International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science

6-16

Authors: Dr. Chandrasekhar Putcha, Lakshimi Lavanya Bandaru, Dr. Hakob Avetisyan

This paper deals mainly with establishing a relationship between three parameters, namely, Ethics, Economics, and Politics using the concept of utility theory. It also shows application of utility theory to Transportation Engineering. Ethics is generally connected to virtue, good social behavior etc. Economics in general deals with profit maximization. Politics, as is well-known deals with a political climate in any given country directly relating to the leaders of that country. In a general sense, one can see the relation between these three variables. This is because the economic policies that are followed by any country will depend on the party in power and the political leaders. Therein comes the concept of ethics whether policies followed deal only with the sole objective of profit maximization with no consideration of ethics or they are based on some kind of ethical values. In particular, this paper will study in detail the two opposite philosophies proposed by Galbraith (1991) and Drucker (1993). Galindo and Cuevas (2008) state that four basic principles shape the fundamental and ethical criteria in economic behavior. These are 1. Ethics deals with “values”. 2. These values must be widely established in society. 3. Economic behavior must pursue an individual interest. 4. At the same time, the economic behavior must pursue a common interest. While the principles 1 and 2 are more of philosophical nature and so this paper will not focus on these. It is the principles 3 and 4 that this paper will concentrate. While Drucker seems to advocate principle 3, Galbraith advocates principle 4. However, the work reported by Galbraith seems to indicate that he supports a welfare state while the work of Drucker indicates that he supports the importance of the third sector i.e. non-governmental organizations, charity organizations etc. Nevertheless, the point remains is that some kind of efficiency criteria should be developed to reduce social inequalities. It is this part that this paper will focus on after going through in detail the two opposing theories of Galbraith and Drucker. At the end of the paper, application of utility theory is illustrated to Transportation Engineering.

26-34

Authors: Lieyu Kandolo Jacques et Lubini Ayingweu Constantin.

This study assessed the capacity of forest regeneration in the shrub grass formations of the Kinshasa region of post-stem regrowth disturbance of potential woody regeneration constituents on the eastern flank of the hill "Mont-Amba." Inventories were carried out on 1 hectare using transects over a total length of 1000 metres; inventoried 156 strains of 24 species from 24 genemis and 17 families. Euphorbiaceae and Rubiaceae dominated with 25% of the total. Chaetocarpus africanus Pax. (20,5 %) and Hymenocardia ulmoides Oliv. (15%) have dominated with and constitute fast-growing species, indicators of the potential afforestation to replenish forest recrus. Their presence offers the possibility of forest regeneration. The frequency and spatial distribution of these strains indicate a distribution of the aggregate, contagious and isolated type. The resistance and regrowth of these strains assume that their protection from disturbances induced by bushfires, cuttings and ploughing can lead to the recovery and regeneration of forest recrus and grass formations on the outskirts of Kinshasa.

41-46

Authors: Dr. Tamilselvi*1, R.Deepa2

Background: The issue of menstrual hygiene acknowledged and has not received proper attention. Use of sanitary pads and washing the genital area are essential practices to keep the menstrual hygiene. Unhygienic menstrual practices can affect the health of the girls and there is an increased vulnerability to reproductive tract infections and pelvic inflammatory diseases and other complications. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and practice of menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls at Mappedu in Thiruvallur district. Method: The approach of this study was quantitative study in nature. The research design that was used to achieve the objectives of the study is descriptive study. This study was conducted in rural area at Mappedu. The population of the study comprises of fifty adolescent girls. The sample taken from rural area. Rural area adolescents in the age group of 13-17 years. Convenient sampling method. Results In Knowledge assessment 7(14%) members were Inadequate knowledge 36(72%) were moderate knowledge and 7(14%)members were adequate knowledge. In assessing practice 14% were good practicing,72% were averagely practicing,14% poorly practicing. Conclusions: The findings show that the knowledge and practices of menstrual hygiene is low. Awareness regarding the need for information about good menstrual practices is very important.So health education programs should be setup to create awareness and practice of good menstrual hygiene.

51-60

Authors: Jiala Mafo Jules1, Hongbing Cheng2

Cloud computing is becoming a priority for companies who want to improve the quality of their services. Unlike traditional solutions, where IT services are subject to appropriate physical, logical, and personnel controls, Cloud Computing moves application software and databases to large data Centers. However, data and service management may not be completely reliable. this data is the target of several network attacks, which aim to interrupt, intercept, modify and manufacture the information. therefore, it is critical to managing these attacks in the end to improve the use and adoption of the cloud. In this article, we present the different types of cloud services, deployment models, and architecture of Cloud computing with a special focus on security issues with Encryption and Decryption, and RSA algorithm. Also, the solutions for users to overcome some of the security issues are addressed in this paper..