to contact public. Previously it was difficult to arrange demonstrations and political parties had to announce in advance, which gave the government the chance to put a ban or just block the area where demonstration was to be held but now what they do is they just announce it one hour before the actual time and the government has no time to control it, that is why these websites have made political demonstrations more effective. On the personal level they have made it easier to maintain contact with your friends but the level of close friendships is reduced. Previously we used to have few friends and one or two were very close friends but now we have hundreds of friends but no one is close. Besides dedicating more time to online activities means we have less time to actually go out and meet friends. This phenomenon is very common in the developed world. It is a major change and we still don't know where this change is leading. The other aspect of technological advancement is that now knowledge is not restricted. Everybody and anybody can learn whatever they want all they need is an internet connection. The fact is nobody can close the internet. So internet in effect is the new super power in the world. America is not the super power internet is because America cannot close the internet but internet can close America.

118-135

Authors: Wondwosen Mitiku, Yitayal Alemu, Semahegn Mengsitu

This study is conducted in order to assess the challenges and opportunities to implement inclusive education in selected primary schools of North GondarZone. In order to attain the objectives of the study, related literatures on international policies and concepts of inclusive education was reviewed in detail. Concerning the significance of the study it is expected that it will highlight those concerned individuals on the existing situation prevailing in connection with the problem under study and devise mechanisms for addressing the observed situation. The study used descriptive survey as a research design to explain the current trends existing in the study area. . As to the samples considered for the study, because there are only two schools it appeared manageable to take them as they are. In regards to participants of the study seventy one participants, namely 4 from the school's principals, 16 from the professional teachers in special needs, and 51 students with different disabilities were involved as sample participants. These samples were taken by using systematic random sampling to give fair and equal chance of selection. With regard to data gathering instrument, questionnaire, structured interview and observation were used to collect data from the participants. The finding roughly show that even though there are some opportunities that support inclusive education it cannot be taken as a guaranty due to lack of awareness, commitment, and collaboration. And there are real challenges that hinder the full implementation of inclusive education. Generally it can be conclude that the challenges outweigh the opportunity on the full implementation of inclusive education and there should be strong collaboration among stakeholders, NGOs, and the concerned bodies in order to realize the journey towards inclusive education.

9-17

Authors: Abu Md. Abdullah, & Maksuda Hossain

This paper presents the alarming issue of brain drain with the causes that are responsible for the migration of academics, doctors and engineers from Bangladesh to developed countries. Bangladesh being one of the least developed countries needs its talents to stay to contribute to the development. But majority of these highly skilled immigrants do not come back after completing their study or training and start living in the foreign countries. Lack of opportunity, higher standard and insecurity are some reasons behind their immigrations. After exploring the causes, the paper also examines the suffering of Bangladesh in want of native talent. Some real life cases have been obtained through interview which are analyzed and presented through charts. The suffering goes bigger in the health sector, education and science and technology. The loss of Bangladesh and ways to reduce this is the key concern of this research. Keywords: Brain Drain; Migration; Bangladesh

30-40

Authors: Peer Ghulam Nabi, & Muhammad Ammad Khan

Kashmir, once known for its mesmerizing beauty, peace and tolerance in the world, has now been seen as a bloody conflict zone, since 1989. Over the years, numbers of Confidence Building Measures (CBMs) were taken by India and Pakistan, but all the initiatives fail to bring long-term peace in the region. This paper examines two questions: why Kashmiris chose to go for armed struggle against India and why peace building initiatives lead by India and Pakistan failed to bring long term peace in the region? The study will further try to analyze the interests of the different stakeholders in order to find a peaceful, acceptable, and achievable solution to the conflict region. On the basis of Stakeholder Analysis the paper argues that India and Pakistan need to go beyond existing non-engagement and occasional bilateral policy of negotiation to trilateral negotiation by engaging Kashmiri political leadership to get the win-win, peaceful resolution of the conflict. The absence of Kashmiris in any negotiation process will not bring long lasting solution to the region. Keywords: Kashmir conflict, India, Pakistan, Insurgency, Peace process JEL Classification Code: R5

48-69

Authors: Misganaw Alene Tsegaye, & Birara Asnakew Moges

This study examined the roles and challenges of secondary school instructional leadership for the achievement of student learning in some selected schools in the South Gondar, Ethiopia. The researchers used a descriptive research design of survey type and gathered data through questionnaire and interview. The sample of this study comprises; principals, unit leaders, teachers and students in eight secondary schools in the South Gondar Zone. Thus, one hundred seventy five (175) teachers, seventy five (75) instructional leaders (20 principals, 11 unit leaders & 44 department heads), two hundred eighty five (285) students and eleven (11) officials at regional and district level were selected. Five research questions guided the study. The data collected were analyzed through the computation of percentages. Findings indicated significant relationships between distributed leadership and school goal achievement; teachers’ professional development; instructional programme management; effective teaching and learning; and promotion of school climate which include facilitating and understanding of the lesson, create an interesting environment with high class participation. Based on this finding, school heads/authorities should make it mandatory that distributed leadership should be adopted in such a way that everyone in schools is empowered to make his or her job more efficient, meaningful, and effective. Key words: Challenge, Distributed Leadership, Instructional Leadership, Roles