International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science

6-13

Authors: Nayan Girase1, Mihir Gurjar2

In today's society, advancement in technology has made life easier by providing us with higher level of knowledge through the invention of different devices. However, each technological innovation harbors the potential of hidden threats. One major threat is deteriorating efficiency, main cause behind it is overheating and environment debris. While debris can be filtered but overheating of component causes decrease in life span of components and deterioration in efficiency. This increasing battle with overheating issue has lead to birth of many cooling methods and exhaust system but u cannot know when a coin flip like way all method are not efficient and cost effective and completely reliable so we take it as a challenge to design cost effective and well efficient cooling system . Keywords— Minimum 7 keywords are mandatory, keyword must reflect the overall highlighting words of research. This must be of Time New Roman Front of size 10.

22-27

Authors: Deepa Srivastava

The Jeewanu has been prepared in the laboratory in a sunlight exposed sterilized aqueous mixture of some inorganic and organic substances by Bahadur and Ranganayaki. In prebiotic atmosphere possibly energy transducing systems similar to Jeewanu existed which had an ability to convert solar energy into useful forms. Gáinti in 2003 discussed that Jeewanu possesses a promising configuration similar to protocell-like model. Jeewanu is capable of spitting water molecule to hydrogen and oxygen in presence of sunlight and the proton set free, is utilized to fix nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Effect of variation in the concentration of mineral solution, formaldehyde and ammonium molybdate on pH and colour intensity of the PEM of 1.531211 SMJ38 Jeewanu before and after exposure to sunlight was studied by Srivastava, D. Keywords— Autopoetic, eukaryote, Jeewanu, PEM, sunlight, mercury lamp, morphology, 1.531211SMJ29, pH

35-45

Authors: Saniya Paulson

Multipliers will play an important role in today's digital signal processing and various other applications. The multiplication operation consists of producing partial products and then adding these partial products the final product is obtained. Thus the speed of the multiplier depends on the number of partial products and the speed of the adder. In parallel multipliers number of partial products to be added is the main parameter that determines the performance of the multiplier. The main aim in VLSI field is to make a multiplier which increases the speed and reduces the area and power. This paper focuses on the implementation of a 8-point and 16-point FFT using a parallel multiplier designed using Advanced Modified Booth Encoding Algorithm(AMBE) for 8-bit signed-unsigned number multiplication. This paper describes comparison of various multipliers based on area and delay. Simulations are done using Xilinx 14.2ISE and implemented on SPARTAN-6 FPGA board.

55-66

Authors: D. E. Bassey., A. P. Orim., and S. Ekwe.

- Mobile Number Portability is the aptitude of a subscriber to change his / her Network Provider (NP), without losing his / her original Mobile Station Integrated Services Digital Network (MSISDN) number. This laudable process was recently introduced into the Nigerian Telecommunications environment, in view of its impact on competition and quality of service among various Network Providers (NPs). Ironically, the initial excitement it generated gradually faded. More than four years after its introduction, the statutory agency, the Nigerian Communication Commission has not made any statement on the success or failure of the exercise. In view of this, this study resorted to modeling a similar environment to investigate the switching capability of mobile network operators transacting this porting regime. The assumption made was that all calls (seeds) were successfully originated and routed using SS7 protocol. The model was framed after taking cognizance of how the signaling traffic was routed for real-time services under a certain bandwidth switching capacity. Among other key performance indicators, the exercise indicated congested switching nodes: an indication that porting activities will introduce traffic congestion if the operational channels are not expanded to accommodate high traffic generated through porting activities. The study collaborates the reasons for the unimpressive performance witnessed on the Number Portability programme in Nigeria. Keywords: Donor network, Mobile network operators, Number portability, Originating network, Switching capacity.

75-81

Authors: D. Ram Mohan Rao1, Zameer Ahmed2, Dr. K.Ram Mohan Reddy3, Dr. Y. Ellam Raj4

Hydraulic structures used to withdraw water from a river or reservoir. As the high levels of circulation in the flow upstream of the pump sump region leads to asymmetry in the approach flow, this influences considerably the quality of intake design. The vortices originating at the lateral walls, floor or at the free surface can form in the vicinity of the pump intake area can be classified as either free-surface vortices or sub-surfaces vortices according where they originate. [1] All the vortices formed like this induce high levels of unsteady swirl inside the pump column, which results to uneven loading on impeller, and reduce the efficiency of the pumps. One of the major problems in water intake flows is a swirling-flow problem in the pump sump. If this problem is not solved, the effectiveness of the intake is reduced which directly influences the efficiency of the pump. Significant cost savings could be realized if the designs for pump intakes and other structures could be developed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models. CFD code can successfully predict vortices, and these models can be used extensively in design of basins with pump intakes. Keywords— Pump Intake, CFD, Raster GIS, Vortices, Submergence, Sink, Superimposition, k-e model

