Sochi Journal of Economy

338-345

Authors: Valerii D. Andreev

The article considers the relevance and necessity of price audit, its main objectives arising from the regulations and international standards of audit, the importance of pricing to improve the financial stability of tourist organizations. The essence of price risks, the use of price information on risks for audit purposes are clarified, the methods and procedures for identification of possible risks for obtaining audit evidence are recommended. The main causes of risks and the choice of the strategy and tactics of pricing for tourist products are analyzed. The special attention is paid to the algorithm of checking the pricing policy of tourist organizations, stages and procedures of studying the pricing in the audit process, as well as the validity of transfer pricing with interrelated contractors that form the cost of the tourist product. The process of price risk management, the organization of internal price control, the development of measures to improve them are analyzed in detail.

355-365

Authors: E.Kh. Avazov, Tat'yana E. Gvarliani

This article examines the scientific views of economists on ensuring the sustainability of the banking system of the countries of the world, the main indicators determine the level of sustainability of the banking system, and also develop practical conclusions and proposals for ensuring the sustainability of the banking system of the Republic of Uzbekistan. World practice has not yet standardized a set of generally accepted indicators to ensure the stability of the banking system, since the activities of the banking system of all countries and the legislation of one country cannot fully comply with the legislation of another country. However, the article highlights the criteria under which the banking system is considered sustainable. In the course of the study, ways to improve the methodological foundations for ensuring the sustainability of the banking system of the Republic of Uzbekistan were proposed. The stability of the banking system is associated with the liquidity of commercial banks, therefore, the article identifies measures to improve it.

373-384

Authors: Vladislav E. Bukharinov

In this article, the subject of research is the factors influencing the foreign economic activity of companies, the export strategy, the specifics of foreign economic activity. The main types and forms of foreign economic activity are considered, the analysis of the use of certain types of foreign economic activity by Russian companies is carried out. The development of international activities involves the expansion of production and business functions of companies. The most important function is the development of an export strategy, which is a program of long-term effective functioning on the international market. Different approaches of existing companies are analyzed, as well as theoretical articles on this topic, and the most general algorithm for forming an export strategy is formed. It is a generalization that allows to include aspects that distinguish each approach. The article also discusses the criteria for analyzing markets. Without proper selection of the market it is impossible to form an effective export strategy. The criteria are considered only from theoretical sources, but also from the practice of domestic and foreign companies, which allows for a more accurate understanding of the logic of actions of large companies. Since the company's activity, and especially foreign economic activity, is always under the influence of internal and external factors, a tool was proposed for identifying and analyzing these factors, since it is these factors that have a significant impact on the development of foreign economic activity. The topic of the article corresponds to the current scientific areas, since it is of paramount importance for improving the competitiveness of companies and the development of foreign trade in general.

393-398

Authors: Vita A. Fomenko

The labor potential of such a new profession for the russian reality as a steward-manager is a relatively narrowly developing area in the science of personnel management. This article is a study of the characteristics of the labor and personal potential of the stewards using the example of the international sports event of the World Cup 2018 in the Sochi city during its course at the Fisht stadium. The role, the scheme of rights and obligations of the steward-manager in the implementation of his work, as well as the importance of his labor potential for the development of the sports tourism industry in the Sochi city are presented.Applying the author's classification of the component characteristics of the labor potential, the characteristics of the elements of the labor potential of the stewards-managers in the 2018 FIFA World Cup at the Fisht stadium were refined and systematized.

