INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LIFE SCIENCES

9-16

Authors: Jiwatode Manisha M, Kariya Kiran P and Berad Baliram N

A novel chelating resin synthesized from phthalic acid, 1,5-naphthalene diamine with formaldehyde by condensation in glacial acetic acid. The structure of chelating resin was clearly elucidated by use of variety of spectral techniques, for example FTIR, 1HNMR and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The average molecular weight of terpolymer resin was determined by non-aqueous conductometric method. The empirical formula and empirical formula weight of the resin were determined by elemental analysis. Scanning electron microscopy was used to established surface features of the chelating resin. The ion exchange behavior of heavy metals, viz. Pb+2, Co+2, Cd+2 and Hg+2 was evaluated by batch equilibrium method. The study was extended to three variations evaluation of metal ion uptake in the presence of different electrolytes at different concentrations; evaluation of metal ion uptake at different pH; and evaluation of metal ion uptake at different times.

23-28

Authors: Mahendra Pratap Singh

Biivalent transition metal Mn(II), CO(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes of 3,4-{[-benze 1-sulphacetamide] imino] methyl} furan complexes derived from heterocyclic furfural and aniline sulphacetamide, have been synthesized and characterized by elemental, magnetic moment and electrochemical such as electronic spectra, IR Spectra and ESR Spectral studies. The ligand and metal complexes were screened for biological activity against Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria by the agar well diffusion method.

35-38

Authors: Jogi Pravin S, Deshmukh Umesh B and Shaikh Shadma

Present research work was subjected to deals with phytochemical study of extracts of newly identified plant Syzygium caryophyllifolia from Chandrapur forest region and also tested for antimicrobial activity against gram positive, gram negative and fungi. Extracts of leaves of plant was prepared in ethanol and ethyl acetate and tested for various biologically active constituents like alkaloid, terpenoid, flavonoid, tannine, saponnin, glycosides, steroids etc. The study revealed the presence of some biologically active component in the plant extract and also suggested that the leaves of Syzygium caryophyllifolia have promising biological activity against microorganism.

44-48

Authors: Satpute GD, Rewatkar SB, Gupta RG

The present investigation was undertaken the study of soil fertility status under rice cropping in different villages of Gadchiroli Tehsil of Gadchiroli District (M.S). Ten villages are taken under the study. These villages are Gadchiroli, Gogaon, Amirza, Ambeshiwani, Dongarrgaon (Tukum), Lanzeda, Navegaon, Porla, Potegaon, Yewali. The soil samples were taken from 0-15 cm with the auger before and after the rice cultivation during the year 2014-15 and 2015-16. The pH values of soils in all the villages slightly acidic in nature varied from 5.99 to 6.11. The mean values of EC were found a range varying from 0.05 to 0.13ds/m. with the safe limit. Organic carbon was found in low range. The fertility status of soil could be evaluated using nutrient index method and fertility indicator. Evaluated nutrient index of soil using organic carbon, the soil samples showed low level.

55-57

Authors: Bedare GR and Dhote AB

Presence of electron donor and electron acceptor group changes the relative strength of intermolecular interaction present in the liquids. Phytochemicals are naturally occurring in the medicinal plants, leaves, vegetables and roots that have defense mechanism and protect from various diseases. Extraction of brayophallum leaves in water was carried out using soxhelt extractor and its ultrasonic velocity, density and viscosity were measured at different temperatures. The data obtained from ultrasonic propagation parameters such as ultrasonic velocity, adiabatic compressibility, acoustic impedance, free length and their variation with temperature is useful in understanding the nature of molecular interaction in terms of physical parameters.

63-67

Authors: Hiware NN, Raut RD, Choudhary MD and Wasim Khan

The shorter reaction times offered by microwave assisted deals with the synthesis of p-methyl isonitrosophenyl acetate using p-cresol , acetic anhydride and n-amyl nitrite. The Fe(II), and Fe(III) complexes of Schiff base derived from p-methyl isonitrosophenyl acetate have been synthesized. The complexes of the type ML2 have been synthesized and characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, conductivity, magnetic measurement, IR and electronic spectral studies. The conductivity data of the complexes suggests their non electrolytic nature. The biological activity of Schiff base and their metal complexes are studied against gram positive and gram negative bacteria by disc diffusion technique which shows that complex exhibit promising antibacterial activity than that of Schiff base against tested bacteria.

