INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LIFE SCIENCES

12-16

Authors: Mali Vidya C, Rangar Krishna K, Kumbhar Deepak A and Lavate Rajendra A

The study aims to find out the quality of borewell water used for drinking purpose and at household level in Jath city of Maharashtra. Underground water is the most necessary source of water. So, the present work deals with valuation of borewell water of different ten places in Jath city carried out in year 2016-2017. The Physico-Chemical Parameters such as pH, Electrical Conductivity, Dissolved Oxygen, Total Dissolved Solid, Alkalinity, Temperature, Total Hardness are studied to measure quality of water.

21-24

Authors: Desai TH and Bhilave MP

Hematological profile of fishes gives the physiological status of fish’s wellbeing. When the fish is exposed to any toxicant, it affects the blood and then consequently other vital organs are deformed. Hence in the present study hematological profile of freshwater fish Cirrhinus mrigala is studied after acute exposure to methanol. The fishes were exposed to lethal and sub lethal concentrations for 96 hrs. The results reviled that values of Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Total Erythrocyte Count (TEC) and Hemoglobin (Hb) decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in the treated group as compared to the control group. Whereas the values of Total Leucocytes Count (TLC), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) increased significantly (P < 0.05) in all exposed group than the control.

29-42

Authors: Lavate Rajendra A, Khot Vasundhara V, Sathe Sanjay S and Jagtap Mamata A

Studies on the flora of Raje Ramrao Mahavidyalaya campus, Jath was conducted from December, 2010 to December, 2017. A total of 318 species representing 232 genera belonging to 69 families were collected, identified and enumerated. A total of 180 genera representing 248 species identified are dicotyledons and 70 species of 52 genera are monocotyledons. Considering the rapidly changing land use in the campus for building and road construction, much attention should be paid towards the conservation of both flora and fauna, for which the present survey provide baseline data.

48-52

Authors: Gurav Kuladip and Jadhav (Rathod) Varsha

In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to appraise proximate and mineral composition of Zanthoxylum rhetsa DC. And Glycosmis pentaphylla. (Retz)DC. The fruits are used by rural people of Kolhapur district as their in food and medicine. Hence in present investigation unripened and ripened fruits are selected for determining the nutritional potential and ethnomedicinal importance. In present study higher amount of Moisture (60.0 ±1.42%), Crude protein (3.5 ±0.5%), Reducing sugar (2.7 ±0.40%), Total sugar (4.1±0.70%), Starch (5.8 ±0.37%) and Energy (273±34.74KJ/100g.) in ripened fruit of Glycosmis pentaphylla. Highest amount of Dry content (53.2 ±0.32%), Ash (4.0 ±0.10 %) and Crude fibre (6.5±0.51%) and crude fat (5.5 ±1.56%) found within unripened fruit of Zanthoxylum rhetsa. Among the various macronutrients and micronutrients estimated in the fruits Magnesium (1150±0.03mg) was present in highest quantity, followed by sulphur (920±0.14mg) and calcium (890±0.08mg) in ripened fruit of Glycosmis pentaphylla. Only zinc was (2.0.±0.04) higher reported in ripened fruits of Zanthoxylum rhetsa. Unripened fruit of Glycosmis pentaphylla. shows Maximum concentration of Magnesium (1050±0.15) followed by calcium (1010±0.026). While only sodium (820±0.10) was maximum reported in unripened fruit of Zanthoxylum rhetsa. On the basis of above investigation fruit of both the plants play a very significant role in food supplement of rural people and also beneficial for health care.

57-61

Authors: Suryawanshi Madhuri and Jadhav (Rathod) Varsha

The Semicarpus anacardium L.f. commonly known as bhallataka belonging to family Anacardiaceae. The fruit is also known as marking nut. The fruit are edible and it is reported to the astringent, anti-rheumatic, carminative and vesicant. The present paper deals with phytochemical, proximate and antioxidant analysis of mature and ripened fruits was investigated. The mature fruit shows higher content of moisture, ash, crude fiber and dry matter whereas crude fat is higher in ripen fruits. Ash is the inorganic residue remaining after the water and organic matter have been removed. Powder behavior indicated alkaloids, cysteine, xanthoprotein and starch. In preliminary phytochemical screening shows presence of alkaloids, saponins, caumarins, glycosides, tannins, and flavone. In Antioxidant analysis, carotenoids observed in mature fruits is 13±0.06 mg/100gm.whereas, total polyphenol in mature fruits is5.08±0.02 mg/100gm.Carotenoids and polyphenolshave an important antioxidant function of deactivating free radicals. They are the most important antioxidants in human diet.

