International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science

6-8

Authors: Thamer A N. Alenezi

This paper has been prepared to explore the necessary planning to minimise delay factors on construction projects in Kuwait during Covid-19. The data was obtained through face-to-face interviews. A case study was performed at West of Abdullah Al Mubarak in Kuwait, identifying the major causes of delay on the project. The delay factors of the project were gathered from the project manager and the study found the main delay factor was addressed and minimised by proper planning methods.

6-9

Authors: Thamer A N. Alenezi

This paper has been prepared to evaluate the impact of Covid-19 on Construction projects in Kuwait. A questionnaire survey has been carried out from a wide range of professional engineering, construction and architecture practitioners operating in Kuwait. The findings from this research revealed that delays in projects were due to Covid-19. The main conclusion drawn is that the delays can be reduced by proper planning.

15-21

Authors: Vinay Kumar1, PP Paroha, D Swain, Virendra Kumar

A modern sugar industry has around 80 to 90 Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs) beside an additional 300 electrical motors that run on different types of starters. Among these VFDs, the majority of the load is on sugarcane milling station. The mills, of 4 or 5 sets in tandem, consumes around 25-30% of total electrical power consumed by the industry. The front-end rectifiers in the electrical drives of these mills rollers are a major source of harmonics and thereby polluting power. In most of the places, two delta/delta-wye type converter transformers are used to feed motors of four mills through VFDs. By this, two individual 6-pulse rectifiers act as 12-pulse rectifier resulting in canceling of the 5th and 7th ordered harmonics and bringing the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) down to around 10%. In some of the cases, if the motor rating is rather lower, then the drives are fed directly from the bus. This results in injecting harmonics of even the dominating 5th and 7th order harmonics resulting in much more THD than in the case of two converter transformer. The very application of sugarcane milling tandem can further be improved and a 24-pulse for 4 sets or 30-pulse for 5 sets in the tandem can be realized. This paper presents a simulation study on harmonics due to front-end rectifiers in the electrical drives of existing set up for sugarcane milling station. The simulation is carried out on MATLAB/Simulink. Keywords— VFD, DC Drive, Milling tandem, harmonics, THD, Converter Transformer, MATLAB/Simulink. A modern sugar industry has around 80 to 90 Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs) beside an additional 300 electrical motors that run on different types of starters. Among these VFDs, the majority of the load is on sugarcane milling station. The mills, of 4 or 5 sets in tandem, consumes around 25-30% of total electrical power consumed by the industry. The front-end rectifiers in the electrical drives of these mills rollers are a major source of harmonics and thereby polluting power. In most of the places, two delta/delta-wye type converter transformers are used to feed motors of four mills through VFDs. By this, two individual 6-pulse rectifiers act as 12-pulse rectifier resulting in canceling of the 5th and 7th ordered harmonics and bringing the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) down to around 10%. In some of the cases, if the motor rating is rather lower, then the drives are fed directly from the bus. This results in injecting harmonics of even the dominating 5th and 7th order harmonics resulting in much more THD than in the case of two converter transformer. The very application of sugarcane milling tandem can further be improved and a 24-pulse for 4 sets or 30-pulse for 5 sets in the tandem can be realized. This paper presents a simulation study on harmonics due to front-end rectifiers in the electrical drives of existing set up for sugarcane milling station. The simulation is carried out on MATLAB/Simulink.

35-39

Authors: Thamer A N. Alenezi

This paper has been prepared to identify the major causes of delays on construction projects in Kuwait during Covid-19. The major causes of delays from this research study were investigated following data collection carried out through a questionnaire survey with a wide range of construction professionals based in Kuwait. The findings from this research determined the major causes of delays based on an importance index, and the main conclusions from output of the data could help the construction sector to better assess not only the major causes of delays on construction projects but also how to minimise them by proper planning.

6-11

Authors: GIRISH M. DHOTE1, ANIL V. KALE2

In this paper a neural network-based approximation method is used to predict optimized punch entry during piercing operation. Five materials are used with varying thicknesses and punch diameters for experimentation against optimal punch entry as a measure during piercing. Rigorous experimentation was carried out and the tabulated data is used for the numerical simulation using Artificial Neural Network. Figurative mathematical model is initiated to reveal the nature of Neural Network. Scaled conjugate gradient algorithm is considered as optimization algorithms for ANN, which performs well with diversified topologies. Coefficient of correlation (R = 0.997) with the sum of square error in the range of (0.001-0.01) reflecting a better approximation of dependent variable. Key words: Piercing, Punch entry, Neural network, Diverse topologies, Coefficient of correlation

17-31

Authors: Dr. Chandrasekhar Putcha

In their seminal work, Burns and Mitchell’s (1946) definition of business cycles has two key features. The first is the co-movement or concurrence among the individual economic indicators, and the other feature is that business cycle is governed by a switching process between different phases. In general, extracting the co-movement among the economic indicators leads to the creation of the composite Economic indicators (CEI), which enables policy-makers to define the current state of the aggregate economy. That is, the creation of the CEI would inform us whether the economy is currently experiencing a slowdown, a boom, or whatever. This paper uses three important economic variables in this study - Average Income per year, (AYPY), Unemployment rate per year (URPY), and Housing Prices per year (HPPY). A new method is developed for calculation of CEI in this paper. The study is done in two phases. In phase I, these are used to calculate the Composite Economic Index (CEI) for 4 key states - Texas, New York, Florida and California and in the second phase CEI is calculated for the whole of USA.