73-74

Authors: Rewatkar Suresh B, Kalyankar Sarla N, Dhankar Raksha P and Kadu Ashwini M

The present work is related with the variation in viscosity with the concentration of the gum samples. The Gum Karaya is collected from Gadchiroli District of Maharashtra State during Summer-2017. The study of viscosity is carried out at 300C. The following results of relative viscosity are obtained. The calculated relative viscosities are 12.26, 13.18, 14.15, 15.29 and 16.58 for the concentration of the gum samples 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8% and 1.0% respectively.

86-88

Authors: Thakare Mahendra G

Water is essential for living things, including human being. It plays an important role to balance ecosystem by circulation from atmosphere to land and vice versa. Pure, safe and potable water makes its suitability for various uses. Water falls on land surface and drain into water bodies, including river carries heavy sediments which can be categories as physical, chemical and biological. The raw water of the river and its treatment in municipal water treatment plant is the way where quality can be assessed for potability. An attempt has been made to investigate the water quality of the river before and after treatment. Physical and chemical analysis of water shows reduction in water quality parameters viz., conductivity, acidity, total hardness and, sulphate. The result also shows the presence of residual chlorine in household tap water sample

95-100

Authors: Bodhe YG, Wadhai VS, Hajare JW and Atla DG

Present study was carried out to examine for the growth and survival of Channa marulias cultivated in glass aquaria. An experiment was conducted in four glass aquaria (size 90 × 30 cm) for a period of 21 days in January 2015. Six fishes of same size (age group) of Channa marulias, with mean initial length and weight of 6.5 ± 0.07cm and 5.8 ±0.04 g respectively were assigned to each aquaria. The aim of this work is to determine the concentration of bacterial pathogens to be inoculated in Channa marulias, so as to induce bacterial infection but not death during a period of at least two days and, therefore, enable the development of treatment protocols. The clinical exam was done 24 h after inoculation, and the clinical signs suggested bacterial infection in all fishes. In the lowest concentration, fishes demonstrated few clinical signs of disease, and in the highest concentration (4.5 x 106 CFU/ml), all fishes died within 24 - 48 hrs of bacterial induction with acute infection. In the intermediate concentration, all fishes presented clinical signs and kept living at the beginning of the time of treatment. Therefore, 2.4 × 106 CFU/ml concentrations were defined as viable for the study of experimental infection in different bacterial pathogens.

107-109

Authors: Thool Vaishali U and Khobragade Kavita D

Staphylococcus aureus is a nuisance pathogen and STX is the central eponymous feature of Staphylococcus aureus. To counteract with this global problem a more natural approach is required as antibiotic resistance is developing with the passage of time. The aim of this study was to study the antibacterial effect of Thyme EOs (EO) against STX producing Staphylococcus aureus isolates from various clinical samples. Thyme EO was found to be effective against all the S.aureus isolates (n=25). Antistaphylococcal activity of thyme oil showed the maximum inhibition zone of 22 mm. More such EOs should be explored for counteracting the increase in growing antibiotic resistance by STX producing staphylococcus isolates.

113-122

Authors: Awaley Mundeep G

Pure line seeds of local variety of Brassica compestris L. were used in the present study. The certified, healthy and dry seeds (10% moisture content) of these variety were procured from Krishi Viggyan Kendra, Nagpur. This variety well adapted to the agro climatic conditions. The seed of mustard were treated w ith different doses/treatment of physical mutagens. The physical mutagens used were gamma rays. Uniform healthy dry seeds (10% moisture content) of the mustard were exposed to different doses of gamma rays (10GY, 20GY, 30GY, 40GY, 50GY, 60GY, 70GY, 80GY, 90GY and 100GY) with a dose rate of 20Kr/20min. from 60 cobalt source at the Deparment of chemistry, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur. The mutagenic effect studied on M1 parameters included seed germination, Seedling height, plant survival, and various Quantitative traits. Seed germination, seedling growth, plant survival Increased with an increase in mutagenic treatment. Gamma rays proved to be most effective in causing maximum biological damage. Studies on various quantitative parameters showed the inhibitory effect of Lower treatments and stimulatory effect of Higher or intermediate treatments in M1 generation. The mean values for various quantitative traits Increased at higher treatments, but Inhibitory effects were noticed at some lower treatments. A significant amount of variability was induced in the treated populations as compared to Control. 70 Gy, 90Gy and 100 Gy treatments of gamma irradiation was found to be most effective.