67-72

Authors: Matwal SR, Desai SS, Bhopale LP and Walvekar MV*

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is most extensive factor secreted by subman-dibular gland and it has important physiological roles like cell proliferation, regulates tissue differentiation and modulates organogenesis. This study was carried out to investigate potential effect of submandibular gland secreted epidermal growth factor (EGF) on acetaminophen induced acute liver damage. Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose causes acute liver injury or even death in both humans and experimental animals. For this study mice were divided into three groups viz- i. Control ii. Control + APAP iii. Sialoadenectomy (submandibular gland removed) +APAP group. Mice were given acetamin-ophen (300 mg/kg; orally) to induce acute liver injury. After 1, 3,6,12, 96 hr of APAP administration. histology of liver and SGOT , SGPT from blood was studied. Acetaminophen significantly increased the levels of SGOT, SGPT and also caused severe necrotic changes in liver tissue. In group III i.e. in Sialo-adenectomy+APAP there was significant increase in both the enzymes i.e. SGOT and SGPT as compared to group II i. e. Control+APAP and as time pro-gressed i.e. from 1,3,6,12,96 hr there was significant increase in both enzymes and show maximum value in 96 hr post treatment. Our result indicate that submandibular gland EGF have role in proliferation of hepatocytes.

77-82

Authors: Vibhute Shivaji M

The observation of biodiversity of snakes was carried out in Atpadi city and adjoining area from last 10 years. This work was done in the study area as a rescue operation. The record of rescued snakes was kept for last 10 years and the snakes were released in their natural habitat away from human habitat. Many species of snakes recorded here are endangered and found only in India only like Rat snake, Indian Cobra, etc. In recent years it was also observed that there is a sharp increase in number of Russels Viper. Out of big four poisonous snakes Indian Cobra, Russels Viper and Common krait were recorded in this area. In recent times more victims of Russels Viper snake bite were recorded in this area. Along with these poisonous snakes in all 13 species of poisonous and nonpoisonous snakes are recorded in this area.

86-88

Authors: Kulkarni Narendra A

The study area is the coastal Maharashtra which lies between 15°44' N to 20°08' N and 72°44' E to 73°39' E. The study area has tropical climatic conditions. Three distinct seasons are observed as Monsoon (June to Sept.), Winter (Oct. to Jan.) and Summer (Feb. to May). The maximum annual rainfall that occurs along the coast is 2500 mm. The relative humidity ranges between 60 to 80%. The temperature varies from 20° C to 35° C. Mangroves ecosystem is known for its high productivity. The mangroves function as a source of food and shelter to the variety of animals like herbivores, detritivores and carnivores. Animals play a key role in making the mangrove ecosystem highly productive. Mangroves play important role in feeding the variety of animals at their juvenile stage. Mangroves show diversified avi-faunal members. Many of the bird species are associated with the mangroves, for many reasons. Birds use the mangroves for nesting, breeding and as a source of secondary food. Some birds are fish-catcher. The most common birds observed in the mangrove ecosystem are Herons, Egrets, Lapwings, Plover, Gulls, Terns, Storks, Hawks, Kites, Eagles, Hornbills and Kingfishers. The birds may either be permanent or temporary residents on mangrove trees. Some of the resident birds are highly depend on mangroves for their survival. Some of the birds are recorded during the present field studies.

