International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science

14-20

Authors: Vyacheslav V. Lyashenko1, Mohammad Ayaz Ahmad2, Oleg A. Kobylin3

An analysis of images is the powerful tool of research in various fields of knowledge. One of directions of application of such analysis is a computer processing of text information. There is defined a number of problems among existing variety of methods of image processing of a text, where a wavelet procedure of fusion of images is in the basis. There is carried out a number of experiments for the purpose of a substantiation of possibility and expediency of application of wavelet procedure of fusion of images for the computer processing and the analysis of text information. As a result of the carried out experiments, a complexity of a choice of a fusion method of investigated images and an estimation of quality of such fusion are shown. Necessity of use of adaptive procedures is proved at a choice of a fusion method of approximating and detailing coefficients of wavelet expansion.

26-33

Authors: Ramesh S. Yevale1

An Instant search is said to be effective when it gives faster retrieval of answer set with minimum computational time. Fuzzy search needed for queries that are mistypes due to several reasons. Fuzzy search used to improve user search experiences by finding relevant answers with keywords similar to query keywords. We are using phrase threshold value which is used to limit the answer set generated by instant fuzzy search. For that main challenge is that to improve the speed of performance as well as minimize answer set to retrieval of desired documents for the user query. At the same time, we also need better ranking functions that consider the proximity of keywords to compute relevance scores. In this paper, we study how to compute proximity information into ranking in instant-fuzzy search while achieving efficient time and space complexities. A phrase base indexing technique is used to overcome the space and time limitations of these solutions, we propose an approach that focuses on common phrases and trie indices in the database. We study how to index these phrase threshold value and compare user threshold for effective answer set and develope an computational algorithm for efficiently segmenting a query into phrases and computing these phrases using algorithm to find relevant answers to the user query.

42-46

Authors: Shivamanth A., Pramod K. Kolase, Shama P S. Mayank K. Desai, Atul K. Desai

The lightweight deflectometer (LWD) is currently essential instrument for further characterization of soil and their properties like modulus of elasticity (E) and deflection values. There are a number of commercially available LWD designs that yield different deflection and elastic modulus values. This provides good data to prescribe target deflections and elastic modulus values during earthwork construction analyses, this result gives the proper design for the given location. This paper presents on detailed study of LWD instrument and some of the review papers. The influence of the accelerometer versus geophone, measurement of base plate versus ground surface, LWD rigidity, and applied load pulse were investigated through field-testing. Several Researchers have used stress sensors to measure in-situ stress levels from various loading conditions and devices are shown in literature revive. The use of a portable light weight deflectometer (LWD) for construction quality control and material investigation for earthworks and road construction. In the field of non-destructive testing of soil, the portable deflectometer devices have discovered , in the modern years, a wide use for in-situ assessment of elastic properties of soils, sub-grade and pavement foundations. The LWD- induced surface wave strain levels at a1m offset from the LWD were found to be on the order of 10.2 to 10.3% compared to the10.3 to 10.4% strain levels associated with conventional small hammer-induced surface waves. The measured low and high strain modulus compares well with published modulus reduction functions. The minimum LWD modulus value was obtained for sand-1, sand-2 and sand-3 layer, which was represents 19.0, 41.7 and 21.6 MPa respectively. The highest coefficient of variation was obtained for sand layers which goes up to 55.8% for sand-1 layer.

52-61

Authors: P. Deivanayagam1*, I. Malarvizhi1, S. Selvaraj1D.P. Rufus2

The inhibition efficiency of kingiodendron pinnatum leaves extract on Zinc in Natural Sea Water environment. It has been investigated on various concentrations of inhibitor as well as temperature by mass loss measurement. The observed results indicate that the percentage of inhibition efficiency is increased with increase of inhibitor concentration as well as temperature. Thermodynamic parameter viz (Ea, Qads, ∆Gads, ∆H and ∆S) suggests that the adsorption of inhibitor is chemisorptions, exothermic and Spontaneous process. The Corrosion product on the metal surface in the presence and absence of inhibitor is characterized by UV, FT-IR and SEM-EDX Spectral techniques.

74-81

Authors: Bhavik Panchal

To find method of detecting selfish and misbehaving node for providing better security in routing of adhoc network. First of all generate the adhoc network. In Adhoc network nodes are mobile so the network topology may change rapidly and unpredictably over time. The network is decentralized, where all network activity including discovering the topology and delivering routing messages is executed by the nodes themselves, so one or more of them may misbehave and disturb the network. The misbehavior or attack can be of many types. In the network the node can work in two ways by exhibiting selfishness or misbehaviour and cause disturb once in the network by using different type of attack. To identify or detecting malicious or selfish node Intrusion Detection System (IDS) system is developed. It has different architecture for to detect malicious or selfish node. One is Stand Alone architecture and other is Distributed and co-operative architecture. I will use Watch-Dog mechanism to detect selfish and misbehaving node that agree to forward packet but fails to do so. Path-rater is mechanism used for removing path from cache that contain malicious or selfish node.

95-107

Authors: Tushar G. More1, Pankaj B. Autade2 .

Pond ash is wastes and by-products of Thermal power plant, have been introduced into Indian concrete industry to conserve natural resources of ingredients of concrete. In India, most of the Thermal power plants adopt wet method of ash disposal. Pond ash is collected from Thermal power plant at the bottom, in that it contains significant amount of relatively coarser particles (spanning from 150 microns to 2.36 mm). Pond ash utilization helps to reduce the consumption of natural resources. Also it is help to solve the problem of disposal of Pond ash because it contains huge amount of chemical compounds such as SiO2, Al2O3 etc. These chemical compounds (SiO2, Al2O3) are plays an important role in hydration reaction and helps to produce bond between two adjacent particles. Use of Pond Ash in concrete is an important eco efficiency drive. It is necessary to find the exact suitable percentages of pond ash so that it is decided to use in varying percentage as 0%, 5% 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%. And to check the properties of fresh concrete and hardened concrete such as slump and compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength respectively. Also concrete plays an important role in long life period of structure so it is also important to check effect on durability by using sulphate attack, chloride ion penetration, drying shrinkage. Study shows the basic properties of Pond ash. It also compares these properties with natural sand. Partial replacement does not cause any adverse effect on properties of fresh concrete. The result shows that concrete giving good strength with partial replacement of fine aggregate. As well as Pond ash is the good if used as filler material in concrete. Thus, it is suitable to use pond ash as fine aggregate or partial replacement with natural sand.

