Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medical Research

6

Authors: Nishanbaev R. T., Takhirova R. N., Umarova M. S., Tashmetova B. R.

Introduction. The complicated pneumonia in children of early age remains serious problem for pediatrics, despite significant achievement in treatment and rehabilitation. Considerable progress was made recently in clinical and experimental membranology to understand pathogenesis of many diseases in children of early age, including pneumonia. Additional medical and rehabilitation measures were proposed. The cellular membranes contain glycocalyx. It is the external surface of erythrocytes’ membranes functioning as antigenic complex of ABO blood system. Our aim was to study the condition and structure of erythrocyte’s glycocalyx in children with complicated pneumonia regarding their blood group using the ABO system. Materials and methods. The children were divided into groups regarding their blood group. We analyzed the levels of hexoses and sialic acids in erythrocytes’ membranes of peripheral blood in children of early age with complicated pneumonia. Diagnosis of complicated out-of-hospital pneumonia was based on data of the anamnesis, objective examination, laboratory analyses and chest X-ray. The blood samples were collected from the peripheral vein on empty stomach in the morning during acute phase of disease. We used heparin (at dose 300 IU per 1 ml of blood) as anticoagulant. Glycoproteins were released from erythrocyte membranes by hyposmotic hemolysis. Quantitative determination of sialic acids was made by the Svennerholm's method; hexoses were detected by the antronic method. Measurement was made regarding to the blood group and clinical signs of extra pulmonary complications of pneumonia (1–2 day of hospitalization and the discharge day from the hospital). Statistical analyses were carried out using Microsoft Excel. Study results were processed using variation statistics methods and the Student’s-test. Discussion. The obtained results showed that certain therapeutic measures should be taken to stabilize glyxocalix of the erythrocytes’ membranes during complicated pneumonia in children of early age.

8

Authors: Shevchenko О. A., Dorogan S. B., Kaniuka H. S., Gubar I. A., Prunkevych О. G., Golovatenko M. К.

Introduction. After the Chernobyl accident radio-anxiety of the population remains one of the most acute psychosocial problems in Ukraine, especially in the regions where uranium is extracted and processed. Uranium raw material – basis of nuclear fuel for nuclear energy – has been processed in Zhovti Vody of Dnipropetrovsk region since 1950s. Zhovti Vody is a unique place. The city is surrounded with the uranium production facilities: the hydrometallurgical factory and the uranium waste tailing damp. Purpose. Our aim was to estimate perceived health status of Zhovti Vody citizens (population category «В») and the employees of the industrial complex «Eastern Mining Processing Plant» (MPP), who work with radiation sources daily (categories «A» and «B»). Materials and Methods. We checked the health status of average Zhovti Vody citizens (102) and industrial complex employees (104), who work with radiation sources daily. The samplings deferred only by the place of employment of respondents. The average age of respondents (M ± m) was 41.6 ± 0.9 years. The gender (р > 0.9) and age (р > 0.7) characteristics were similar for both groups. The applied research methods were developed and tested by the specialists of V. M. Bekhterev Psychoneurological Research Institute (Saint Petersburg). Discussion 1. According to the integral estimation of the perceived discomfort condition: the employees complained less of pain, but citizens who did not work in the industrial complex complained more. 2. Mental health of the population corresponds to the low (by anxiety and frustration indices) and middle assessment levels (on the constriction and aggressiveness scales). However, the employees of the industrial complex showed the lower degree of symptom expression. 3. The majority of population (88.3 %) showed the low level of social frustration regardless to the place of employment. 4. The correlation between physical and mental health statuses (anxiety, constriction, psychological and social frustration) confirmed interaction between pain and psychological symptoms. The employees of the industrial complex showed better estimation of perceived health status comparing with citizens, who work in other institutions. Thus, the employees of any industrial complexes normally express less radio-anxiety, because they work with radioactive sources daily.

8

Authors: Chemych M. D., Malysh N. H.