135-142

Authors: Shende AN, Mohture VM and Korpenwar AN

Nagbhid is surrounded by abundance of nature and forest. Local people of the area depend on the forest products for earning money as well as aware of the various medicinal properties of the plant. In present study survey of ethnomedicinal plants was carried out during January 2014 to December 2015 from Nagbhid Tahsil. Ninety botanically important medicinal plants belonging to fourty nine families were identified with relevant information and are documented alphabetically with their botanical names followed by local name, family, parts used and modes of preparation of medicine. The local healers in this area use the medicinal plants in cure of various diseases. Documenting the indigenous knowledge is important for the conservation and utilization of biological resources of this area.

148-152

Authors: Patil SP and Kapgate DK

The present paper deals with the report of a new trilocular, triserial, capsular, monocot fruit from the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of Paladaun (Lat. 220 3’ 25.78’’N; Long. 780 56’ 17.53’’ E), Chhindwara district, Madhya Pradesh, India. The specimen is tricolular, elongated multiseeded, capsular, dehiscent fruit. The fruit measures about 8 mm in length and 3 mm in cross section tapering at both ends. The anatomy of fruit consists of outer pericarp, Pericarp is thick and differ into epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp. Each locule contains 12 seeds in two rows of 6 seeds each. Central axis is thick. Locules are separated by thin septa. Seeds are small and total 36 in all. Embryo is monocot type. Placentation is axile. Vasculature is seen along the central axis. Dehiscence is loculisidal type. The fossil fruit is named as Liliaceocarpon paladaunensis gen.et sp.nov.

157-160

Authors: Rajurkar AV, Tidke JA and Matte RS

Pollen morphology of seven genera viz., Kigellia pinnata, Milligtonia hortensis, Spathodea campanulata, Tabebuia argentea, Tabebuia rosea, Tecoma stans, Tecoma smithii belonging family Bignoniaceae have been examined by Light and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The pollen grains are medium sized, size ranges from 26.4- 44.95 µm, isopolar, radially symmetrical, tricolporate, oblate-sub-oblate, Sub-oblate to oblate spheroidal, prolate-spheroidal, the sexine ornamentation ranges from reticulate to microreticulate. The present reports give an account of pollen morphological variations in seven genera of Bignoniaceae growing in S. G. B. Amravati University campus which can be used as an identification character for the species.

165-168

Authors: Gond GS, Khirade PD, Dudhe SS and Sharma MA

Dendrophthoe falcata (Linn F.) Etting. commonly known as ‘Vanda’ belongs to family Loranthaceae. This is an evergreen parasitic plant grown on different host plant. This plant species is known to have medicinally important bioactive compounds. Phytochemical analysis is worthy step in detection of phytochemicals. It may add valuable informative data lead to novel drug discovery. Present investigation was carried out to investigate and examine phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of Dendrophthoe falcata (Linn. f.) Etting. In this study extracts of leaves was utilized for phytochemical and antimicrobial screening using standard methods. The screening resulted in the detection of tannins, flavonoids, saponins, terpanoids, reducing sugars, anthraquinone and alkaloids. Leaves methanolic extract have been found to have in vitro antimicrobial properties at different concentrations.