113-119

Authors: Shital S. Biradar , Sushilkumar N. Holambe

Publish/Subscribe system is a system used for sharing data between the users of the system. Here we are considering content based Publish/Subscribe [9] System. In Content based Publish/Subscribe [9] System messages are routed according to the content of the message. This System can also be called as messaging System. This paper presents an approach to provide security in the publish/subscribe system by using the credentials of the user and it uses broker-less network for the dissemination of the message. Here we are providing identity based encryption [1] for the security purpose and message can be decrypted by only those subscribers who are having credentials with the message. In this system users are divided into two classes .The user can be Publisher of the system (who is providing information to the system in the form of messages or events) and second is subscriber (who is consuming information provided by the publisher according to their subscriptions). This paper presents mechanism for providing authentication, Confidentiality and Scalability.

125-132

Authors: Nikhil Roy1, Jeevan Jacob2

Safety in an inevitable factor to be considered in construction industry. Absence of safety measures can cause accidents in construction sites leading to injuries or even fatality. On the other hand, modern technologies have the potential to improve construction safety. In this context, the Objective of this study is to identify the construction safety issues and develop technical solutions for that. For the purpose, (1) extensive literatures survey was conducted to get insight into the problem and (2) questionnaire survey in construction sites was conducted to establish the major safety issues. Based on these studies solution concepts based on radio frequency identification (RFID) was proposed. Personal Protection Unit (PPU) checking system and a proximity alert system were developed using RFID and tested. Also a Building Information Modeling (BIM) based fall protection plan and a proactive safety plan to be submitted to authorities was developed.

144-147

Authors: Ajinkya Ingle, Anjali Kante, Shriya Samak, Anita Kumari

In today’s highly developed world, every minute, people around the globe express themselves via various platforms on the Web. And in each minute, a huge amount of unstructured data is generated. This data is in the form of text which is gathered from forums and social media websites. Such data is termed as big data. User opinions are related to a wide range of topics like politics, latest gadgets and products. These opinions can be mined using various technologies and are of utmost importance to make predictions or for one-to-one consumer marketing since they directly convey the viewpoint of the masses. Here we propose to analyse the sentiments of Twitter users through their tweets in order to extract what they think. Hence we are using hadoop for sentiment analysis which will process the huge amount of data on a hadoop cluster faster.

153-158

Authors: Manveer Joshi, Bikrampal Kaur

Internet of Things is an evolving concept with an ever increasing range of applications leading to development of new technologies and methods for the development of IoT environment. A smart home is one such application of IoT. In this paper a framework for smart home is proposed using Constrained Application Protocol which provides a method to control sensors and actuators remotely over the Internet. An application using Constrained Application Protocol is developed to demonstrate the smart home concept by incorporating light, temperature and humidity sensors. The application is developed using Contiki and simulated with the help of Cooja simulator. Also an experimental evaluation of the suitable medium access layer protocol and radio duty cycle protocol for smart home infrastructure.

181-190

Authors: Anupam Mourya1, Rajesh kumar2, Sanjeev Kumar3

The objective of this paper is to study the load frequency control problem associated in two-area electrical power systems. In the present work some attention is given to single area power system, but the main emphasis is on the two area interconnected electrical power system. At first uncontrolled system is studied and then improvement of its response is learnt on the application of integral controller and PSO. All the study is done using MATLAB software both in SIMULINK and Workspace windows. By comparing the simulation of PSO based controller and workspace controller results obtained. By using matlab Software, a good agreement between these results is obtained. Thus the response of PSO controller is suitable than response of other controllers available

197-202

Authors: Rajesh Velpula

Superconducting fault-current limiters (SFCLs) have been the subject of research and development for many years and offer an attractive solution to the problem of rising fault levels in electrical distribution systems. SFCLs can greatly reduce fault currents and the damage at the point of fault, and help improve the stability of a power system. The resistance of an SFCL should be chosen to limit fault currents as much as possible. Not only does this benefit an electrical system through reduction in the potentially damaging effects of high fault currents, which is the primary purpose of the SFCL, but increasing the limitation of fault currents also has a consequence of shortening the recovery time of the SFCL by reducing the energy dissipated in the resistance of the SFCL. Superconducting fault-current limiters (SFCL) provide a new efficient approach to the reliable handling of such faults.(SCFLs) can be used for various nominal voltages and currents, and can be adapted to particular limiting characteristics in case of short circuits. Electrical equipment that controls high fault currents can increase the security of the network and allow power equipment to be designed more cost effectively. SFCL allows electrical interconnections of existing systems, which would not be possible without limiters .Finally, the SFCL is introduced in the higher capacity system. Thus, it is revealed that the outstanding current limiting performance of SFCL can be used to limit the fault to the level of the existing switchgear.

215-218

Authors: Samira Nigrel[1], Asmita Patil[2], Pratiksha Bharmal[3], Jagruti Kadam[4], Jagruti Babaria[5]

— With the large number of companies using the Internet to distribute and collect information, knowledge discovery on the web or web mining has become an important research area. Basically data mining techniques are used in web mining. Web mining is extended version of data mining. Data mining is work upon Off Line whereas Web mining is work upon On-Line. In data mining data is stored in (database) data warehouse and in web mining data is stored in server database & web log. The expansion of the World Wide Web (Web for short) has resulted in a large amount of data that is now in general freely available for user access. The different types of data have to be managed and organized in such a way that they can be accessed by different users efficiently. Therefore, the application of data mining techniques on the Web is now the focus of an increasing number of researchers. Several data mining methods are used to discover the hidden information in the Web. However, Web mining does not only mean applying data mining techniques to the data stored in the Web. The algorithms have to be modified such that they better suit the demands of the Web. Web mining can be divided into three areas, namely web content mining, web structure mining and web usage mining (also called web log mining).Web content mining focuses on discovery of information stored on the Internet, i.e., the various search engines. Web content mining is the process of extracting useful information from the contents of web documents. Content data is the collection of facts a web page is designed to contain. It may consist of text, images, audio, video, or structured records such as lists and tables. Application of text mining to web content has been the most widely researched. Issues addressed in text mining include topic discovery and tracking, extracting association patterns, clustering of web documents and classification of web pages. Research activities on this topic have drawn heavily on techniques developed in other disciplines such as Information Retrieval (IR) and Natural Language Processing (NLP). While there exists a significant body of work in extracting knowledge from images in the fields of image processing and computer vision, the application of these techniques to web content mining has been limited. Web structure mining can be used when improving the structural design of a website. The structure of a typical web graph consists of web pages as nodes, and hyperlinks as edges connecting related pages. Web structure mining is the process of discovering structure information from the web. This can be further divided into two kinds based on the kind of structure information used.

