Black Sea Scientific Journal of Academic research

10-15

Authors: Stezhko O.V.Zhytomyr national agroecological University, Postgraduate student (Ukraine)

ABSTRACT Vegetable growing has always been one of the main branches of farming. But now because of the drastic changes in the climate it is rather difficult to get good yields of vegetables of a high quality in the open. That is why many growers prefer working with the protected ground. More than 10 kinds of vegetables are raised in the protected ground in Ukraine had the cucumber being the most popular. If ecologically clean and safe products are to be grown in the protected ground a strict control over the application must be exercised. The aim of our studies was the analysis of the heavy metals dynamics in cucumbers. The results of our studies showed that the use of any fertilizers resulted in a higher content of pollutants in the cucumbers of first picking (first yield). The analysis of the following pickings showed a gradual decrease in the amount of the elements, and it did not exceed the admissible concentration limit in the cucumbers of the forth picking grown on the plot where fertilizes had been applied in different vegetation periods. The above testifies to the dependence of the amount of elements on a picking date. As regards the plot fertilized with a biopreparation, the cucumbers of the third picking were within the ACL. The analysis of the lead content in the cucumbers showed that it exceeded the ACL in all the samples. There a certain dynamics towards appeared a decrease in this element in the course of time after the third picking only. The copper content was within the ACL. Moreover, there was a, slight tendency towards a decrease in this elements in the course of time; beginning with the second picking the copper content stabilized. A tendency forwards a decrease in the Zink concentration remained and, beginning with the 3-rd picking, its content in the products was lower than the ACL. An excessive contents of cadmium was detected in the cucumbers grown on plots 2 and 3. But the cucumbers of the 2 picking from the plot fertilized with a biopreparation did not display any excessive cadmium, while on the 3- rd plot this safe any was only reached at the 3-rd picking. Keywords: dynamics, hard metal, cucumbers.

23-27

Authors: Shchygol Ganna Stanislavivna National Scientific Agricultural Library at the National Academy for Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine (the City of Kyiv), Senior Research Worker (Ukraine)

ABSTRACT Prominent scientist and plant selection breeder Professor D.F. Lykhvar (1902 – 1986) had worked for 26 years in a row as the Head of the Selection Department of the Ukrainian Research and Development Farming Institute (URDFI, currently the Farming Institute of the National Academy for Agrarian Sciences). In addition to the update of the research trends and essential consolidation of the material and technical facilities for the research Professor D.F. Lykhvar also founded his own selection breeding scholar school that is functioning up to now. На основі наукових робіт, спогадів сучасників професора Д.Ф. Лихваря та архівних матеріалів автором досліджено його науково-організаційну діяльність в Українському науково-дослідному інституті землеробства (1959–1986), висвітлено внесок ученого та його послідовників у розвиток селекції в Україні та світі. On the basis of the scientific research, reminiscences by Professor D.F. Lykhvar’s contemporaries and archive materials the author has examined the Scholar’s research and organizational activities at the Ukrainian Research and Development Farming Institute (1959 -1986) and described the scientist’s and his followers’ contribution to the development of selection both in Ukraine and the world. The scientist outlined the main trends for the activities of the Laboratory and chose the doers for the selection of panic grass and peas (I.V. Yashovskiy), beans (N.S. Nazarova), English beans, and later for the winter rutishness and spring wheat (M.A. Vitvistkiy). Under Professor D.F. Lykhvar’s guidance (inclusive of previous achievements) over 40 cultivars of industrial crops, pulse crops and forage crops were developed. 23 out of them were zoned and established such as, in particular, Poliska 70 winter wheat, Poliske Tetra 11 winter rutishness, Kyivska 8, Kollektivniy 210 maize hybrids, Rannya 73 spring wheat, Rubin 2 panic grass, Kyivska 48, Zarnytsya buckwheat, Triploid and Kyivski fodder beet, 6 cultivars of lupine, 6 cultivars of grasses and legume grasses, Poliskiy 4 fiber flax. Professor D.F. Lykhvar developed 7 cultivars on his own. In 1966 on Professor D. F. Lykhvar’s initiative the Plant Genetics Laboratory was founded at the Institute to further develop the scientific foundations of selection and to enhance its applied efficiency. At the same time the selection research structure was updated and the personnel, financial, material and technical support was provided. The important stages of the development of the selection research at the Institute include the assignment in 1973 the status of the Forage Crops Selection Centre, and since 1982 the status of Integrated Crop Research Centre for the Forest Steppe, Polesye and Western Ukraine zones. As the Head of the Kyiv Integrated Selection Centre D.F. Lykhvar supervised the selection research at the Institute, as well as coordinated the selection development of 20 industrial crops and forage crops carried out at 19 Research and Development Institutions within the activity zone of the Selection Centre. As a member of a special tourist group that attended various Congresses and Conferences on Selection the scientist promoted the cooperation with foreign research institutions. D.F. Lykhvar founded the competitive scholar school that established over 80 cultivars of various agricultural crops listed at the Plant Cultivars Register of Ukraine and that successfully functions at present. The research was further continued by the Doctors of Science (Agriculture) V.G. Mykhailov, A.F. Bober, L.K. Taranenko, M. A. Vitvistkiy at the URDFI, and by Doctor of Science (Agriculture) V.V. Scoryk at the Nosivska Selection Station and V. M. Pshenychniy at Kyiv Research Station correspondingly. Key words: D.F. Lykhvar, the Ukrainian Research and Development Farming Institute, Selection.