Salmonellosis and shigellosis are widespread intestinal diseases that bring significant economic blow. Polyetiology, a variety of modes of transmission, universal susceptibility, lack of persistent post-infectious immunity are factors that hinder efficiency of undertaken measures to reduce morbidity. We concluded a retrospective analysis of the incidence (2003–2012) to study the epidemic process of shigellosis and salmonellosis in Sumy region; and defined etiological structure. Besides, certain species of Salmonella were isolated from pathological material of animals and investigated. We employed the descriptive and analytical epidemiological research methods. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using the application package «Statistics for Windows», version 8.0. The incidence rate, dynamics of morbidity trends, Spearman coefficient correlation, and the coefficient of reliability were determined with statistical significance (p < 0.05). Nowadays there is a pronounced tendency to decrease the incidence of shigellosis and moderate growth trend incidence of salmonellosis in Sumy region. In the etiological structure of shigellosis and salmonellosis, S. sonnei (p < 0.05) and S. enteritidis (p < 0.05), are the most prevalent. Risk factors for shigellosis prevalence are contaminated drinking milk, dairy and cooked products. We point out strong to medium direct correlations between isolation frequency of samples, which do not meet sanitary-bacteriological standards, morbidity and the annual dynamics of shigellosis. The incidence of salmonellosis in the population corresponds to the epizootic situation. There is a significant direct correlation between the isolation frequency of S. typhimurium from pathological animal material and the pathogen from clinical material of patients. Neutralizing effect on food processing path should be the basis to prevent from shigellosis and salmonellosis nowadays. Considering importance of the housing conditions for animals in the epidemiology of salmonellosis, so preventive measures must be taken at the basic level of food processing chain; we should use high quality raw materials and meet technological transportation, storage and cooking requirements.

9

Authors: Ohienko M. M., Bumeister V. I.

In modern life trauma, along with cardiovascular and oncological diseases, is one of the three causes leading to mortality. Our aim was to study the reparative regeneration process in young animals (control group); in animals with stimulated severe degree of dehydration (experimental group) and general conditions to correct morphological changes of the injured tibiae caused by severe degree of dehydration (applying "SOLCOSERYL" drug). The experiment was conducted on young male rats aged 4 months, which were divided into 2 groups: control and experimental. The experimental group was subdivided into two subgroups: the rats with severe degree of dehydration (I) and the rats which underwent the corrective treatment of structural changes caused by severe degree of dehydration applying "SOLCOSERYL" drug (II). After 3 days there were changes in the cellular composition in the animals from the subgroup I. On the 15th day, severe hematoma were determined in the immature areas of granulation tissue. We observed that the area of fibroreticulate tissue increased, but the area of coarse-fibered bone tissue reduced by 15.48 % (p ≤ 0.0001) compared with the control group. After 15 days in the rats which underwent correction of structural change occured a positive tendency in histostructure: coarse-fibered bone tissue area decreased by 16.10 % (p ≤ 0.0001), and the plate – up to 14.33 % (p ≤ 0.0001) compared with animals with severe degree of dehydration. After 24 days the structure of the regenerates changed dramatically in the animals with severe degree of dehydration. For example, the area of coarse-fibered bone tissue increased up to 8.05 % (p ≤ 0.0001) and lamellar bone reduced by 22.82 % (p ≤ 0.0001) comparing with the control group. After 24 days firbroreticulate tissue was formed in the animals which underwent corrective treatment. There was more lamellar tissue in the animals which underwent corrective treatment comparing with the animals which had water imbalance, by 24.75 % (p ≤ 0.0001). Accoding to the histological investigation, the results demonstrated that severe dehydration did not change the order of reparative osteogenesis stages, but delayed the restoration of bones. Thus, the corrector had positive effect on the reparative osteogenesis. Applied "SOLCOSERYL" drug, as a corrector, eliminated negative dehydration and accelerated restructuring and maturation of bone structures.

9

Authors: Vynnychenko O. I.