231-236

Authors: 1Dr.S.Mohan Kumar ME [CSE]., Ph.D[CSE]., 2Prof. Karthikayini.T BE [CSE}., ME[CSE].,

Best practices and processes in higher educational technical institutions are at most important and so much in demand. Enforcing the good practices and processes will lead and ensure the Quality assurance in Educational System. Establishing the Quality Assurance system is most expected practice and process in higher educational technical institutions. QAS should be formulated for monitoring the quality parameters in higher educational institutions. The National Assessment Accreditation Committee and National Board of Accreditation recommends for formulating various committees to effectively implement, monitor and control the Quality. The Medical checkup is essential for any person after certain age to self evaluate their own physical and mental performance and position, Likewise all the higher educational technical institutions should conduct academic audit to evaluate and identify their academic and administrative performances, and also strengths and weaknesses. The audit reports will express the status that where we are and finding solutions or initiating improvement activity will facilitate the Quality assurance for our higher educational institutions. Best practices and processes should be adopted and implemented properly to achieve the quality education. In this paper few best practices adopted and measurable results achieved are presented briefly.

242-249

Authors: Kuldeep.K.Jagtap1, Dhananjay.R.Dolas2

Vehicle suspension design includes a number of compromises to provide good leveling of stability and ride comfort. Suspension system has to perform complexity requirements, which includes road holding and equality, driving pleasure, riding comfort to occupant. Riding pleasure depends on vertical acceleration, with main objective to minimize vertical acceleration. In this work, the geometric parameters of suspension system are optimized using Matlab as an optimization tool. The values of tire deflection reduced from 0.023 to 0.021 m and Seat acceleration reduced from 34.19 to 31.86 m/s2.

257-265

Authors: Udagandla Lokesh1 B.Krishna Sagar2

With the spread of services related to cloud environment, it is tiresome and time consuming for users to look for the appropriate service that meet with their needs. Therefore, finding a valid and reliable service is essential. However, in case a single cloud service cannot fulfil every user requirements, a composition of cloud services is needed. In addition, the need to treat uncertainty in cloud service discovery and composition induces a lot of concerns in order to minimize the risk. Risk includes some sort of either loss or damage which is possible to be received by a target (i.e., the environment, cloud providers or customers). In this paper, we will focus on the uncertainty application for cloud service discovery and composition. A set of existing approaches in literature are reviewed and categorized according to the risk modeling.

269-277

Authors: P.shiva kumar 1, P.Balamurali2, Ch.Ravikumar3

To extract maximum energy from the photovoltaic(PV) systems maximum power point tracking (mppt )technique in conjunction with power electronic circuits is used .Because of low maintenance, suitable for all climates and wide power range photovoltaic power generation has become more important, main disadvantages in PV systems are high initial cost and low energy conversion efficiency .To improve energy efficiency it is required to run PV system always at maximum power point .so ,far different methods are proposed by researchers for extracting maximum power. This paper presents detail implementation of perturb and observe mppt using buck and buck –boost converters. Some results such as current voltage output power for each various combinations have been recorded. From the results it is observed that perturb and observe mppt conjunction with buck converter has less power loss from panel side to converter side out of all other converters . The simulation has been accomplished in software MATLAB math work

303-313

Authors: 1B. O. Omijeh and 2 E. Vurebel

In this paper, the Simulated Design of Channel Noise Reduction Model for effective Communication has been achieved. It is the comparative study of noise reduction technique using Simulink in Matlab work environment.The study is based on simulation of noise behavior in communications channel by varying the input parameters (Message Signal Amplitude, Noise Power, Input Power of Channel and Signal to Noise Ratio(SNR)); and the output:signal (strength and noise amplification) and measurements taken. The ODE3 (Bogacki-Shampine) solver with fixed step was used to model simple sine wave function for the message signal and Band-limited White Noise as the source. The signals were passed through the Additive White Gaussian Noise Channel and the parameters varied. The output signal was connected to a display block and scope for proper measurement. Again, Gaussian filter was introduced at the output of the channel for noise filtration and reduction; and a gain block added to improve the signal output. Transitional delay was also added to smooth out the final signal output. The results obtained from the measurement confirm that introducing the Gaussian filter offers significant improvement in signal strength over communication channel

320-336

Authors: Hosny Abbas1*, Samir Shaheen2

The increased complexity and dynamism of present and future Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) enforce the need for considering both of their static (design-time) and the dynamic (run-time) aspects. A type of balance between the two aspects can definitely give better results related to system stability and adaptivity. MAS organization is the research area that is concerned with these issues and it is currently a very active and interesting research area. Designing a MAS with an initial organization and giving it the ability to dynamically reorganize to adapt the dynamic changes of its unpredictable and uncertain environment, is the feasible way to survive and to run effectively. Normally, MAS organization is tackled by what is called, MAS organizational models, which are concerned with the description (formally or informally) of the structural and dynamical aspects of agent organizations. This paper proposes a two-dimension space, called MOS-2, for positioning and assessing MAS organizational models based on two dimensions: their adopted engineering viewpoint (agent-centered or organization-centered) as the vertical dimension and the agents awareness/unawareness of the existence of the organizational level as the horizontal dimension. The MOS-2 space is applied for positioning a number of familiar organizational models. Its future trends and possible improvements are highlighted. They include the following, (1) adding Time as a dimension, (2) increasing the considered dimensions, (3) providing a quantitative approach for positioning MAS organizational models.