406-412

Authors: Marina V. Kogana, Ekaterina V. Nechaeva

The article briefly presents the multiplicative property of tourism through the comparison of indirect and direct contributions of the industry to the gross domestic product; the simple examples show the peculiarities of the direct and indirect effects of tourism on the economy of the host region, present the factors causing a significant difference between the indirect and direct influence of the industry. Particular attention is paid to tourism, as one of the factors reducing unemployment through the creation of additional jobs in the economy, compared empirical data on employment growth, under the influence of tourism, in the EU and Russia. The generally accepted methods of calculating the multiplicative effect of the industry are presented. The spheres of the economy that are most sensitive to the indirect manifestation of tourism are noted. Based on statistical data, a comparison was made of development indicators, as well as the impact of the tourism industry on the economy of the Russian Federation and the countries of the European Union following the results of 2017. For clarity, the generalized data are presented in the form of graphs and charts. The assessment of the impact of the industry was carried out taking into account both the direct and indirect effects of tourism on the economies of countries, the share of tourism in the gross domestic product of the compared countries was revealed, and the authors' opinion on the development prospects of the industry was reflected.

421-428

Authors: Valentina N. Roshchupkina, Elena N. Obedkova

The article discusses the theoretical and practical aspects of substantiating the methodological approach to standardizing documentary planned and unscheduled inspections by the tax service in companies with a vertically integrated management structure in order to increase the efficiency of using labor and natural resources, as well as simplify the processing and storage of documents in the archive. The algorithm for standardization of the “Documentary verification” business process based on the ARIS Express software has been modeled; the author's rationale for the business stages of conducting an inspection has been proposed, including: identifying grounds for conducting documentary audits; setting deadlines for scheduled inspections and unscheduled inspections; the mechanism for the preparation of regulatory documents of the results of inspections and the approval of standards for appealing decisions of the supervisory authority regarding document verification; methodical approach to improving the efficiency of operating activities and interaction of the company with regulatory authorities.

440-448

Authors: Evgeniya V. Vidishcheva, Elena V. Mashinistova

The creation of a brand is an integral element of the development of subjects at all levels in the modern world. The brand is used as a popular tool of competition,the brand formation is included in the list of priority tasks of socio-economic development of the regions of the Russian Federation. Improving the image and increasing the attractiveness of the destination by forming a cultural brand is a popular international practice. Cultural and historical heritage is a serious tool for the formation of common values that contribute to the unification of the world community. Cultural brand within the city or region is an effective tool for development, contributing to the competitiveness of the subject, both at the national and international level. On the basis of the cultural heritage of the territory, the population can build effective social strategies, expand the market of cultural services and products, and develop tourism and the cultural sphere as a whole. Since the success of the use of cultural potential depends on effective management, it is particularly important to develop strategies and approaches to preserve this wealth and pass it on to future generations.

252-258

Authors: Feng Anquan

Since the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the number of population in Russia increased slowly. In the Far East and Siberia, the population presented negative growth, which severely influenced the social-economic development. Immigration, on a certain extent, hascompensated the labor shortage and stimulated the Russian economic development. This article reviewed the immigration status in recent years, detailed explained the immigration policy and analyzed the contributions and issues foreign immigrants brought to the russian economic development.

267-276

Authors: Tat'yana P. Levchenko

The role and value of information as a peculiar form of capital is presented in article. The basic principles of management in the conditions of digital economy at the level of the enterprises of tourist business are disclosed. The scheme of information asymmetry from intermediaries concerning suppliers and consumers of tourist services is submitted, her manifestations are in details considered. The typical model of distribution with participation of global distributive systems and also the scheme of interaction of computer booking systems and global distributive systems through the systems of switching is given. It is proved that digital technologies in distribution of a tourist product are one of the most important functions of a complex of marketing in conditions when the market of tourist services represents "the market of the buyer".

285-298

Authors: Elena V. Onishchenko

On the basis of the system structural-functional and statistical analysis, the article traces trends in the development of the industry of recreation and tourism in the post-reform period of Russia. Against the background of international comparisons, the structure and dynamics of the development of outbound, inbound and domestic tourism over the past 27 years are examined. Particular attention is paid to the state of the sanatorium-resort industry, as the leading country in health-improvement and recreation, the hotel sector; features and accumulated problems of development that require urgent solutions are identified. The activities of tourism organizations and the emergence of new trends in the tourism market are analyzed, which allows rebuilding the tourism business, making it more innovative and sustainable. The characteristic is given to the internal tourist flow in the context of Russian regions. Assessing the impact of the recreation and tourism industry on the country's economy, the author finally concludes that the problems hampering the development of the domestic tourist space of the Russian regions require the use of new strategic tools for analyzing and managing the tourist sector of the country's economy as a system capable of generating sustainable reproduction competitive tourist products.