173-176

Authors: Meshram SM and Mohture VM

A well preserved dicotyledonous fossil seed was collected from Singhpur M.P. The seed is polygonal in shape, measuring about 5 mm in length and 2.5 mm in breadth, showing stalk like structure at the top with a slit which might be representing the micropyle. The seed coat is bitegmic having outer integument and inner integument. The embryo is very small and occupies the minimum space of the seed. The seed though shows some resemblances of the present day families like Apocynaceae, Alangiaceae, Bignoniaceae, Boraginaceae, Companulaceae, Compositeae, Loganiaceae, Martyniaceae, Pedaliaceae, Pittosporaceae, Sapotaceae, Solanaceae, Verbenaceae, and Convolvulaceae Polygalaceae, Simaroubaceae, Celastraceae, Rhamnaceae. It has close affinities with the members of the family Polygalaceae. It could not conclusively be traced to any particular genus but it broadly placed under Polygalaceae.

181-185

Authors: Ghugal SI

The seeds of Brassica carinata were stored and isolated twenty two seed storage fungi in seed samples by agar plate method and blotter method throughout the year on a monthly basis. Major predominant fungi were Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, A. candidus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium oxysprorum, Penicillium chrysogenum and P. Oxalicum. Seed sample evaluated for the crude protein, oil, starch and sugars on monthly basis of one year storage and shows significant decreased subsequently with an increase in storage period. It was observed that the percentage change over control in protein, oil and starch was -31.79 %, -24.09 % and -52.74 % respectively at the end of year. Total sugar, reducing and non-reducing sugars were found to be decreased till 8th months of a year of the storage period but subsequently increased at the end of storage period.

189-191

Authors: Dudhe SS and Khirade PD

The weed Hyptis suaveolens L. belonging to family Lamiaceae. It is growing in Maharashtra especially in vidarbha region and found growing luxuriantly on boundary of crop fields, on sides of railway tracks and road sides. Plants already grown in fields were sprayed with aqueous concentration of glyphosate herbicide at various concentration like 100-3000 ppm. 3000 ppm considered to be lethal dose for plant. Anatomical changes like desiccation of epidermal cells, lacunae were found in cortical cells of stem, leaf showed mesophyll cells of leaf lamina was desiccated and destruction of palisade and spongy cells, and petiole showed remarkable changes at lower to higher concentration like lacuna formed at phloem region, distortion and disorganization of cortical cells while root showed epidermis and cortical cells distorted due to cambial activity, as compare the control.

195-197

Authors: Dudhe NS, Srinivasu T and Dudhe SS

The following plant records from the Chandrapur District of Maharashtra State during the field survey. The author collected some uncommon taxa from the different localities during the preparation of digital database of dicot plants of Chandrapur District, which were not recorded so far in the early floristic documentation. Four species belongs to four different families, were collected, identified and recorded as new additions to the existing floristic record of Chandrapur District. The species are Nopalea cochenillifera Salm. Dyck. (Cactaceae), Glochidion ellipticum Wight. (Euphorbiaceae), Ficus palmata Forsk. (Moraceae) and Hygrophila erecta Hochr. (Acanthaceae). A taxonomic description along with Electronic Herbarium were prepared for each taxon.

201-203

Authors: Shende AN and Korpenwar AN

Airborne mites are the main material found in intramural dust. Dust is fine dry powder and it consists of various particles. Dust mites found in poultry dust are allergens causing allergy in sensitive individuals. Some of them have also been found to cause diseases in poultry birds. The mites were picked up from intramural dust of poultry farm. Air sampling was done by using Tilak Air Sampler. The dust from poultry form was collected and scanned under binocular microscope during study period June 2016 to May 2017.The mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus were in more number followed by Dermanyssus farinae which is actually associate with poultry birds i.e. chicken mites. The observation revealed mites found exhibiting seasonal fluctuations. Further investigation would include exploring more biodiversity of mites in intramural environment. Allergen load of mites in dust samples and clinical investigation.