342-356

Authors: Dr. Amit chaudhary Chem. Dept., D.S. College, Aligarh

Kinetic measurement of the hydrolysis of di–5-chloro, 2-methyl aniline phosphate ester has been carried out in the acid range 0.1 to 6.0 mol. dm-3 HCl at 80 + 0.5 °C in 20% aqueous dioxane mixture. The inorganic phosphate obtained in overall hydrolysis has been estimated colorimetrically by Allen’s modified method [1]. The overall systematic ionic data proves the presence of acid catalysed hydrolysis. In the hydrolysis of diester conjugate acid, neutral and mononegative species have been found to be reactive, but in this discussion only conjugate acid species have been given. The first order rate coefficients have been calculated using integrated form of the corresponding rate equation. The rate coefficients estimated by the above equation are fairly in good agreement with experimentally observed rate. Arrhenius parameters, Linear free energy relationship etc. have been used to propose probable machanism. Temperature, solvent, substrate concentration effects etc. have been studied to find out the participation of water molecule, bond-fission and molecularity of the reaction.

370-374

Authors: Rishabh Shukla

A nested Gm-C compensated three stage Operational Amplifier is reviewed using gm/ID based approach. With the given specifications such as Gain, Phase Margin, Input common mode range and Unity gain frequency, operational amplifier has been designed in such a way that all the transistors are biased in moderate inversion. Spice simulations are carried out using TSMC 180 nm technology. The simulated results show agreement with the specification for 1.8 V supply.

382-396

Authors: Amrutha.K.M, Dr. Mahesh Pattabhiramaiah and Anusha.P.K

Wolbachia surface protein (WSP) is an eight beta-barrel, trans-membrane structure, which participates in host immune response, cell proliferation, pathogenicity and controlled cell death program. The current study employs the bio-informatics tool to unravel the structural and functional properties of the WSP infecting drosophila. The present study was focused on sequence analysis, insilico prediction of the secondary and tertiary structure of wsp sequence. Sequence analysis and physiochemical properties revealed that this protein is highly stable, negatively charged and having more hydrophobic regions. SOPMA was used to predict secondary structure of wsp, which revealed that the protein contains more of random coils and extended strands than alpha helix and beta sheets. SVM prot analysis revealed the functionality of protein including the details of metal binding sites. Multiple sequence alignment was performed using MUSCLE server which revealed highly conserved regions. The RNA structure was predicted by using Genebee service software, a set of homologous sequences as the stems with their free energy. The protein orientation and trans-membrane region was predicted using TMpred, which will be useful for drug designing. The predicted 3D model was analyzed using Swiss Model which will be helpful for further structure based studies.

408-412

Authors: 1V. Harikrishna, 2 K. Sathish Kumar

A novel switched-capacitor-based cascaded multilevel inverter is proposed in this paper, which is constructed by a switched-capacitor frontend and H-Bridge backend. Through the conversion of series and parallel connections, the switched capacitor frontend increases the number of voltage levels. The output harmonics and the component counter can be significantly reduced by the increasing number of voltage levels. Phase opposition disposition technique is used as multicarrier modulation. The circuit topology with intended control strategy is examined for voltages, currents and THD of the system. The proposed system with POD PWM technique is implemented on MATLAB/SIMULINK model design for analysis that confirms the feasibility of proposed multilevel inverter.

420-441

Authors: A Animhons1*, D. Nirmalkumar2, A. Johnsree3

The analysis of scramjet engine is a well-known problem when compared to other engine simulations. I intend to analyze the scramjet engine using the software package Fluent – Gambit. This analysis describes the flow field through the scramjet engine. The engine is modeled using Gambit and imported to Fluent. The boundary conditions are specified accordingly to simulate cold flow conditions. In this context, an attempt has been made to investigate the flow field and analyze the graphical results obtained using Fluent. Here, the computation has been carried out at supersonic speed to solve the flow field variable. The results are obtaining in graphical format for temperature, velocity, pressure and Mach number variation along length of the engine. The analysis is intended for various inlet Mach no (2, 3 and 4) conditions. The results will be further sharpened by refining grid and by using various viscous models. Fluent is a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software package to simulate fluid problems. It uses the finite-volume method to solve the governing equations for a fluid. It provides the capability to use different physical models such as incompressible or compressible, in viscid or viscous, laminar or turbulent, etc. Geometry and grid generation is done by using Gambit which is the preprocessor bundled with Fluent. Modeling, meshing and solutions of flow variable around the complex geometry have been solved using this software. The various features of the preprocessor, solver and postprocessor of the software are being highlighted in below analysis.

462-470

Authors: Dipti Thakur, Sagar Singh Rathore

In the transmission of any signal it is often contaminated with different noises. ECG (electrocardiograph) is the measure of electrical activity of heart and it is used for the diagnosing cardiac diseases, but before the analysis of this ECG signal we have to denoise these signals properly. since ECG is non-stationary signal, wavelet based denoising of ECG signal is considered along with it for simplicity of filters, FIR filters are used and performance of both is compared in terms of signal to noise ratio, time elapsing.

478-492

Authors: NYIRABUHORO Pascaline, MUGERWA Theophile*, NDIKUMANA Jean de Dieu, MUNGANYINKA Jeanne Pauline, NDAYISHIMIYE Jean Claude, UWAMUNGU Placide

Textural analysis carried out for the sediments of the Nayakkankuppam coast revealed that inlet part is dominated by fine sand, central part is dominated by medium sand and outlet part is dominated by coarse sand. The grain size parameters namely Mean size (MZ), standard deviation (σ1), skewness(Ski), and kurtosis (KG) of percentile values derived from the cumulative curves following Folk and Ward and the moment technique based upon grouped data are most widely used. It is observed that in Nayakkankuppam, most of the samples were fallen in the moderately well sorted to well sorted nature. Skewness measures asymmetry of frequency distribution and marks the position of mean with respect to median. The fine skewed nature of the sediments clearly exhibits sediment input from various sources of tributaries. The finely skewed nature is also implies a low velocity than normal, this skewness data indicated that the sediments are nearly symmetrical to fine skewed, the median class of the sediments dominate almost throughout their distribution. The kurtosis data indicated Mesokurtic to platykurtic. The CM pattern divulged that the sediments were transported bottom suspension and rolling as well as graded suspension. The comparison with the tractive current diagram, the berm samples fall in beach environment, the remaining samples fall in beach and tractive current environment.478

496-502

Authors: Sivakumar P.1, Kanagappan M.2 and Sam Manohar Das S.3

The present study in raw tannery effluent is to investigate the biochemical parameters in the gill, muscle and liver of Danio rerio. The study is conducted to determine the carbohydrate, protein and lipid content in the muscle, liver and gills of Danio rerio exposed to sublethal concentration of tannery effluent for 45 and 90 days. The results showed significant decrease in the carbohydrate, protein and lipid content levels in exposed fish, Danio rerio after 45 and 90 days exposure when compared with control, it was concluded that the effect of the presence of toxic substance in the tannery effluent on different organs act differently depending on the duration of exposure time.