93-95

Authors: Ingole Sitaram B

Majalgaon Dam was constructed on the River Sindphana which is a tributary of River Godavari, in Beed District (Maharashtra, India) in 1987.The River Sindphana has been under constant threat of pollution by sewage and industrial wastes, disposal of dead bodies, deforestration, excessive useof fertilizers and pesticides, bathing and water development programmes. The dam has a catchment area is 3840 sq. km. It is of great Importance for the region because its water is used for human and cattle consumption, power generation, fish production and irrigation. A total of 33 species of phytoplanktons, 29 species of zooplanktons and 11 species of fishes were identified. The importance of plankton in fisheries is well established. It has been clearly demonstrated that the zooplankton constitute the only food for the fish fry and the adult fish not only eat them, but also select them as a delectable item.Thus zooplankton have a direct bearing in the fish industry. In India, several studies were conducted in reservoirs elucidating the characteristics of zooplankton.The zooplankton peak was found during summer followed by winter and rainy season.Microfauna (zooplankton) was observed about four groups as Rotifera observed about eleventh species, Copepoda observed about nine species, Cladocera observed seven species and Ostracoda observed about two species. The macro fauna or fish fauna were observed at the Majalgaon Dam reservoir. There are culture of fish with quick growing varieties of fishes including Indian Major Carps, exotic species have been popular in recent time. There is abundance of the species such as Labeo rohita, Cirrhina mrigal, Catla catla, Cyprinus carpio, Silver carp, Wallago atta, Mystacenbelus armatus, Notoptemus chital, Puntues ticto, Channa staitus, Mystus seenghala, Mystus cavaassius, Eutroplus suratensis, Belon concila, Chela, Tilapia Mossambica, Rohtee alfrediana, Gobius giuris, etc. Fish is economically a very important group of animals be side being used as food. Fish liver is an important source of oil containing Vitamins A and D, several minerals and protein.

101-104

Authors: Shinde Archana, Kuralapkar DD and Gaikwad DK

The allelopathic effect of the aqueous leaf extract of Azardichata indica and Ageratum conyzoides L. on the seed germination and growth of the seedlings of Capsicum annum L. was studied by applying five different treatments (5,10,20 and 30%) of leaf extracts of Ageratum conyzoides and Azardichata indica. The experiment was conducted in sterilized petri dishes with photoperiod of 24 hr. The effect of different concentration of aqueous extract were compared to distilled water used as control. Results exhibited that seed germination inhibition because of allelopathic effect was found in the varieties of chili treated with different concentrations of leaf extract. All four-concentration considered for treatment showed inhibitory effect on germination of seeds in capsicum. It highest degree of inhibition in radicle and plumule growth of the test plant i.e., C. annum (L.) was observed in 30% concentration of both the leaf extracts.

108-110

Authors: Deshmukh SB and Kulkarni MY

The present research paper reports the checklist of piscivorours birds of Tippehalli reservoir, Jath, dist- Sangli. Jath is an arid prone area. Tipphalli is man-made reservior which shows diverse flora and fauna. The reservior is situated in between agriculture land and sugar industry. The fishery is done in this reservior. The reservior contain algae, aquatic weeds, phytoplankton, zooplankton which is favourable for fish development. Fishes, crustacean, amphibians are attractive to the birds. The reservoir shows residential, local migratory, migratory, winter migratory, piscivorous birds the study was conducted during march 2016 to February 2017, during study period about 19 species of piscivorous birds was recorded out of that 10 spp. are resident, 3 local migratory, 3 migratory, 1 winter migratory, 2 resident migratory was recorded, the anthropogenic activity; increasing agricultural land was affected the piscivorous birds of Tippehalli reservior.

117-124

Authors: Chougule AA, Kadam GH and Raut PD

Birds are very significant biological component of ecosystem which indicates the quality of environment. They are the easiest to survey and study. The importance of the avifaunal study is indicator of the status of the environment of the study area, and therefore, were selected for comprehensive assessment. Recently, ornithologists came with the first ultimate checklist of Indian birds, putting the number of species across the country at 1,263. This avifaunal study was carried out during the period 2014-2017, in and around proposed nuclear power plant site at Jaitapur, Maharashtra. There are total 146 species of birds listed belonging to 18 orders and 55 families were recorded. From the 18 orders Passeriformes is the one of the largest order was observed with 57 bird’s species and 28 families. Out of these 146 species 49 of water birds were recorded. These bird species are inhibiting in the water bodies and wetlands. There are 24 species recorded dominant. The most dominant species are Brahminy Kite, Rock Pigeon, White Throated Kingfisher, River Tern, Laughing Dove, Black Drongo, Indian Robin, Green Bee Eater, Ashy Prinia, Red Vented Bulbul, Red whiskered bulbul, white browed wagtail, common myna, coppersmith barbet, grey heron etc. The detailed results are discussed in the paper.