Introduction. There are limited data concerning food transportation through the intrathoracic stomach used for esophageal replacement after resection. Bilateral truncal vagotomy and partial sympathectomy make the stomach transplant act as an inert tube; although, food moves only by gravitation force there. Purpose. After previous application of the basic physical and mathematical model of the intrathoracic stomach, I assumed that further assessment of the gastroplasty model width and diameter of pyloric canal should be performed. Materials and methods. The gastric tube models with the three different diameters of 30 mm (prototype is narrow gastric tube); 60 mm (prototype – wide gastric tube) and 90 mm (prototype – the whole stomach) were produced and connected to the three variants of pyloric canal model (3.5 mm vs 7.0 mm vs 14.0 mm). I calculated the transportation time through physical models for 250 ml of water and 50 % glycerin. I analyzed if additional negative chest pressure and positive intraabdominal pressure had effect on the liquids emptying time. Results. The obtained results showed that the time periods of water emptying for 90 mm gastric tube were 63.3 ± 2.0; 15.0 ± 1.3 and 3.4 ± 1.0 seconds for 3.5 mm; 7.0 mm and 14 mm pyloric canal models respectively; the time periods of water emptying for 60 mm gastric tube were 38.8 ± 1.1; 9.8 ± 0.8 and 2.4 ± 0.8 seconds for 3.5 mm; 7.0 mm and 14 mm pyloric canal models respectively; and the time periods of water emptying for 30 mm gastric tube were 19.7 ± 2.1; 5.3 ± 1.9 and 1.3 ± 0.8 seconds for 3.5 mm; 7.0 mm and 14 mm pyloric canal models respectively. The term of glycerin transportation was significantly higher comparing with water transportation through the model (3.2–3.4 odd). Additional negative chest pressure and positive intraabdominal pressure had no effect on the liquids evacuation time. Discussion: Emptying time equation for intrathoracic stomach model was calculated and compared with data obtained from physical model exploration. I assumed that the width stomach transplant defined the emptying time regardless fluid consistency. I emphasized on the necessity of wide gastric tube esophageal replacement and digital pyloric rupture at clinical setting.

9

Authors: Parkhomenko O. M., Dosenko V. Ye., Ataman O. V., Garbuzova V. Yu.

Introduction. Vitamin K-dependent γ-glutamylcarboxylase (GGCX) is the integral transmembrane protein, which catalyzes the posttranslational carboxylation of glutamic acid to γ-carboxyglutamic acid molecules in the vitamin K-dependent proteins that are synthesized in the liver (clotting factors II, VII, IX, X, protein S, C, and Z), and in other tissues (osteocalcin, protein S, Gas6 and four transmembrane proteins: PRGP1, PRGP2, TmG3, and TmG4). Taking into account importance of coagulant status in the development of coronary disorders, polymorphism of GGCX gene may be associated with them. The data in literature concerning these issues are limited and inconsistent, and absent for Slavic populations. Purpose. Our aim was to establish the frequency of allelic variants of the GGCX gene for Arg325Gln polymorphism in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), who has normal and high blood pressure. Materials and Methods. We used venous blood of 118 patients with ACS (22 % women and 78 % men) aged 40 to 73 years (mean age 55.9 ± 0.89 years) who were hospitalized in the cardiology department of Sumy City Clinical Hospital № 1. The control group consisted of 234 patients. Definition of Arg325Gln polymorphism (rs699664) of GGCX gene was performed using PCR with the following restriction fragment length analysis of the allocation of them by electrophoresis in agarose gel. Restriction endonuclease XmnI was used for restriction analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using the software package SPSS-17. Thus the significance of differences was determined by the χ2-criterion. The value of P < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results. Using the χ2-Pearson criterion did not reveal association between the Arg325Gln polymorphism of GGCX gene and the development of ACS. Distribution of different types of genotype between patients with ACS and healthy patients did not differ statistically significantly. However, using logistic regression led to the conclusion of the association of polymorphism of the 8th exon of the GGCX gene with acute coronary syndrome. In carriers of minor allele (Gln/Gln) ACS risk twice that of homozygotes for the major allele (Arg/Arg). The obtained data on the performance of systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), pulse (PBP) and average (ABP) blood pressure in patients in the control group and patients with ACS with different genotypes for the polymorphism Arg325G in GGCX gene indicated that all four types of BP did not differ in carriers of different genotypes inside the control group and in patients with ACS. A comparison between the groups revealed that for the studied polymorphism in members of Arg/Gln and Arg/Arg genotype and DBP and ABP values were significantly higher in patients with ACS than in control. A somewhat different pattern was revealed when the analysis was conducted among females. Women with ACS homozygotes for the minor allele (Gln/Gln), only DBP; in homozygotes for the major allele (Arg/Arg) DBP and ABP, while heterozygotes (Arg/Gln) and SAT were also higher when compared with almost healthy individuals. As for men, the effect of blood pressure on the development of ACS was insufficient. SBP value in the comparison group did not significantly differ among carriers of different genotypes. DBP was higher in patients with genotype Arg/Gln and Gln/Gln, and PAT – with Arg/Arg, and ABP – with Gln/Gln, suffering from ACS. Among persons with high blood pressure significant difference in the ratio of genotypes (Arg/Arg, Arg/Gln, Gln/Gln) existed between main and control groups. In the group with ACS, it accounted for 20.8, 56.9, 22.2 %, and in control – 38.4, 49.3, 12.3% (P = 0.045). Thus, among the people with high blood pressure with genotype Gln/Gln, risk of ACS development was greater. Logistic regression confirmed the conclusion: the minor allele homozygotes had risk of the ACS 3.3 times greater than that of homozygotes for the major allele. Conclusion: In homozygotes for the minor allele (Gln/Gln), the risk of ACS was twice higher than in homozygotes for the major allele (Arg/Arg). Among representatives of Arg/Gln and Arg/Arg genotype, DBP and ABP parameters were significantly higher in patients with ACS than in control. Among people with high blood pressure with genotype Gln/Gln, risk of development of ACS was 3.3 times higher than that of homozygotes for the major allele (Arg/Arg).