514-524

Authors: Manu Isaac Yaw1, Asiedu Emmanuel2, Yalley Peter P. K.3, Denutsui K. Senyo2

Indiscriminate disposal of cocoa pod husks has been a threat to the environment especially in cocoa growing communities thus the need to explore alternative ways of utilizing this waste product. This paper examined the suitability of CPHA as a stabilizer in the production of stabilized earth bricks. Laboratory experiments were conducted on compressed earth bricks to investigate the effects of the CPHA on their compressive strength, dry density, abrasion resistance and water absorption characteristics. The earth bricks were moulded with different percentages of Cocoa Pod Husk Ash consisting of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. Using a mould dimension of 200mm x 100mm x 75mm, earth bricks were manually casted and cured for 28 days. Data results showed remarkable improvement in all the properties studied on the earth bricks but varied depending on the ash content. The study also revealed that cocoa pod husk ash can be used as a stabilizer in the production of earth bricks especially when the Cocoa pod husk ash content is 10% by weight as higher ash contents slightly decline the engineering properties.

528-540

Authors: Natalya Kumar

Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) is a widespread infectious disease caused by various strains of mycobacteria, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is spread through the air by a person suffering from TB and typically attacks the lungs. A single patient can infect 10 or more people in a year. More people in the developing world contract tuberculosis because of a poor immune system. India has the highest burden of TB in the world, an estimated 2 million cases annually, and accounting for approximately one fifth of the global incidence. It is also estimated by the World Health Organization (WHO) that 300,000 people die from TB each year in India. Eighty per cent of TB patients are in the economically most productive years of their lives. The purpose of the current work is to analyze the TB case notification statistics for India and the Treatment Outcomes of Notified TB Cases to make future predictions. Estimating Tuberculosis disease burden is important for planning, monitoring and evaluating the TB control programme.

547-555

Authors: Pritimanjari Sahu#1, Prof. P. K. Das*2

Transient response of one dimensional advective dispersive transport problem to approach from unsteady to steady state is determined. Explicit Finite-Difference numerical technique is used to find the numerical solution of transport equations. Also MATLAB code is developed for the numerical solution. The effect of different parameter changes with respect to spatial distribution at a particular time has been compared and time required from unsteady to steady state with respective parameter change is determined. As dispersion coefficient and decay constant enhances, the concentration of solute enhances but time required to approach from unsteady to steady state enhances in case of dispersion coefficient where as reduces in case of decay constant. Also as velocity enhances, the solute concentration enhances and time of approach reduces. Effect of Peclet number on solute concentration with respect to spatial and temporal variation also analyzed.

561-566

Authors: Ms. Minal S.Sonmale1, Prof. Rajaram H.Ambole2

Twitter has allowed millions of users to share and spread most up-to-date information which results into large volume of data generated every day. Due to extremely useful business information obtained from these tweets, it is necessary to understand tweets language for downstream applications, such as Named Entity Recognition (NER). Real time applications like Traffic detection system, Early crisis detection and response with target twitter stream required good NER system, which automatically find emerging named entities that are potentially linked to the crisis and traffic, but tweets are infamous for their error-prone and short nature. This leads to failure of much conventional NER techniques, which heavily depend on local linguistic features, such as capitalization, POS tags of previous words etc. Recently segment-based tweet representation has showed effectiveness in NER.The goal of this survey is to provide a comprehensive review of NER system over twitter data and different NER approaches to improve their effectiveness in named entity recognition applications.

571-577

Authors: Kusuma J, Dr. K N Narasimha Murthy

Medical Image fusion is a process of combining multiple images of same or different imaging modalities into single image to increase the information content in the image and also to reduce the randomness and redundancy which will be used for clinical applicability. The multi-modal fusion of medical images has shown notable achievements in clinical accuracy. This survey provides listing of different imaging modalities, fusion algorithms, performance metrics and the proposed method. A new technique called Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) method on Shearlet Transform (ST) is proposed to improve the information content of an image by fusing images like Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) images. Initially source image is transformed into shearlet-image by using ST. Then SVD model is used in low-pass sub-band and modified selected sub-bands as per their local characteristics. The compositions of different high-pass sub-band coefficients are processed by ST decomposition. Then the high and the low sub-band are fused. Finally, Inverse Shearlet Transform (IST) is used to reconstruct the fused image.

583-590

Authors: D.Sagar kumar1, D.Vijaya kumar2

This paper proposes to solve this issue using a voltage controlled converter that behaves as a shunt controller, improving the voltage quality in case of small voltage dips and in the presence of nonlinear loads. Shunt controllers can be used as a static var generator for stabilizing and improving the voltage profile in power systems and to compensate current harmonics and unbalanced load current. This paper presents a single-phase PV system that provides grid voltage support and compensation of harmonic distortion at the point of common coupling thanks to a repetitive controller. In this paper, the PV inverter not only supplies the power produced by the PV panels but also improves the voltage profile. The presented topology adopts a repetitive controller that is able to compensate the selected harmonics. Among the most recent Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms, an algorithm based on the incremental conductance method has been chosen. It has been modified in order to take into account power oscillations on the PV side, and it controls the phase of the PV inverter voltage. The designed PV system provides grid voltage support at fundamental frequency and compensation of harmonic distortion at the point of common coupling. An inductance is added on the grid side in order to make the grid mainly inductive.