308-318

Authors: Nadezhda K. Serdyukova, Dmitriy A. Serdyukov

The article discusses the impact of service quality on the competitiveness of destinations and market participants on the example of mountain resorts. The issues of services standards of as a tool to ensure the quality and safety of services in the field of tourism are considered. The authors studied the existing base of national and interstate standards in the field of quality of services, including tourist-excursion and activity of ski resorts. A competitive analysis of the mountain resorts of Krasnaya Polyana was carried out, the dependence of the attractiveness of mountain resorts on the quality of excursion services and the introduction of digital technologies was revealed. The authors conclude that in the transition to a digital economy that it is especially important to invest resources in improving the service quality. Now clients become active participants in promoting quality travel products and services because of the availability of digital technologies. Based on a survey of consumers of mountain resorts, practical recommendations were developed, aimed at introducing new excursion services for tourists based on digital technologies. The introduction of digital services for tourists is an important competitive advantage for the mountain resorts of Krasnaya Polyana in the transition to a digital economy.

327-334

Authors: Elena Yu. Tugolukova

The mechanisms of advance of the sphere of tourism of the Republic of Crimea constructed on the principles of digital economy, among which "an umbrella brand", the formation of tourist IT-clusters of high technological level, a cloud computing allowing tour operators to work remotely, carrying out a binding of tourist capacity of the peninsula to specific target tourist groups are presented in article. The algorithm of creation of a tourist brand of the Republic of Crimea which considerably expands borders of tourist products is stated and distributes the name of the general brand for new tourist's products and services. Advance of tourist territories of the Crimea in the conditions of digitalization assumes also development of development plans for territories according to their specialization and a type of a tourist product, further development of health resort proceeding from the market capacity and calculation of the predicted demand.

142-150

Authors: Veronika A. Akhmerova, Nadezhda K. Serdyukova

The article is devoted to the topic of improving service technologies in domestic and inbound cultural tourism. Now the preferences and tastes of consumers are constantly changing, so it is becoming more relevant to search for new forms of tourist service. Today Sochi is Russia's largest resort destinations with various types of tourism (beach, health-improving, business, event, ski, active and also Olympic). Sochi has a rich historical and cultural heritage. Magnificent sanatorium-palaces, theaters, buildings of sea and railway stations are connected with the interesting history of development of Sochi as a resort. Cultural and historical objects of the city are increasingly attracting the interest of tourists. The role of cultural tourism is growing. There are many companies offering services for the tourists. In order to have an advantage in the competition for consumers, it becomes increasingly important to search for new forms and ways of servicing. To implement this goal, it is possible to introduce new types of excursion routes for Sochi Hop-on, Hop-off, that is, with the possibility of an exit for acquaintance with the object of the show. Currently, such buses have gained immense popularity all over the world, they could be found in the largest tourist centers. China, Singapore, the United States, Canada, Spain, Germany – not the entire list of countries where excursions on double decker are popular. The article also analyzes statistical data on the dynamics of domestic and inbound tourism in Russia, as well as offers of cultural-cognitive products on the market. A study of consumers was conducted to determine the attractiveness of a new tourist product based on the online survey. The results showed that this tourist product would contribute to improving the competitiveness of the city of Sochi and, as a result, the development of domestic and incoming tourism in Russia as a whole.