129-132

Authors: Patil TC, Gejage RM and Bodare RD

Changes in triacylglycerol lipase activity during larval development of E.vittella have been attempted. The larval developmental period was found to be 17 days. The maximum triacylglycerol lipase activity was observed in 11-day old larvae of E. vittella. The triacylglycerol lipase activity revealed optimum pH 8, substrate concentration 5% and Km value was found to be 0.14273 ×10-2 mM. The specific activity of 5th day, 11th day and 17th day larvae was found to be 13.625, 22.838, and 16.435 μmol free fatty acids/mg protein/25minutes respectively. The gradual increase in triacylglycerol lipase activity noted from 5-day old larvae to 11-day old larvae and gradual decrease from 11-day old larvae to 17-day old larvae. The mean and standard deviation of larval triacylglycerol lipase was 18.893 and 2.5007 respectively. The physiological role of triacylglycerol lipase during larval development of E. vittella is discussed.

139-141

Authors: Khot SS, Kate SV, Yadav Amruta, Satpute Pooja and Ghatage Ashwini

Chromolaena odorata (Synonym- Eupatorium rugosum) is a member of Family Asteraceae and known as white snakeroot. It is locally called as jungle-modi as it grows rapidly in disturbed areas and inhibits germination of other plants in the vicinity. To understand its effects on cell division, 10, 20 and 50% aqueous extract of leaves of E. rugosum were used to treat the roots. Onion bulbs with 48 hr old roots were exposed to the extracts for 1 hrs and then fixed in Cornoy’s alcoholic acetic acid. The squash prepared in 1% aceto-carmine were analysed under 40X objective lens for mitotic index and abnormalities. Experiments showed that mitotic index was maximum in control roots, and decreased in treated roots. E. rugosum induced mitotic abnormalities namely scattering of chromosomes at anaphase, formation of bridge, laggard and rings etc. in the root tips.

144-147

Authors: Kamble Priyadarshani and Karande VC

Blue Green Algae which are also called as cyanobacteria are one of the most important nitrogen fixing photoautotrophs present on the earth since 3.5 billion years. They are known to be found in almost all photic habitats including water bodies, glaciers as well as all terrestrial ecosystems. Paddy fields represent one such habitat. Because of their autotrophic and diazotrophic nature they flourish in rice fields and known to sustain the fertility of this ecosystem. They vary in their morphology. Some of them are unicellular while some are multicellular filamentous. An attempt has been made to document unicellular cyanobacteria from rice fields of Satara district in Maharashtra State. As many as 18 species of unicellular cyanobacteria were recorded from the study area. Order Chroococcales has been reported by nine of genera and 18 species. The genera Aphanocapsa, Aphanothece and Gloeocapsa were frequently reported.

153-158

Authors: Kadam PL and Patil RN

Direct discharge from agricultural runoff and industrial effluent in to river, ponds and lakes causing serious environmental pollution. These runoff and effluent contain toxicant which exerts their effect on aquatic animals particularly fish by interfering their physiological processes. Therefore, present work was aimed to study the histochemical characterization of mucosubstances in intestine of fresh water fish, Channa gachua after acute exposure to organophosphate pesticide dichlorvos. There was decrease in the secretion of neutral mucosubstances by the epithelial cells in exposed fishes. On the other hand secretion of neutral mucosubstances by G1- Goblet cells was decreased. In G2- goblet cells secretion of sulfomucins was enhanced but the secretion of neutral mucosubstances and sulfomucins was decreased in G3- Goblet cells.In submucosa, muscularis and serosa the neutral mucosubstances was decreased as well as the glycogen was also decreased in muscularis. From these results it is concluded that the pesticide exerts their effects in organ system of fish and decreases their food values.