606-609

Authors: Mrs. Komal Jagdale¹, Prof. Asha Pawar²

Data owner outsource the data due to cost reduction and poor management to the cloud which provide data as a service. Data owner then lose control over the data, because cloud service provider becomes a third party provider. Traditionally, data owner encrypt the data and export it to the cloud seems a good approach. But it has some drawbacks like decryption computation overhead, revocation of user and privacy preserving. A secure and flexible attribute-based broadcast encryption (EP-ABBE), which reduce the decryption computation overhead by partial decryption, and protect user privacy. Based on EP-ABBE, efficient and privacy preserving data sharing scheme in cloud computing was presented, where data owner can flexibly encrypt the data using access policy and implicit user index set. User revocation can be achieved by dropping revoked user’s index from the user index set, with very low computation cost and the privacy of user can be protected.

618-632

Authors: Anu Tonk

This paper presents phase frequency detectors (PFDs) with the five different designs which are Standard gate based logic, DCVSL, TSPC logic, CML logic and Modified CML logic The simulation results are focused on accounting the frequency operation of PFDs considering an input frequency of 100 MHZ .The PFDs have been designed using 0.35μm CMOS technology on SPICE simulator with 3.3V supply voltage. All PFDs are designed to be dead zone free. Results reported in the paper compare and concentrate on fast frequency operation, a low output noise, dead zone and power dissipation. When compared to all the logics S_PFD consumes least power, the minimum delay is experienced by TSPC_PFD and Modified CML_PFD. DCVSL_PFD observes the least output noise.

640-643

Authors: Dr. K. BALAJI, M.E, Ph. D*, V. KRISHNARAJ**

The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using a Granular activated carbon-biofilm configured anaerobic fluidized bed reactor for treating textile dye effluent Textile dye effluent may include many types of dyes, detergents, insecticides, pesticides, grease ,oils, sulphide compounds, solvents, heavy metals, inorganic salts, and fibers. In amounts depending on the processing regime. Color removal of effluent from the textile dyeing and finishing operation is becoming important because of environmental concerns. Various physico-chemical, biological processes and usually a combination of processes are applied to treat them to meet regulatory discharge limits. In this study combination of adsorption and biodegradation of textile dye effluent in anaerobic fluidized bed reactor was tried to study the performance of the designed reactor for treating textile dye effluent.

654-667

Authors: Nguyen Thi Thanh Loan

Nowadays, besides the economic development, public health and health activities are concerned. In Vietnam, the number of hospitals and treatment requirements are increasing. Since 1997, the legal texts of hospital waste management are issued. Hospital operation is discharging a large amount of waste types, when not managed and handled efficiently, causing serious environmental pollution, effects on the patients, people living around the hospital. Thu Duc District Hospital is one of the major hospitals, in particular of Thu Duc District, in genetal of Ho Chi Minh City. The number of patient visiting for healthcare is increasing to 2,466 times/date. However, environmental management in the hospital has many drawbacks. This study assessed the hospital’s medical waste management status quo (solid, liquid and gas emissions). Results showed that: the coordination in waste management between the functional departments and among employees is not unified; staff’s awareness is not prescribed; the arrangement of medical garbages, hazardous waste, handling systems are not scienctifical and hygiene; the loss of solid medical waste is difficult to control (1,470 kg solid medical waste/day); passive in handling medical waste by no private incinerator but for centralized processing city. The study proposed solutions included: infection control, hospital sanitation; management measures: the law, policies and measures for planning, building management systems and measures for classifying, collecting, transporting, storing waste, environmental economic measures; technical measures: waste water treatment systems, solid waste, hazardous waste and emissions.

677-682

Authors: Reena Shukla 1, Dr. Rajeswara Rao K.V.S 2

India has carved a name for itself as a globally renowned garment manufacturing center for its durability, quality and beauty. The textile and garment industry contributes about 14% to industrial production, 5% to GDP and 11% to the country’s export earnings. This sector also provides employment to about 45 million people. However, various studies quote that India’s success in the global garments market has been at the cost of the basic rights of labor force especially the females and migrants. Karnataka is a major apparel sourcing destination for the global market. The garment industries in Karnataka are concentrated mostly in Bengaluru where some of the largest export houses of the country exist. From the systematic review of literature and interactions with the industry experts, it was understood that the work environment in a majority of the garment manufacturing industries is unsafe and unhealthy. The workstations are poorly designed with unsuitable furniture, lack of ventilation, inappropriate lighting, and excessive noise. This poor working environment adversely influences the performance of the workers which in turn reduces the productivity of the manufacturing units. This work deliberates on the environmental audit carried out in several sections of the garment industry to see if the working environment is favorable to the workers. Environmental parameters such as noise level, illumination and temperature were measured using instruments such as sound level meter, luxmeter and hand held thermometer and were compared against OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) standards. The study revealed that the workstations were designed with congested work area, poor illumination, high temperature, improper ventilation. Hence appropriate intervention strategies have been suggested to improve health, safety and comfort of people in the working environment.

691-698

Authors: Mr. Avinash S. Patil1, Prof. Atul V. Kulkarni2, Dr.V. B.. Pansare3

Many heat transfer enhanced techniques have simultaneously been developed for the improvement of energy consumption, material saving, size reduction and pumping power reduction. The effect of divergent channels is a good way to promote the flow mixing in channel flow. When if we use divergent channel then we get flow difference means low pressure drop it is also called pressure recovery. By using bump in the divergent channel it can help us to increase the heat transfer enhancement and bump surface present the highest performance of the heat transfer enhancement. The bump surface act as extended surface (fin surface) and the main purpose of extended surface to increase the heat transfer rate. The advantages of the divergent channel with internal Bumps are fluid mixing is more as compared to cylindrical pipe, pressure drop is less and boundary layer separation occurs as well as the heat transfer coefficient increases 25 to 35 % as compare to plain divergent channel. where inserts are used in the flow passage to intensify the heat transfer rate, are advantageous compared with active techniques, because the insert manufacturing process is simple and these techniques can be easily employed in an existing heat exchanger.