207-209

Authors: Ahuja Sangeeta and Pandhure Narayan

Water pollution is serious problem now days. Among various remedies to control water pollution naturally, pollution tolerant plant species plays their vital role in controlling water pollution. The present paper deals with the identification of pollution conrolling aquatic plants growing in the water environment of Salim Ali Lake, Aurangabad. Knowledge of the qualitative and quantitative composition of water is the first step to reveal the nature of the particular environmental problem. One of the most important environmental areas is the quality of life giving water. During the investigations it was observed that 42 aquatic plants species, out of which 22 species belonged to Dicotyledons and 12 plant species of monocotyledons representing 24 families. Dicot dominates over monocot in the ration of 5:3. These plants can be utilized for removal of the heavy metal pollutants from the polluted water bodies without disturbing the lives of other flora and fauna. It may be concluded that these aquatic plants, which employ solar energy, can be utilized heavy metals from waste water for the scavenging for water purification.

212-214

Authors: Rikkula Roja Prakash

People lives in Telangana, Andrapradesh, and some areas of Maharashtra and Karnataka celebrate their new year on Ugadhi. Ugadhi Celebrate on chaitrashudhaekadashi, in this special day they make ugadhipachidi as a prashadam for their deity, ugadhipachadi has to be prepared, almanac will kept before they deity in the prayer room. After general puja people have to take ugadhipachadi as prasadam with empty stomach and listen panchangasravanam. The science behand this traditional food is to improve immunity and to prepare their psychology for future problems. This food is made from six different items that is mango, neem flower, tamarind, jaggery, salt, red chili powder which represent our life with many experience like surprises, sadness, disgust, happiness, fear and anger that has to be accepted through that year. All items in this food have medicinal value which helps sustain during seasonal changes.

226-234

Authors: Deshmukh GD and Dhamani AA

The present study was undertaken to explore species diversity of birds, seasonal abundance of birds and their migratory pattern in and arrond the study area. The study site (20º33’N to 20º35’N and longitude 79 º39’2E to 79 º39’4E) spreads over an area of 20 Km2 located near Nagbhid, taluka level town in Eastern part of Vidarbha of Maharashtra State. It comprises numerous ponds and lakes apart from large Ghodazari Lake. It presents unique geographical site having mountaneous dry deciduous tropical forest, dominated by teak Tectona grandis and bamboo Dendrocalamus strictus, interspersed with meadows and paddy cultivations. A toal of arround 120 species belonging to 50 families 17 orders were recorded during Jan, 2015 to Dec. 2017. The species recorded included 6 Breeding Migrant (BM), 32 Passage Migrant (PM) and 82 Residents (R). Among the orders, Passeriformes is the richest order in terms of avian species diversity, represented by 56 species while family Muscicapidae is found predominant. Wooly necked stork newly recorded during the present study is vulnerable (VU) species according to IUCN red data list. Present study will helps in designing conservation strategy as this aquatic ecosystem adversely affected by fishing and agricultural activity which leads to bio-accumulation of pesticide in the pond posing serious threat and hence require immediate attention.

240-246

Authors: Chaudhari SS, Bakare SS & Dhamani AA

The larval hindgut of dragonfly Bradinopyga geminata (Rambur), was studied with light microscopy. The hindgut of dragonfly differentiate into ileum and rectum. The ileum is narrow tubular at anterior and posteriorly it is dilated spherical bulb. Ileum is located between midgut and rectum of hindgut. Ileum occupies the 20% length of total length of the alimentary canal. In the transverse section of ileum measure 430µm- 450µm diameter approximately. The internal 6 longitudinal folds are of unequal height and project into the lumen irregularly. The epithelium of ileum is consists single layer cuboidal epithelium with finely granular cytoplasm. The inner surface of the epithelium covered with by a prominent cuticle. The rectum is usually enlarged sac like structure which posteriorly connects with anal tube, the modified structure of anterior rectum in dragonfly is branchial chamber. It occupies the one third length of the alimentary canal. Rectum of dragonfly larvae is almost 3 times bigger in diameter than that of ileum. The rectum of larval dragonflies serves various functions such as swimming by jet-propulsion, breathing, storage of lipid and glycogen, and osmoregulatory salt uptake. Rectal basal pads encloses medulary fat cells from which pass trachea, number of gills projects into a rectal lumen and cover the maximum area of rectal lumen gills are underlying by thin cuticle.