107-116

Authors: Adeel Arshad1, Mian Rizwan2, Adil Maqsood1

In many developing countries, electric power generated by utility supply authority is inadequate to meet the demands of their customers. This Power variability has necessitated the need for alternative source of power supply i.e. Generator to back up the utility power supply. Changing between the main supply line and the alternative supply poses yet another problem. Various attempts have been made to advance automatic power changeover switch but there are some limitations with them. Our proposed scheme presents the design and construction of microcontroller based automatic transfer switch and a better and cost effective approach that makes use of digital integrated circuits and microcontroller which reduces the number of components as well as increase the speed of the system. The ATS also contains an alarm system for indicating generator failure or fuel outage. Keywords— ATS; Backup Generator; Power Supply; Cost Effective; Microcontroller; Home Automation;

126-129

Authors: Yash Soni & Kalgi Trivedi Guided by- Asst. Prof. Bhagirathi Dodiya

The system proposed in this project is “Green House” which is a smart technology to provide plants and trees the required nourishment from the sunlight and to prevent the same from the harmful effects. Therefore this project focuses on developing a system that can automatically monitor and predict changes of temperature, light, humidity and soil moisture in the greenhouse. The objective of the research is to develop an automatic control and monitoring system using sensors and Short Message Service (SMS) technology. This proposed system also has a mechanism to alert farmers regarding the parameter changes in the greenhouse so that early precaution steps can be taken. System components used are Humidity sensor, Temperature sensor, soil moisture sensor, light sensor, Transistor switches, relay nodes for automatic control, Microcontroller to control greenhouse information. To make this more efficient a GSM has been linked with the system. Keywords - Greenhouse controlling, automatic Greenhouse, Embedded Greenhouse, Greenhouse controlling using sensors, GSM operated Greenhouse

137-142

Authors: Joseph Amajama1, Julie C. Ogbulezie2, Nsed A. Akonjom3, Victor C. Onuabuchi4

The impact of Wind on the output of photovoltaic panel and solar illuminance/intensity has been probed. The collision of the molecular particles of the air with that of the photonic particles of the sun results in a change in the propagation direction of the falling photonic particles towards the opposite direction of the incident air particles. Hence, at near constant air temperature of 87 + 3 0F, air pressure of 29.87 + 0.04 inHg, relative humidity of 72 + % and solar illuminance/intensity of 18000 + 6000 Lux; photovoltaic panel outputs (short circuit current and open circuit voltage) and solar illuminance/intensity are favoured by increase in wind speed: that is, when the wind is towards the front of an observer (or panel) with the sun, some distance away in front and when the wind is towards the back of the observer (or panel) and the sun is behind. But, it is unfavourable when the wind’s direction is towards the back of an observer (or panel) and the sun is some distance in front of the observer (or panel) or the sun is some distance behind the observer (or panel) and the wind direction is towards the front of the observer (or panel). For short, under same weather conditions, solar illuminance/intensity is favoured when the direction of the propagation of the solar photonic particles are in phase with the molecular particles of the wind and unfavoured when out of phase. Similarly under similar weather conditions, the output of a photovoltaic panel is favoured when the propagation of the solar photonic particles are in phase with the molecular particles of the wind and unfavoured when out of phase. Keywords— Impact, Wind, Output, Photovoltaic panel, Solar illuminance, Solar intensity, Weather parameters and Particles.

149-156

Authors: Neethu Balakrishnan1, Anima P 2

Visco-elasticity is the property of materials that exhibit both viscous and elastic characteristics when undergoing deformation due to applied external load. Visco-elastic materials (VEM) properties depend both on temperature and time. To mathematically characterize the properties of visco-elastic materials, Prony series and Laplace Transform are utilized. In general, these materials exhibit certain amount of scatter in their properties due to the dispersion in the values of material properties and applied external load. For design purposes, it is essential to know the potential variations in the structural response due to the system or external randomness. In the present work, the static and dynamic response of structures, where certain components are composed of visco-elastic materials are considered. Two cases are studied. The first consists of studying the response of solid rocket propellant grain and the second study is on vibration isolators for a PCB with aerospace application. The study considers the random response due to presence of inherent scatter in the values of applied loads and material properties. For sensitive applications where design margins are narrow, it is important to consider the dispersions in design parameters for optimal and safe design based on rational decisions than arbitrary safety factors. Keywords— Visco-elastic Materials, Finite element method, Prony series, Equivalent modulus