714-719

Authors: Merlin Jose1, Aji Joy2

This paper presents a design and implementation of new smart home system that uses Wifi technology as a networking solution connecting its parts. With the development of ubiquitous computing, smart home services will no longer be limited within the house limits, but also the extends throughout the geographical constraint, and the service will support the activities of each and every member of house even out of home. The proposed system consists of three main parts- Intelligent monitoring and control module, web server and control device. Using the system user can monitor the status of smart appliances, control the power status of smart appliances, and control the device status according to the particular device configurations. By the control device (smart phone) with Wi-Fi, the user can control the working status of smart appliances. The system consists of a Web-server based on PHP, intelligent monitoring modules using an LPC1769 and the Android compatible Smart phone app. The proposed system is extendable since it allows configuration of new devices.

729-735

Authors: P R Pavani,Mohammad Mohasinul Huq N

The dynamic power dissipation in the NOC is mainly due to coupling effects between on chip interconnections in deep submicron VLSI designs. Coupling effect between the interconnections not only enhances power-delay product but also decreases the signal to noise ratio and increases signal distortion due to cross talk noise obtained by capacitance and inductance.as technology shrinks the power consumption in NOC links is start compete with the NOC routers. In this paper we proposed flit inversion techniques which reduces both coupling activity in adjacent links and self-switching activity in particular data links. Before data enters into network interface we encode the data flit and decode at destination end of the NI.. From the result we get the reduction in power and energy consumption areup to 35% and 20%, without degradation of performance

744-747

Authors: Akhil Kanade, Sourabh Gune, Shubham Dharamkar, Rohan Gokhale

The main objective of developing this system is to present an automated way to generate the subtitles for audio and video. By replacing the tedious method of the current system will save time, reduce the amount of work the administration has to do and will generate the subtitles automatically with electronic apparatus. This system will first extract the audio, then recognise the extracted audio with the available speech recognition API. Later the recognized audio is converted to the text and saved in text file having extension “.srt”. Later on, this “.srt” file can be opened in a media player to view the subtitles along with video.

761-769

Authors: Purnendu K Dash,

A subframe is a structural component of vehicle, that uses a discrete, separate structure within a larger body-on-frame or unit body to carry certain components, such as engine, drive train and / or suspension. The subframe is bolted and or welded to form a single assembly, which is bolted to the vehicle frame or cabin structure. The principal purposes of using a subframe are, to spread high chassis loads over a wide area of relatively thin sheet metal of body shell, and to isolate vibration and harshness from the rest of the body. Weight optimized design of subframe has many distinguished advantages. Since, it carries load of engine, suspension and steering components of the vehicle, it has to be designed for least weight, but without compromising the strength. It requires thorough study of current design, areas of failure and key design considerations. Care should be taken while design to understand properties of material and its suitability for various production methods. A technical study needs to be done to derive most cost-efficient concept. The motive behind the project is to optimize subframe for commercial vehicle application. Optimization has to be done in terms of material selection, no of parts selection, manufacturing process of individual parts as well as assembly so as to reduce the overall weight to a minimum value by extensive use of finite element method.

779-786

Authors: Christabel Rebello, Marshall Pereira, Roysten Rodrigues, Aarti Gokul

Robots are devices that mimic the appearance of a natural being. These robots interact with people directly. Thus making the interface user friendly .The early device was mainly based for navigation and controlling robot without any natural medium .To expedite a practical solution to this requirement we have implemented a system in which we will send commands to the robot using hand gesture method and we have also included an edge avoiding technique. With the help of this method the user can control the robot with his fingers. The image processing technique is used for capturing these commands. Thus making the robot move in required direction

800-809

Authors: #Ramesh Chand Meena, *Mahesh Bundele

IPv4 addresses are already depleted in Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) and have exhausted in Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) while more clients are continuously adding into the Internet. IPv6, as the only available next generation Internet protocol, is still not commercially successful accepted because a scheme that could solve the migration of IPv4 resources to IPv6 network, as well as mutual communication between the two incompatible protocols, has not been fully developed and deployed. Translation solution provides a proper approach to address this problem. In this review paper, we reviewed research papers presented by the researchers between 2007 and 2015 related to IPv4 & IPv6 resource migration and protocol transition schemes and observed issues related network security, addressing and error detection in the implementation of IPv6.

818-824

Authors: A.Vijayalakshmi, Dr.S.Babu

— Reasoning on a Web scale becomes increasingly challenging because of the large volume of data involved and the complexity of the task by means of ontology mapping. Ontology mapping processes users’ queries that can provide more correct results when the mapping process can deal with the uncertainty effect that is caused by the incomplete and inconsistent information used and produced by the mapping process. Here, an IDIM concept is used to deal with large-scale incremental RDF datasets. Resource Description Framework (RDF) is an important data, presenting standard of the semantic web to process the increasing RDF data. MapReduce is a widely-used parallel programming model that can be used to represent uncertain similarities created by both syntactic and semantic similarity algorithms. The proposed One-Class Clustering Tree (OCCT) characterizes the entities that should be linked together. The construction of TIF and EAT significantly reduces the re-computation time for the incremental inference as well as the storage for RDF triples. Therefore, users can execute their query more efficiently without computing and searching over the entire RDF closure used in the prior work. The final results are evaluated by comparing it against benchmark models in web information gathering.

831-837

Authors: Mr. Krishna Sharma*, Mr. Pranav Salunke

Pressure drop is predicted across the orifice when atmospheric air is flowing through it at different flow rate. For this purpose MATLAB code is created. Experimental data of pressure drop is compared with the output of MATLAB code. Values of experimental and calculated pressure drop are nearly same. This MATLAB code is useful to predict the pressure drop. To analyze the flow through orifice ANSYS FLUENT is used for CFD analysis. k-epsilon model is used to simulate turbulence flow in axisymmetric orifice. CFD results demonstrate the following parameters: axial velocity profile, static pressure, and contour of velocity inside the orifice. Numerical result matches with experimental one.