161-169

Authors: Galina D. Bryukhanova, Svetlana V. Grinenko

The development of the public catering sector is a priority task due to the demand, especially in a region that has a significant tourist and recreational potential. In the framework of the policy of import substitution, in conjunction with world trends in the organization and functioning of various catering systems, a management model should be developed to ensure the implementation of multi-level objectives: enterprise prosperity, industry development, attractiveness and economic growth of the municipality and region. The conjugation of the public catering sector with the agricultural sector makes it possible to form a tripartite system of partnerships with a view to realizing the imperatives of import substitution within the framework of existing sanctions in the field of food supply. Partnerships are built on the basis of coordinating the interests of the state (region, municipality), agricultural enterprises, processing enterprises, catering enterprises. This system will ensure economic growth in the region and receive local economic and social effects for all participants.

184-193

Authors: Svetlana V. Grinenko

The development of post-Soviet countries as independent states with a common history determines the specificity of the formation and functioning of the labor markets of the conjugated territories. Conjugation in this case is understood in a broad sense – geographic, economic, social, geopolitical. In modern conditions of globalization and open borders, the labor market tends to form regional migration systems, characterized by a number of features of the flow of labor resources within the range around the center of attraction. The post-Soviet space is such an area that represents the conjugate territories with the center of attraction – Russia, as the most economically developed country with a high level of wages. The article presents the research stage devoted to the assessment of migration flows between the countries of the post-Soviet space from 1997 to 2016, with the identification of factors determining the trends of migration growth. As the host country, Russia was chosen, which is the point of direction of centrifugal forces within the framework of the «center-periphery» theory.

204-208

Authors: Lyudmila N. Prikhodko, Ekaterina V. Belyakova

We were analyzed the problems of water supply for the population of global scale and regional importance. A method for the electrolysis-structural activation of water, oriented on the use of initial fresh rainwater or desalinated membrane technology of sea waterin a mix with biologically purified household sewage waters. This method can be used on sea vessels, in arid regions of the planet, in areas with saline groundwater. Activation of water is achieved by mixing biologically purified wastewater obtained by technology that ensures the quality of purified water at the level of requirements for release in a fishery pond and desalinated water (rainwater) or obtained by reverse osmosis in a ratio of their volumes not more than 10:1.

226-233

Authors: Galina M. Romanova, Evgeniya V. Vidishcheva, Elena K. Vorobei

The article discusses the сongress industry. Today, it is an effective tool to stimulate the activities of various sectors of the economy and the development of regional infrastructure, to improve the investment climate and enhance the image of cities as international cultural and business centers. The authors note that the congress industry is a dynamically developing, highly profitable and stable sector of the world economy. The south of Russia is gradually becoming the leader of the russian congress market. The article presents the analysis of the main indicators of the region's industry, the role of the subjects of the Krasnodar region in the all-russian hierarchy and the further directions of development. The relevance of the research of the congress services market is determined by the importance of such events in the region. Taking part in congresses and forums, companies have the opportunity to make useful acquaintances, meet with partners from other countries, to demonstrate their product, to exchange experience and knowledge, in other words – to give a new impetus to their business. The authors conclude that the сongress market of the resort shows the positive dynamics, but the lack of clear strategic guidelines and statistics does not allow to adequately assess the effectiveness of this development.

241-248

Authors: Mikhail A. Zdorov

The article considers the methodological approaches to economic valuation of the recreational resources of the region (rent, cost, regulatory, etc.), gives their critical evaluation, as well as the expediency of the use of comprehensive evaluation method. It consists of grouping all existing methods and highlighting performance indicators for each group of methods. The method of hierarchy as a reflection of the degree of interdependence and mutual influence of subsystems and components, features of the system structure, their differentiation by functions. The method of system integration and differentiation of components as a unity of opposites, ensuring the integrity of the system. The development method (structural transformation) as a qualitative change of the system. The content of the system development is a change in the degree of its structural organization, the degree of harmonization of its components and the diversity of its links with the environment. The higher is the organization of the system, the higher is the rate of its development. The system of calculation of the integral (complex) indicator of economic evaluation of recreational resources is given.

