Moldovan Medical Journal

3-6

Authors: Dan Croitoru, Zinovia Zorina, Galina Certan, Mihaela Galescu, Eugen Cerevan

Background: Arteries have a very variable origin, diameter, path, correlation, branching and terminal pattern. An honorable mention is necessary for the individual anatomical variations of the axillary artery branches, because this is a spot of frequent vascular lesions that are the result of blunt weapon traumas, proximal humerus traumas and glenohumeral dislocations. Material and methods: The morphologic variability of the posterior circumflex humeral artery was studied on a male adult cadaver, on 10 angiographies and 9 ultrasonographies of the upper limb arteries which also constituted the study poll. The origin variations were identified in 3 cases. Results: In correlation with gender, and the body part that is taken into consideration, the posterior circumflex humeral artery morphological variations are found more often in the male gender, predominantly on the right upper limb. Conclusion: The posterior circumflex humeral artery has a wide range of anatomical variations. More frequently the anatomical variations are found on the right upper limbs of male gender. The obtained data will become useful in the approaches of the axillary artery during arteriographies and also in choosing the right surgical intervention tactic on this topographical region.

13-17

Authors: Greta Balan

Background: Infections that are difficult to treat might lead to high morbidity and mortality rates. In some infections, however, despite a proper antibiotic therapy, microorganisms might persist, under certain circumstances, and produce recurrent or chronic infections. It is a well-known fact that the persistence of microorganisms might influence their viability within the macro-organism, whereas the suppression of the microbial persistence via drug preparations might greatly reduce therapeutic duration. This study is aimed at assessing the antibiotic sensitivity and some factors, contributing to persistence of Gram-negative bacilli strains isolated from trophic ulcers. Material and methods: Data were collected and examined from 128 samples of patients with trophic ulcers. The bacteriological examinations, factors determining the persistence and the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolated strains were carried out in accordance with the current method. Results: 211 microbial strains were isolated. The identified microorganisms revealed a high taxonomic diversity, whereas Gram-negative bacilli made up 50.2%. Isolates showed multiple resistances to antimicrobial drugs in 76.4% of cases, 43.4% strains showed hemolytic, 88.7% – anti-lysozyme and 93.4% – anti-complementary activities, whereas 70.8% strains produced a detectable biofilm. The strains isolated from mixed infections exhibited a higher percentage of pathogenicity factors compared to those isolated from monoinfections. Conclusions: Gram-negative bacteria showed great resistance to the antimicrobial drug tests and multiple persistence factors. The results of the study proved that trophic ulcers are difficult to treat, thus being a major problem, which requires coherent monitoring and control.

24-27

Authors: Oleg Cobileanschi, Tatiana Prospit, Ion Cazacu, Alexandru Dandara, Dorel Jelaga

Background: The brain controls how the body moves by sending small electrical signals along the nerves to the muscles. Seizures occur when abnormal signs in the brain change the way the body works. Seizures vary from person to person. Some people only have light handshakes and do not lose consciousness. Other people may become unconscious and experience violent whole body trembling. The article focuses on the cases of the seizure, order and behavior during and after the epileptic crisis, the child’s febrile convulsions and recommendations. Conclusions: Our knowledge about the causes of epileptic seizures increases the chance of preventing them. Correct actions in the crisis, follow-up of the crisis particularity minimize the risk of traumatization and ensures correct therapy of the pathology that causes the crisis. Correct treatment and cognition of contraindications reduce syncope repetition. Correct informing people about the crises particularities allows understanding the seriousness of the consequences of a crisis.

38-43

Authors: Elinor Paz, Angela Babuci, Elena Stepco

Background: The bone loss, tooth loss and gingival inflammation are the most common harmful factors that might cause pathologic tooth migration. Taking into consideration that miniscrews implants are used in orthodontic treatment of both pathologic and physiologic tooth migration, we were interested to mark out the advantages and disadvantages of miniscrew usage. Conclusions: Development of implants industry and particularly miniscrew anchorage has been rapidly increased in the recent years, but nevertheless there still are some risk factors of miniscrews use and success of treatment depends a lot on techniques of miniscrew insertion and stability elements. The anchorage control during tooth movement is one of the main factors for ensuring successful orthodontic treatment and the most important keys for achievement of success in clinical orthodontics. The advantages of miniscrews, in comparison with other methods of orthodontic treatment might be resumed to: lower costs, easy placement, no need for patient cooperation, high quality and efficiency of treatment. Among the most undesirable side effects of miniscrews use can be marked out the screw fracture, screw-root proximity, damages of soft and hard tissues, displacement under orthodontic loading, etc.

48-51

Authors: Lior Shoev, Eugeniu Simionica

Background: Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) is a family of intracellular, nonreceptor tyrosine kinases that transduce cytokine-mediated signals. In the beginning of 20th century, it was named “just another kinase” but by some reasons ultimately it was published as “Janus kinase”. The name Janus was taken from the two-faced Roman god of beginnings, endings and duality, because the Janus kinases (JAKs) possess two near-identical phosphate-transferring domains, one domain exhibits the kinase activity, while the other negatively regulates the kinase activity of the first one. The article describes JAK-STAT in many aspects such as general definition, mechanism of action, biochemical qualities and the relation to cancer. Eventually the article will explain the role of JAK-STAT pathway in carcinogenesis and summarize the article through future direction in clinical medicine and research. Conclusions: Understanding JAK-STAT pathway can help physicians, medical students and teachers apply this into clinical practice. By discovering more about the JAK-STAT pathway, many cancer diseases could be halted or treated due to their connection to cancer therapy.

59-66

Authors: Ilarion Draguta, Anatolie Mustea, Constantin Popescu, Cornel Iurcu, Ghenadie Gorincioi

Background: The latest studies highlight the importance of a holistic bioelectric field in the development of tumor diseases. According to some researchers, carcinogens prevent formation of a single morphogenetic field and lead to the creation of separate bioelectric fields. It has been experimentally proved that the development of a tumor in a certain part of the body depends on the bioelectric state of the distant regions. Water is one of the important links between the morphogenetic field and molecular substrates. Due to the presence of hydrogen bonds in the aqueous media, specific structures can be formed that can receive, store and transmit information. Intracellular structured water can serve as a “transformer” of various types of energy for use in the life processes of cellular structures. It was found that normal biological tissues could be distinguished from hyperplastic and malignant ones by means of magnetic resonance image scan based on recording diverse reactions of water protons. Conclusions: the importance of a holistic bioelectric field in the development of tumor diseases is probably paramount. The development of a tumor in a certain part of the body depends on the bioelectric state of the distant regions. It is possible that carcinogens prevent formation of a single morphogenetic field and lead to the creation of separate bioelectric fields. A more in-depth study of the bioelectric and water constituents in patients with oncopathology will probably open up new facets of oncogenesis.