12

Authors: Pogorielov M. V., Gusak Ye. V., Babich I. M., Kalinkevich O. V., Kalinkevich A. N., Samokhvalov I. I., Danilchenko S. N., Skliar A. M.

The most important function of enterosorbents is their ability to bind toxins both of exogenous and endogenous origin. Wide range of commercial sorbents applies in various intoxications, poisonings or infections, pathology of liver, pancreas or kidney with chronic renal failure. The toxic trace elements are determined among the most spread toxins. They get into the organism in different ways, including nutritional. Majority of the known sorbents exhibit high absorption properties for this type of toxicants, however development and research of new enterosorbents are relevant biomedical problem. Chitosan – a biologically active heteropolysaccharide consisting of N-glucosamine and N-aceto-glucosamine obtained by deacetylation of chitin, one of the most common natural polymers. Chitosan high sorption activity observed in several studies: so the active centers in sorption processes are amino groups, which form complexes with trace elements’ ions. Furthermore, a certain contribution is OH group (particularly the C3-position.) Adsorption – chelation (ion substitution) – is also discussed as possible mechanisms for the formation of complexes, wherein the interaction depends on the type of solution composition, pH, and the ion types. When cleaning the environment from pollutants, it is important to have not only an effective sorbent, but the sorbent in a convenient form. Powders are hard to remove; films and gels are not applicable for all cases. The most convenient form for sorption, are obviously porous beads or granules. In this regard, the aim of our research was to study the sorption activity of chitosan-apatite complex and lyophilized chitosan against toxic trace elements. Beads were obtained from a 2% solution of chitosan (200 kDa, 82 % deacetylation rates) by dropping the solution through a 2 mm diameter needle in a 5 % sodium hydroxide solution under continuous mixing. The beads were kept in the alkali solution overnight, permanently washed with water and freeze dried. Chitosan beads containing hydroxyapatite were prepared by adding a solution of chitosan in 1 M calcium chloride solution and 1 M solution of calcium dihydrogen phosphate (Ca/P ratio – 1.67). The beads were kept in a 5 % alkaline solution for 24 hours and then washed with water and freeze-dried. To determine sorption activity of samples, we placed 1 gram of each sample in a 100 ml solution (pH – 6.0) containing 5 mg per liter of a trace elements – Mn+2, Cr+3, Fe+2, Cd+2, and Cu+2. The solution was shaken by automatic shaker throughout the experiment at 30 oscillations per minute. We used activated carbon for comparison series. The solution was filtered in each series in 30, 60, 360 and 720 minutes and the content of trace elements was measure in a liquid phase by atomic absorption. It should be noted that for 12 h (720 min) the chitosan-apatite beads absorbed all trace elements almost completely (99–100 %), while the chitosan based absorbed cadmium and copper better exhibiting minimal affinity for iron, chromium and poorly absorbed manganese (Cd> Cu> Fe> Mn> Cr); activated carbon also absorbed cadmium and copper better, to a lesser sorbs iron, manganese and did not absorb chromium (Cu> Cd> Fe > Mn). When we used the chitosan-based beads as sorbents, it was difficult to consider the kinetics of absorption and the releasing of some elements in the solution after polymer restructuring. The chitosan apatite beads were preferably hold in contact with a cleaning medium for 12 h; at the same time during the first 30 minutes that sorbent absorbed about 90 % of copper, manganese, iron, cadmium and 50 % of chromium. Beads of chitosan during the first 30 min absorbed only 90 % of copper and more than 50 % of cadmium, manganese, and about 40 % of chromium.