846-849

Authors: Ambuj, Nishant Anand

In this thesis work we have suggested offline recognition of isolated handwritten characters of Gurmukhi script. We have also prolonged the work by applying the same methodology to recognize handwritten Gurmukhi numerals. In our work we have considered 35 fundamental characters of Gurmukhi script all assumed to be isolated and bearing header lines on top to recognize. In numerals, handwritten elements of ten digits from different writers are considered. Gurmukhi numerals using three characteristic sets and three classifiers. Among three characteristic sets, first characteristic set is comprised of distance profiles having 128 characteristic . Second characteristic set is comprised of different types of projection histograms having 190 characteristic. Third characteristic set is comprised of zonal density and Background Directional Distribution forming 144 features. The three classifiers used are:- SVM , PNN & K-NN The SVM classifier is used with Radial Basis Function kernel. We have observed the 5-fold cross verification accuracy in the case of each characteristic set and classifier. We have obtained the optimized result with each combination of characteristic set and classifier by adjusting the different limits. The results are compared and trends of result in each combination of characteristic set and classifier with varying limits is also discussed. With PNN and K-NN the highest results are obtained using third characteristic set as 98.33% and 98.51% respectively while with SVM the highest result is obtained using second characteristic set as 99.2%. The results with SVM for all characteristic sets are higher than the output with PNN & K-NN.

855-861

Authors: Chaitany Maccha1, K.S.Mangrulkar2

Cylindrical components have many applications in aircraft design. These structural components are subjected to cyclic stresses, which can cause damage and premature failure by fatigue crack growth. As it is well known, the design of engineering components in the past was only based on the S-N curves and did not consider the crack initiation and crack growth phases to predict life. The stress intensity factors of surface notch on circular bar have been evaluated by singular element with detailed mesh on crack front and appropriating adjacent area. The attention is focused on a circular bar with notch surface crack under tension load. Stress intensity factors (SIF) are considered using the finite element method. For that purpose a straight round bar under tension is investigated. The stress intensity factors are calculated for various dimensions of surface cracks. Using the derived analytic formulae for the stress intensity factor based on the FEA, a crack growth analysis is carried out.

873-897

Authors: Preeti Jain*

An exact analysis of heat transfer accompanied by mass transfer flow of a Casson fluid past an exponentially accelerated infinite vertical plate with Newtonian heating in the presence of radiation is presented here. The governing coupled linear partial differential equations are transformed into linear ordinary differential equations by using non-dimensional variables. The resulting equations have been solved analytically using Laplace-transform technique. Closed form solutions are obtained for velocity, temperature and concentration profiles for different governing parameters. The paper intends to show unique results for a combination of heat transfer and chemical reaction in a Casson fluid flow. Expressions for shear stress in terms of Skin friction, the rate of heat transfer in terms of Nusselt number and mass transfer in terms of Sherwood number are also obtained. All the numerical results with various values of embedded flow parameters are analyzed graphically and their physical aspects are discussed in detail.

910-915

Authors: Amruta Chore, Akanksha Goel, Mily Lal

Nowadays, Low power designs is a very hot topic in electronic systems. The high speed and low power dissipation required in multigigahertz communication systems such as wireless products and optical data links offered by Deep submicron CMOS technologies. Very-large-scale integration (VLSI) is the process of mounting thousands of transistors on single chip called as integrated chip. Power is way of measuring how fast a function can be carried out. Accuracy and efficiency in power estimation involved in the design phase is important in order to meet power specifications without high cost redesign process. This paper presents the comparison of design and simulation of an chip layout of fractional –N phase locked loop for wireless application using45nm and 32nm VLSI technology. This is a comparison of fractional N-PLL based on latest 45nm and 32nm technology. It offers high speed performance at low power. Sigma delta modulator and low pass filter and improves the performance of the system. Phase locked loop (PLL) represents the leading method in the wireless communications system among variety of frequency synthesis techniques.

922-928

Authors: V. D. Sharma1 and A. N. Rangari2

During the last decade or so there have been significant generalizations of the idea of integral transforms. Many new uses of the transform method in engineering and physics applications are found. Some of these new applications have prompted the development of very specialized transforms, their roots, knowledge of the properties and uses of classical integral transforms, such as Fourier Transform and Laplace transform and having considered that they are as important today they have been for the last century or so, they have been given a more extensive treatment. The main aim of this paper is to find the Fourier-Laplace transforms of some special functions and this will be used for solving various differential and integral equations.

936-943

Authors: 1Merin Sunny BE [EEE]., ME [EEE], 2Thanuja Mary Abraham BE [EEE]., ME [EEE]

The need for a bidirectional DC/DC converter in electric vehicles is studied. Here, a universal power electronic interface that can be used in any type of electric vehicles (EV), hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) is discussed. This power electronic converter interfaces the energy storage device of the vehicle with the motor drive and the charging unit. The fully directional converter is capable of working in buck or boost modes in any direction with a non-inverted output voltage. The output of the converter is improved with a feedback control loop. This is verified with MATLAB/SIMULINK (MATLAB version R2010a). Keywords— Electric vehicles (EV), Hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), energy storage device, bidirectional DC/DC converter.

950-956

Authors: Waqas Ahmed1, Muhammad Fayaz Khan2

searching for a parking space in Urban cities cause problems for drivers, especially during the peak business hours. The vehicle searching for available spaces at that time creates traffic congestion. Apart from frustration of drivers, vehicles looking for parking burn tons of fuel which result as environmental pollution. The most current parking systems are not fully equipped to overcome parking space problem and cause traffic congestion as well as the environmental pollution. We have designed and implemented prototype of smart Parking System to eliminate the issues in traditional parking system and convert the parking system into fully functional Smart parking system. This paper proposes an effective method to overcome these problems. We have implemented and designed a prototype of parking system. This prototype is divided into three main category Image processing, Control System, and Windows phone application. Windows phone parking application is being integrated in parking system to track the real time status of parking plaza and to increases the efficiency of this prototype. This app shows the real time status of parking system also allows drivers to find and reserve the vacant parking spaces by using smart phones as per their desire location.

965-972

Authors: Sony M (Mtech student) [EEE], Thomas Mathew [Associate Professor] EEE, Lakshmi Krishnan [Associate Professor] EEE

This paper presents a non-inverting buck-boost based power-factor-correction (PFC) converter. Unlike other conventional PFC converters, the proposed non-inverting buck-boost based PFC converter has both step-up and step-down conversion functionalities to provide positive DC output-voltage. Total harmonic distortion is reduced in boost mode of operation.