4-14

Authors: Jelisavka Bulatović, Goran Rajović

The text gives a geographical view of areas of mountains and valleys of the northern region of Montenegro with aspect of mapping, typology and landscape protection. According to the Ministry of Tourism and Sustainable Development of the Government of Montenegro (2015) in the areas of mountains and valleys of the northern region of Montenegro we highlight the landscape of regional character and local level (Figure 1). On Figure 2 we distinguish the following character types landscape: valley and basin mountain rivers; gorge and canyons of mountain rivers; plains, fields, plateaus; urban settlement; water accumulation of the lake; lower mountain type; Mountain landscape type and high mountain type landscape. Terminology and methodology applied in Montenegro studies of landscape, in the context of its protection, were discussed in very numerous publications. Finally, in concluding observations, we point to some aspects of cultural cartography and the study of landscapes in the past. When archaeological or historical landscapes are concerned, always the time that has already passed is being studied. Thus, it can be claimed Karro et al. [1] emphasizes using research Widgren [2] that the reconstructions of past landscapes are imagined, and may or may not be real. Unfortunately, it is impossible to say how much reality those reconstructions actually include, because treating evidence and the use of different theories and methodologies affect the result (e.g., the difference between retrospective and reconstructive method).

23-28

Authors: Boris A. Ermakov

This article assesses the feasibility of establishing self-regulating organizations (SRO) of the resort and tourist businesses on the regional level based on analyzing norms and regulations on SROs in the Russian Federation. It is recognized that self-regulation provides for the most favorable conditions for achieving strategic goals of the recreation and tourism business development in the region and resolving of specific tasks at minimum costs. In addition, development of the modern recreation and tourist business management at the regional level as a set of rational combination of the management system methods and links in relationship with other management systems in time and space, would be difficult without introducing the self-regulation mechanisms. More details on aspects characterizing the SROs’ activities in the recreation and tourism business could be provided within the framework of individual studies carried out with regard to the specific features of any given tourist regions.

38-45

Authors: Valentina A. Krakhina, Yulya S. Valueva

The article deals with the theoretical issues of the essence of the valuation of commercial real estate, examines the opinions of various scientists on this concept, it is clarified that the assessment is based on the valuation of the property of the enterprise. In view of the identification of the terms "valuation of real estate" and "examination of real estate", the types of economic examination are considered, a comparative characteristic of the indicated concepts is carried out, their main characteristics are given. It is clarified that the examination is conducted with a view to resolving civil disputes and conducting litigation. The concept of expertise is broader than the evaluation of real estate, as it includes, in addition to determining the value of the object, the definition of violations and changes in the financial and economic mechanism of management. The expediency of applying the term "economic valuation of real estate" is substantiated. The objects relating to commercial real estate are defined, its types are considered, the participants in the assessment are identified, and the cases in which the objects are assessed are identified. Based on the study of the literature, conclusions are drawn that the objectivity and effectiveness of the valuation of real estate objects is enhanced if the motives of the parties concerned are taken into account; to improve the management of commercial real estate, it is necessary to take into account factors affecting the value of commercial real estate.

60-67

Authors: Matvey S. Oborin

Sanatorium and resort activity occupies a significant place in strengthening the health of the population of the Russian Federation. Historically occupying an important place in the health care system, the sanatorium complex has not lost its practical significance, moreover, the strategic objectives of improving the quality of life of every citizen and ensuring the availability of health services only confirm the important role of specialized enterprises in the socio-economic development of the state. At this stage, the priority task is to ensure the quality of management of health resorts. Analysis of these statistics indicates that the activity of the health resort complex is unprofitable in many regions of the Russian Federation, which are considered the leaders of the market of health resort services. Problems of efficiency of management of the profile enterprises rendering medical and improving services are considered on the example of the Central Federal district, only one region in which positive operational result is received is revealed: Tula region. The main results of the study: sanatorium-resort complex is affected by the negative impact of macroeconomic factors, industry-specific problems have to be overcome on the basis of external and domestic policy measures. Public Finance programmes are essential for reducing losses, and internal controls must be based on the effective use of capacity and the introduction of new management methods and technologies.