165-169

Authors: Sajjan MB, Yadav OV, Jadhav BV and Patil RN

Chandoli National Park disseminates along the North Sahyadri Range of Western Ghats near the Chandoli Dam in Taluka Shirala, District Sangli of Western Maharashtra, India. It is located between 17º03ʹ to 17º20ʹ N and 73º46ʹ to 73º53ʹ E, with the elevation of about 589-1044 m above the sea level. An extensive survey for amphibian diversity was carried out by visual encounter method during June 2014 to May 2017 in selected spots from Chandoli National Park. A total of 27 species of amphibians belonging to 18 genera and 9 families and 2 orders ware recorded from the study area. 18 species are endemic to the Western Ghats and 2 species are endangered. Due to high altitude, perennial streams, reservoir and evergreen forest, the environmental conditions persist here are cool and humid. These conditions render good habitat to amphibian fauna.

174-176

Authors: Pentewar MS

An attempt has been made to study the Physico-chemical condition of water of Godavari river at Nanded district, M.S. India. The time period of study was July 2016 to June 2017. Three water samples were selected from different sites in each month for study. The parameters studies were Temperature, Turbidity, pH, DO, BOD, COD, Total Dissolved Solids and Suspended Solids. Almost all the parameters were found above the tolerance limit.

181-184

Authors: Khogare Balaji T, Kulal Shivaji R, Rangar Krishna K and Kokare Balasaheb N

Neem (Azadirachta indica) belonging to Maliaceae family is very important medicinal plant which is traditionally used to treat different diseases. Each part of the neem tree has some medicinal property and is thus commercially exploitable. It has been used in different medicinal systems: Ayurveda, unani, homeopathic medicine, therefore considered as cynosure of modern medicine. It is now considered as a valuable source of unique natural products for development of medicines against various diseases and also for the development of industrial products. The objective of this paper was to evaluate medicinal applications of neem in human life.

191-194

Authors: Banasode Ramadas Shamarao

The challenge of climate change as well as the conservation of biodiversity underscores the lack of vision and ethical thinking in the policies of the human being. Climate change is largely caused by the emission of Green House Gases. It is really challenging for human being to witness and confront the upcoming rapid climate changes that will be more acute even the age of dinosaurs. The rise in the sea level, change in cropping patterns, melting of glaciers, increasing number of climate refugee etc are the main results of the climate change. Biodiversity loss has severe consequence for humankind. To insure intra as well as intergenerational equity, it is essential to conserve biodiversity for sustainable development. With the help review approach, the present research work explores some effective measures and models for the conservation of biodiversity. In order to mitigate the influence of climate change and give boost to the conservation of biodiversity, the present short review stresses out some general but useful models and measures such as application of carbon footprint, ecological footprint, carbon neutrality, the new approach of geo-engineering and the technique of creating artificial glaciers.

200-203

Authors: Jagtap VA Bhagwan HK and Vhanalakar SA

The scolex is medium in size, globular in shape; the scolex is divided in to two regions. The anterior region is small in size, oval in shape, represented by two globular flaps with fan wise arrangement of muscles which are arranged in two. The accessory suckers are small in size, rounded in shaped. The scolex is followed by a long neck. The mature segments are large in size, The testes are medium in size, oval in shape, 140 in number, The cirrus pouch is large in size, oval in shape, opens sub marginal, The cirrus is medium width, coiled contained within the cirrus The internal seminal vesicle is situated posterior to the cirrus, which is small in size, oval The vas deferens is long, thin, extends The ovary is large in size, ‘U’ shaped in appearance, The vagina is medium the ootype The receptaulm seminis is largein size, oval in shape The ootype is medium in size, round in shape, situated. The genital pores are large in size, oval in shape; The vitellaria are follicular, in corticular and sub corticular regions and extends from the anterior to the posterior margin of the same in lateral fields. The longitudinal excretory canals are thin.