32-37

Authors: Ivan Trach State Agrarian and Engineering university in Podiliya, assistant of the Department land planning and cadaster (Ukraine)

ABSTRACT The article presents the results of research influence of chelate fertilizers on yield of soybean varieties with usual row spacing (15 cm) and wide row spacing (45).The extraroot fertilizing in phases of flowering and of formation of the bean of the plants, are the possibility of increasing the crop capacity of soybean varieties. The plant soybean is strategic food crops. One of the main problems in the world is to increase the yield of this crop. Due to poor implementation of the genetic potential of soybean varieties in Ukraine, we conducted a study of the impact on productivity of plant foliar feeding complex fertilizers. The article presenting results of study of the influence of chelated forms of fertilizers on the yield of soybean varieties with usual row spacing (15 of centimetres) and wide row spacing (45 of centimetres). The extraroot fertilizing in phases of flowering and of formation of the bean of the plants, are the possibility of increasing the crop capacity of soybean varieties. Field studies were conducted at the experimental field of the State Agrarian and Engineering university in Podiliya, (Kamenets-Podolsky, Ukraine), in 2009-2011 years. In the experiment, we studied influence of three factors: factor A - recommended for forest-steppe varieties of soybeans - Podilska 1 (control), Zolotysta, Yeliena and Omeha vinytska; factor B - sowing methods – usual row spacing (15 cm) and wide row spacing (45 cm), and the factor C - fertilization for foliar feeding - Nutrivant plius oliinyi, Reakom-R-soy, Basfoliar 6-12-6. Effects of fertilizer favorably influenced the formation of beans, seeds and yield of soybean. Fertilizers was increased number of pods per plant and seeds of the beans, that created a greater yield. Straight line method of sowing was the best. The best soybean varieties was Omeha vinytska. Higher yield was obtained in studies in areas of conventional row method of sowing and fertilization Basfoliar 6-12-6 phase of flowering and forming pods. Keywords: soybean, varieties, foliar feed, chelate fertilizers, yield.

42-46

Authors: Valeriy Yermilov Mykolaiv regional institute of postgraduate pedagogical education, candidate of medical sciences, associate professor (Ukraine)