79-93

Authors: Vladimir N. Sharafutdinov, Elena V. Onischenko

The article discusses the expediency of including regional tourist products in the competitiveness assessment objects, which opens new perspectives in improving the management of tourism development in the regions, as it complements and enriches the picture of regional comparisons of the tourist potential by analyzing the effectiveness of its use. The features of the regional tourist product as an object of competitive relations are presented on the basis of the principles of sustainability, integrity and manufacturability. Author's interpretation of the concept of «competitiveness of the regional tour product» is given from the perspective of its sustainable reproduction. The features of this economic category are revealed. According to the authors, the proposed approach will allow not only to more adequately identify the competitive advantages of regional tour products of Russia, but also to come close to investigating ways and practical ways of actively demonstrating the civilizational features and advantages of Russian civilization.

101-122

Authors: David Umoru, Efosa Osayamen A. Evbuomwan, Benedict Imimole

This paper estimates import demand functions for Nigeria using yearly data for 2000 to 2017 on basis of dynamics of distributed lag model in line with first-order Koyck lag transformation. GLS estimator was utilized in two ways: Estimation without any restriction imposed on lag coefficients and estimation by restricting Koyck lag weights to satisfy erstwhile assumption of smoothness. Our chosen restriction was such that lag coefficients exponentially decline from initial impact to zero at a lag length of .For estimation without restrictions, probability values of Wald statistic were insignificant. As regards estimation with restrictions, our restrictions on lag coefficients were significant and as such our analysis of results was focussed on estimations with coefficient restrictions. The empirics upholds structural import equation as most well-behaved import function for predicting variation in Nigeria’s demand for importation with a mean lag of 1.088 years, median lag of 1.063 years and variance of lag distribution of about 2.271 years. In light of its low variance, it shows that impact of foreign reserves holding and import tariff reduction is spread over 2 years. Thus, consequent upon changes in foreign reserves holding and tariff reduction policy, 52.1 % changes in Nigeria’s demand for importation is completed in one year, implying somewhat rapid adjustment. Overall, our empirics denotes that Nigeria’s import demand behaviour are significantly responsive to foreign reserves holding, tariff reduction policy and final consumption expenditure. Nevertheless, lag distributions exhibit a sequence of lag coefficients that bounce around positive and negative numerals and so outlying (outliers) in a way not in conformity to economic theory. Hence, the lag distributions are unstable and so diverge as lag length escalates in the long-run. Consequently, with all estimated import functions, the policy response is oscillatory. This implies that response of import demand to government policy on importation is dynamically inconsistent. Such oscillation could be propelled by sensitivity of Nigeria’s demand for importation to fluctuating economic circumstances prompted by recent recessionary sequence and its associated economic disorder via reality of Nigerian business cycle given oil price shocks and its socio-economic vulnerability effect on the nation. So, while Nigerian government prudently implement expenditure-reducing policies, there is need to sustain a balance between protection of import substituting industries for the drive to enhancing indigenous production and maintaining a positive payment balance by adequate international reserves through ample acquisition of official remittances to strengthen the country’s import funding when the demand to import for national development becomes vital.

132-138

Authors: Svetlana V. Zheurova

The author analyzes the macro- and micro-environments, key elements of the external environment on the example of a particular enterprise LLC "Primorskiy Konditer". The interrelation of the main micro- and macro-environment factors and their influence on the development of the organization are analyzed. The options of strategies of behavior of the vorganization are considered. The author, in relation to LLC "Primorskiy Konditer", identified and analyzed a number of factors, including: economic, social, technological, legal, demographic, cultural, political and natural. Having considered each position, the author noted that the economic factor has the greatest negative impact on LLC "Primorskiy Konditer", after which they were offered a ranking of factors having a positive impact on this enterprise. The author analyzes the activity of the enterprise "Primorskiy Konditer", as well as its competitiveness and advantages. The article contains one figure and two tables compiled by the author.