161-167

Authors: Maamar Ali Saud AL Tobi1,Mahmood Hamid Juma Al Sabari2

This paper studies cavitation detection of centrifugal pump using Time –Domain method. Centrifugal pump is the most popular pump which is widely used in the world. The centrifugal pump may face many problems, one of these is cavitation. Cavitation is formation of bubbles or cavities in liquid that is developed when there is low pressure around the impeller. Cavitation can lead to failure of pump housing, impeller damage and decreased flow and pressure. So, this project is to detect the cavitation fault using time domain method and particularly using parameters such as; Kurtosis, RMS, Mean and Peak. The vibration signals were collected from different positions, namely, vertical, horizontal and axial, and all results were compared for healthy and cavitation conditions. The results were plotted as graphs using MATLAB and tables were also provided. Keywords— Centrifugal pump, Cavitation, Time domain, Root Mean Square, peak, Mean and kurtosis.

175-181

Authors: Shruthi M N, Suresh D S, Rajendra C J, R Sekar

Water is basic necessity of life used for many purposes one of which is industrial use. Industries generally take water from rivers or lakes but they have to pay heavy taxes for that. So it’s necessary for them to recycle that to reduce cost and also conserve it. Main function of this project is to clean industry effluent and recycle it for further use. Many manufacturing industries produce their products with using water. With their products industries produce wastewater, which can be removed with the help of waste water treatment process along with water recycling can help us to sustainably manage our vital water resources. In this system, propose a few automated processes for a partial automation of the apartment which can be mostly used in residential areas and industries. It is developed using PLC. The main intent is treated water which can be in turn used for many other purposes and can be cost effective as well. In this paper, our major focus is about industrial automation. Thus by the use of PLCs all the input and output field devices can be controlled automatically with the proper programming. PLC automates the sequence of operation to avoid human interference so accuracy is improved and speed of process has been increased. This will reduce the manual manpower too. Everything seems to be more efficient due to the PLCs. The main aim is industrial and small enterprises sewage treatment to realize the good sewage treatment of automatic control system with high accurate, reliability, convenient and flexible control and scalability. Keywords— PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), Smoke Sensor, Solenoid Valve, DC Motor, Automation, Water Pump, Waste Water treatment.

193-199

Authors: Banajit Boro

The importance of control system in mechanical, electrical and electronics has been enhanced to a great extent in the recent years. This paper provides an evaluation of several stability analysis strategies to the non-linear control systems. Nonlinear control systems pertain with nonlinear systems that are time-variant. As control system design in general aims to satisfy certain performance objectives, such as stability, accurate input tracking, disturbance rejection, and robustness or insensitivity to parameter uncertainty, the dissimilar nature of nonlinear systems essentially demands for a diversity of design methods of different nature. The major considerations of this study are transfer functions along with stability and steady state error. To improve the stability of the nonlinear systems, numerous researches have been proposed. Keywords – Control systems, Non-linear control systems, Stability analysis, Lyapunov, Popov criterion, fuzzy controller, Takagi-Sugeno.

209-214

Authors: V. D. Sharma, P. D. Dolas

A linear phase shift introduced in time domain signals results in a frequency domain is a Modulation theorem of integral transform and the Parseval’s theorem is the sum (or integral) of the square of a function is equal to the sum (or integral) of the square of its transform. The properties of the Fourier transform provided valuable insight into how signal operations in the time-domain are described in the frequency-domain. In the present work, Fourier-Stieltjes Transform is extended in distributional generalized sense. Adjoint operators for the distributional Fourier-Stieltjes Transform is obtained. Also,Modulation and Parseval’s Theorem for the Fourier-Stieltjes Transform are proved. Keywords— Fourier Transform, Steiltjes Transform, Inversion Formula of Fourier-Stieltjes Transform, Fourier-Steiltjes Transform, Generalized function.

220-226

Authors: Pratyush Singh, P. C. Diwan

Sustainability of concrete pavements depends on the rate of pavements deterioration. Cracks, as the main reason behind the deteriorations of concrete pavements, are initiated at the top or the bottom surface layer of concrete slab and then, propagated into depth of concrete slab due to fatigue of concrete. The load transfer efficiency across joints and cracks depends on the shear transfer capability of aggregate interlock and cement paste. The shear transfer capability of aggregate interlock and cement paste is an important factor. Using Miner’s rule, equations for calculating the fatigue damage of concrete slab were developed. Keywords— Concrete, pavement, slab, subbase, fatigue.