ABSTRACT In the conditions of unfavorable social-demographic situation in Ukraine an important value acquires the question of perfection of obstetric-gynaecological help. The ministry of health and medical public consider that in the context of reform of the system of health protection medicare to the women in the period of pregnancy, births and maternity must occupy one of leading places. Thus desirably to know and take into account historical experience in this area of medicine. The history of foundation and development of practical obstetrics in the period of zemstvo in a concrete region was not studied, therefore, taking into account actuality of this question, the purpose of our was research to study the development of family medicare to the women by medicine of zemstvo in the South Ukraine (Kherson, Tavricheskaya and south districts of Bessarabskaya provinces) in the second half of the XIX - beginning of the ХХ of century. A zemstvo from the beginning of its foundation paid attention to helplessness of rural women during pregnancy and births, when they were forced to use services of uneducated local women (povytuha) and witch-doctors which often did not help, even did harm to the women and their babies. It impelled at once, with formation of medicine of zemstvo to engage, where possible, the organization of obstetric help. But, in spite of understanding of large requirement in a skilled help, this question developed very slowly. Positions of midwives were entered in all districts of south provinces. However, the amount of the births accepted by them was insignificant and in districts these positions began to abbreviate. Doctors of zemstvo understood well the tragedy of such position and actively came forward for the improvement of obstetric help of zemstvo. The organs of power of zemstvo, on the basis of the limited source of finances, developed this help too slowly. More actively question of skilled obstetric help in provinces was solved starting with 90th of the XIX of century. All representatives of medical personnel of zemstvo began to give help to the women at births: doctors (mainly at mogitocias), assistant-midwives, midwives, student-midwives and even district first-aid men. Except for opened earlier maternity departments at province hospitals of zemstvo maternity rooms or departments for women giving births appeared at district hospitals too, and the first rural maternity hospitals were even organized – in Bobrynets of the Kherson province and Koreiz of the Tavricheskaya province. So, in course of time (at the beginning of the XX century), in some aspects of obstetric help medicine of zemstvo had certain success: the amount of skilled medical personnel increased, considerable part of births (more than third in the Tavricheskaya province) began to pass through their hands, at hospitals maternity departments or chambers (Kherson and Bessarabskaya province) were created. One third of births was accepted in these departments (Kherson province). But on the whole rural medicine of South Ukraine for all period of zemstvo was not able to organize an obstetric help in obedience to the urgent needs of greater and socially vulnerable part of population – women of genital age. It demanded the strained work later. Key words: period of zemstvo, medicine of zemstvo, obstetric help, South Ukraine.

54-58

Authors: Liudmyla Kovpak Institute of History of Ukraine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Candidate of Historical sciences, senior researcher in the Department of Contemporary History and Policy (Ukraine)

ABSTRACT The article is based on the introduction to the scientific use of the new archives, statistical, analytical sources and modern literature, and the paper in historical perspective investigates the ecological problem of the Dnieper River and the quality of the drinking water in Ukraine nowadays (1991-2013). We consider a number of questions about the state of water resources and the implementation of measures of the National program to improve the ecological situation of the Dnieper River. The article deals with the state and measures to improve water recourses in Ukraine as urban as well in rural areas. The Dnieper River occupies the third place among the rivers in Europe (after the Volga and the Danube), and flows into the Black Sea. Putting the attention to the great importance of the clear drinkable water in the lives of many people in different countries, the United Nations Organization on March 22 was declared the World Day of Water Resources, and 2003 - the Year of the water. Deficiency of clean drinking water is one of the most critical issues for many regions of the world, because over 1 billion people in the world drink the water, which is unsuitable for consumption. According to the UN, it is projected that by 2025 this number will increase more by 900 thousand people. The action of the UN was to remind that the Planet's water resources are not inexhaustible, because the fresh water on the Earth exists only 3%. The article uses the new governmental departments archives of some ministries towards water resources protection in Ukraine in the contemporary period (1991-2013). The historical aspect of the problem of the water protection of the environment is not understudied and investigated fully and it is in need of research nowadays. In Ukraine in 1991-2013 years the ecological state of the Dnieper River basin and water quality needed improvement and implement a set of measures on the part of public institutions and the public. However, inadequate water legislation regarding state control over the use and protection of the hydrosphere and the lack of leverage on violators of environmental laws hampered the provision of quality water, population and industries in the country. For it was necessary to increase funding for state programs to preserve and improve water quality for the economic needs of Ukraine and needs, as well as from the point of view of international trends in the importance of water resources at the present stage of world development. Keywords: ecological state of the Dnieper River, drinking water in Ukraine, international cooperation in the sphere of the water resources protection (1991-2013).