49-55

Authors: Viraj Bhusari

Test-per-clock BIST scheme is used to determine for small test vector and short test time. This paper presents a new test-per-clock BIST method that can perform both pattern generation and response compression concurrently in the same LFSR-based design so as to reduce the area overhead. Furthermore, some internal nets are employed in two ways during test application to help reduce test time and test vector: 1) as the observation points to enhance fault detectability and 2) as the test data provider for reseeding the LFSR. These two ways lead to the benefits that all required patterns can be generated on chip and at-speed testing can be carried out without using any external or internal storage device. Experimental results show that the presented method can achieve 100% fault coverage in very short time for large ISCAS (IWLS) benchmark circuits. When compared with a conventional scan-based design, the area overhead is small considering the features of test-per-clock and no requirement of data storage element.

66-71

Authors: M. Rahman, A. Elahi, and A. Rashid

Many fire-based accidents are occurring in Industries now. Consequently, massive losses of lives, as well as money, are suffered by the owners. The conventional fire extinguishing systems are found to be not enough to reduce losses, including eliminating them. Most are conversant in the fact that the large fires originate from very small sparks or pretty little fires which are very easy to manage. So, in this research, the main objective was to easily control these small fires at the initial phase. By using the traditional fire extinguisher, it's not always possible to extinguish a small fire. One of the main reasons for this inability is that the manual handling nature. So, the authors worked with the automated extinguishing equipment and tried to enhance them to extinguish the small fire at a very initial stage and prevent huge fire which will cause massive losses. In this research, a sustainable fireball was designed and manufactured using locally available raw materials. In the ball, dry powder is used as an extinguisher referred to as ABC dry chemical powder. A stands for ash, B stands for barrel while C stands for current. The powder is typically a mixture of mono ammonium phosphate and ammonium sulfate, the previous being the active one. The combination between the two agents is typically 40–60%, 60-40%, or 90-10% counting on local standards worldwide. An innovative fireball extinguisher system has been developed using this powder to extinguish the fire quickly and conveniently. In this paper, the design and fabrication procedures of an innovative fireball extinguisher system are described along with the test result

89-96

Authors: Ms.Neetu Singh Diwakar1, Dr. J.N.Vyas2

Structural defect prediction in RC buildings, especially multi-storied buildings has long been an active area of research among structural engineers. While several standards pertaining to different geological conditions are available and are adhered to while structural design, yet it has been seen that due to external factors and non-compliance with exact standards, there exists a chance of building failure. Conventional techniques rely on pre-defined standards, but due to minute details and random nature of values, it is difficult to find regular relations or patterns among them. In this paper, standardized RC building data has been used to train an artificial neural network and subsequently is has been used to test the neural network model for predicting building failure. A total number of fifty RC buildings have been utilized for data mining. As a standard convention, 80% of the data has been used for training and remaining 20% data has been used for testing and validation. It has been found that the designed ANN structure predicts with approximately 98.51% accuracy which can be attributed to the efficacy of the Bayesian Regularization algorithm used for employing back propagation in the designed ANN structure. It may possible that the present research or proposed methodology using ANN technique may provide a guideline to detect defect or failure prediction in structural RC buildings with high accuracy.

6-14

Authors: Nureddin Ben Issa1, Suheir M. Derrbal1, Yaseen Elhebshi2

A simple and economic experimental sorption procedure is developed for efficiency removal of phosphates from aqueous solution using experiments batch system. Many experiments were conducted to use marble in powder form which collected from the workshop was used to adsorption phosphate PO43- from aqueous solution. Equilibrium concentration has been measured using distribution coefficient to evaluate the removal efficiency. The PO43- adsorption experiments were carried out to analyze the influence of governing factors such as pH of the solution, mass of marble dust MD, initial PO43- concentration, temperature and contact time, on the adsorption efficiency of PO43-. The equilibrium test showed that, the sorption efficiency depended on the pH of the solution. The adsorbed of PO43- increased with range (pH 5.0 - 6.5). It was found that the maximum adsorption capacity of MD for removing of PO43- reached to 13.68 mg g-1 and 13.57 mg g-1 at pH 6.0 and 6.5 respectively.

27-31

Authors: 1Prof.Nagnath.U.Kakde, 2Prof.Vishal.J.Deshbhrar, 3Dr.Dheeraj Bhiogade

Rapid prototyping (RP) is one of the fastest developing manufacturing technologies in the world today.Rapid Prototyping Technology can be used to convert 3D image into actual physical 3D Model.It is a quite different technology of manufacturing other than Lathe,Milling and other ManufacturingTechnology.The models which one cant prepare by conventional method that can be prepare by Rapid Prototping.In the medical field there is great use of this technology. This technique can be used to prepare medical tools and instrumentation.

40-47

Authors: Aamid Riyaz Kochai

What is your perception of reality? Is it same as my perception of reality? What defines perception? Does perception like ice cream? And at last but not least, does perception even exist? Questions like these are the basis of the modern doctrine of consciousness. After a long time of research we have not been able to understand much about consciousness, however we humans have been able to find a fundamental property of consciousness without even fully understanding the ‘consciousness’ itself. The fundamental property of consciousness is the memory. In Bohmian mechanics (Bohm’s interpretation), the pilot wave acts as a navigator for a particle, and so happens in human brain. In this paper we contemplate the bohm’s interpretation and its indirect relation with consciousness, by showing its relation with human memory. The bohm’s interpretation is an interpretation of modified Schrodinger equation, which itself is connected with the memory of quantum system.