64-68

Authors: Godovan V.V.1, Ostapchuk K.V.2 1 Doctor of medical Sciences, Full Professor, Department of General and Clinical Pharmacology of Odessa State Medical University (Ukraine)

ABSTRACT In the 90-s of the last century came a new stage in the evolutionary approaches to drug therapy - evidence-based medicine. Its principal difference from the previous one is scientifically and clinically proven efficacy and safety, and most importantly, long-term forecasting of the impact of drug therapy on quality of life. The practice of evidence-based medicine is closely intertwined with clinical pharmacology and involves the appointment of an individual patient rational pharmacotherapy combination of individual clinical expertise and best evidence obtained through systematic research. We studied the influence of deletion polymorphisms of genes GSTT1, GSTM1 and A313G polymorphism of gene GSTP1 on severity of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in 77 patients. We found the patients with genotype GSTM1null had higher levels of ALT, AST and total serum bilirubin (respectively 1,98 ± 1,54 mmol/l×h, 1,08 ± 0,90 mmol/l×h, 23,6 ± 14 30 μmol/l ) than patients with genotype GSTM1 + (1,32 ± 1,02 mmol/l×h, 0,62 ± 0,50 mmol/l×h, 13,60 ± 3,50 μmol/l, p < 0,05 for all parameters). In patients with GSTM1null genotype who were infected by virus with 1b genotype, significantly more developed different stages of liver fibrosis on a Metavir scale, than in patients with genotype GSTM1 + (88,2 compared with 56,2 %, p = 0,023). We didn’t identify influence of deletion polymorphism of gene GSTT1 and A313G polymorphism of gene GSTP1 on severity of CHC. Higher levels of ALT, AST and total serum bilirubin in CHC patients before treatment are associated with genotype GSTM1null. Patients with genotype GSTM1null, infected with genotype 1b, more likely to develop liver fibrosis varying degrees (F1-F4). Impact not identified polymorphisms of GSTT1 and GSTP1 on the severity of the CHC. Identified associations listed genes polymorphisms with the severity of the disease is the real way to customize the selection of drugs, which are aimed at improving the effectiveness and safety of treatment. Keywords: gene polymorphisms, GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTP1, severity of chronic hepatitis C.

73-79

Authors: Oliinyk LarisaVolodymyrivna Khmelnitsky National University, Researcher of the Department of International Economic Relations (Ukraine)

ABSTRACT The article deals with current issues of improving the efficiency of asset management engineering enterprises by balancing financial and resource management in the context of factors characteristic of the field of technological backwardness, chronic shortage of financial resources, lack of management experience, the price will remain the criterion on long instrument of competition policy and its ability to realize production and marketing plans. The article deals with current issues of improving the efficiency of asset management engineering enterprises by balancing financial and resource management in the context of factors characteristic of the field of technological backwardness, chronic shortage of financial resources, lack of management experience, the price will remain the criterion on long instrument of competition policy and its ability to realize production and marketing plans. Financial and resource factor has been one of the key elements forming resource potential and asset engineering enterprises in Ukraine today. It should be aware that the strategic goal of economic development of the studied companies serving managerial, technological innovation and technical improvement work. Traditionally, local businesses achieve strategic goals possible is possible due to development: product innovation; market innovation; pricing; marketing systems; service; logistics; direct resource support; the financial condition and assets. A large proportion of funds coming to the company through commercial loans from other companies and significant amount payable. in the absence of effective steps to improve the financial mechanism of the negative trends of companies coming to the deteriorating financial market conditions. In this area, as in other areas of financial activity for businesses represented there vicious circle of problems, the base of which is beyond asset management. Target Markets businesses do not give fully load the available production capacity, in consequence of which the company receives damage from keeping unused capacity. An unprofitable activity limits the ability to attract corporate capital (through legislative prohibition issue of corporate securities for loss-making companies) and is accompanied by the refusal of banks to long-term loans. Thus, the company got into the "trap of Industrial Depression" when the target market area are not able to provide a return of capital, while the company no resources for sectorial diversification of markets and investment in new manufacturing facilities and equity actually frozen in the liquidity support and maintenance of current financial operations of the company. Keywords: assets, resources, financial instruments, management efficiency.

86-91

Authors: Synytska Helena Khmelnytsky National University doctoral student of international economic relations, PhD, associate professor of tourism and hotel and restaurant business Vinnitsa Trade and Economics Institute Kyiv National Trade and Economic University (Ukraine)

ABSTRACT This paper deals with topical issues of contemporary social policy in Ukraine in the context of social and labor relations on its ability to realize and focus efforts of public authorities to solve the most pressing social problems, namely protection against unemployment, assistance for the disabled and the poorest segments of the population, the combination of insurance and state social security systems, the development of health, education and other social sectors through the use of mechanisms of social partnership. Keywords: social and labor relations, labor market, social partnership

100-104

Authors: Lehun Elena Nikolaevna Vinnitsa State Pedagogical University. Kotsyubynskoho candidate of psychological sciences, professor (Ukraine)

ABSTRACT The article reviews the dynamics of changes of the definition of concepts of meaning of life and death from antiquity to the present day. Development of humans` ideas associated with death, uncover human perception of the meaning of life and its basic values. The transformation developed directly from understanding conception of death as a natural continuation and completion of life, until they break, or separate in human mind. Keywords: meaning of life, values, fear of death.

111

Authors: Chobanov R.A1., Aliyev A.V2., Dosbayev A.S3. Public health department, Azerbaijan State Medical University (Azerbaijan)1

Alendronate - a drug used in the treatment of osteoporosis. In the literature of authors associated with aspiration alendronate to airways, and not only [1, 2]. A 45-year-old woman took alendronate 65 mg by mouth weekly for treatment of osteoporosis/ she experienced some difficulty ingesting one of the pills. Shortly after she developed hoarness, shortness of breath, and cough productive of brown sputum, which was intermittently streaked with blood. Symptoms worsened over the next 2 days. On presenting to an emergency room in respiratory distress, she was found to have inspiratory and expiratory wheezes by auscultation over both lungs. Her white blood count was 16,1x109/l. Chest computed tomography scan showed circumferential thickening and debris within the bronchus intermedius and right lower lobe bronchus along with consolidation and partial atelectasis of the right middle and lower lobes. Flexible bronchoscopy showed thick secretions adherent to the vocal cords, the lower trachea, the right mainstem bronchus, lobar, segmental airways. No pill was seen. She was trated with antibiotics and prednisone. The patient’s symptoms persisted. Airway inspection performed with a flexible bronchoscope revealed near complete obstruction of trachea and right lung airways by wax-like plugs and pseudomembranes. Histological examination of endobronchial biopsy specimens showed airway ulceration and inflammation with foreign body giant cells and necrotic, inflammatory debris with refractile crystalline material. Her shortness of breath improved after the bedridement. She was discharged home 6 days after admission. Repeat flexible bronchoscopy 17 day after discharge showed patent airways with minimal exudates in the distal right mainstem bronchus and the bronchus intermedius. Discussion: since 1995, alendronate has widely used for treatment of osteoporosis, Paget’s disease, and hipercalciemia of malignancy. Alendronate is an aminobisphosphate structurally analogous to the pyrophosphate of the bone matrix. Alendronate selectively inhibits osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Erosive esophagitis is a well known complication of bisphosphonate therapy. Esophageal perforation and gastric erosions and ulcerations have been reported as well. Severe painful oral ulcers have been described in patients who sucked or chewed a pill. Chemical laryngitis has also been described. Intravenous administration of bisphosphonates has not been associated with mucosal injury. Consistent with an experience described in one previous case report, our patient developed necrotic injury to the trachea and right central airways, which progressed over several days after aspiration of an alendronate pill. Symptoms of airway obstruction improved after waxy material and pseudomembranes were debrided by flexible bronchoscope. We believe that our patient’s airways were damaged by the same direct chemical injury that has been described for esophagitis and gastric ulceration. When the pill adheres to a mucosal surface, a high concentration of alendronate is released into solution over a limited area of surface epithelium. A high influx of sodium and a T-cell-mediated hypersensitivity reaction had been implicated in the subsequent mucosal injury. The long-term effects of alendronate tracheobronchitis on airway structure and function, if any, are unknown.