254-258

Authors: Murkute VB and Chavan AW

An algal bloom is a rapid increase or accumulation in population of algae in aquatic ecosystem and it is recognized by discoloration in water from their pigments. Harmful algal blooms are a rapid uncontrolled growth of algae in aquatic environment. Excess proliferation of phytoplankton species such as Dinoflagellates, Diatoms and Cyanobacteria are referred as harmful algal blooms. Harmful algal blooms represent natural phenomena which poses serious problems to human health, environmental sustainability and aquatic life due to the production of toxic or accumulated biomass. In the present study also, the Lendra pond is suffering from such Harmful Algal Blooms which have already creates its harmful effect on aquatic fauna and indirectly affecting the human health. The sustainability of pond is also in danger. Mass fish kill was reported from Lendra pond which is the result of Harmful Algal Blooms. It is very important to sustain the life of such water bodies to perish our environment and ultimately the human health, too.

263-266

Authors: Meshram UG, Dahare RB and Dhamani AA

Zooplanktons are cosmopolitan in nature and inhabit all freshwater habitats of the world, including polluted, industrial and municipal waste waters. Zooplankton forms an important link in the food chain, food webs, energy flow and cycling of matter. The present investigation made an attempt to study the zooplanktons in Balsamudra lake during the year 2013-2014. Quantitative study of plankton was done by Sedgwick-Rafter cell method. In the present investigation, Rotifera is dominant followed by Protozoa, Cladocera, Copepoda and Ostracoda.

271-274

Authors: Kulkarni Rajlaxmi Ranrag and Zade SB

Rotifers are the connecting link between primary producers and consumers in aquatic food web. Ramala Lake is a historical impoundment situated in the heart of Chandrapur city. In present investigation zooplankton composition of water indicate more rotarian diversity in comparison to other groups. Rotifers stood first not only quantitatively but qualitatively also. The group was represented by 21 species of 12 genera.

279-282

Authors: Tichkule GC and Bakare SS

The Fishes are rich in protein, healthy and delicious food for man. They occupy all three levels in aquatic ecosystem such as primary, secondary and tertiary consumers of food web. The present investigation was aim to observe the ichthyofaunal diversity in Purkabodi lake, near Lakhani. It is 24km towards East from district headquarter Bhandara and situated on both side of NH-6 India. The wild life sanctuary Nagzira and Koka are about 30to 40km from Lakhani. The study was carried out for a year from October 2013 to September 2014. Literally there is no report on the fish diversity in this lake. During the study, total 23 species were identified belonging to 7 order and 13 families.

286-288

Authors: Pimpalshende Atul K and Sitre Shashikant R

The present study was carried out on Satara Bhosale and Satara Tukum lake of Pombhurna tehsil in Chandrapur district(M.S.) to analyze the benthic fauna present in it. 25 different benthic macrovertebrate forms belonging to Annelida, Nematoda, Arthropoda and Mollusca were found in lakes. 17 species observed in Satara Tukum lake and 24 species observed in Satara Bhosale lake. The diversity of species of Satara Tukum Lake is less than Satara Bhosale lake indicating that Satara Bhosale lake harbors more forms and is quite rich in biodiversity as compared to Satara Tukum.

6-10

Authors: Chandirasekar R*, Uthayakumar V, Anitha E, Mekala S, Mathivanan S, Raghadevi M

Tobacco use is the world’s leading cause of death, it is estimated that around 4.9 million deaths occur annually due to tobacco, and it is expected to rise to about 10 million by 2030. The use of smokeless tobacco in most of its forms possesses a substantial oral cancer risk at least in the developing countries where they are closely linked to socio cultural conditions. The primary aim of the study was to evaluate the cytogenetic and genotoxic changes in smokeless tobacco users. About 156 smokeless tobacco users have been enrolled and categorized into two groups on the basis of duration of their habit and equal number controls have been enrolled with age and sex matched non-tobacco users. We observed alteration in the incidence of chromosomal anomaly and micronuclei frequencies among the exposed and controls subjects by using the peripheral blood cells and buccal cells. The smokeless tobacco users exhibited varied levels of damages than non-users and predominantly in group II subjects with the higher duration of habit. In conclusion, use of smokeless tobacco for a longer duration caused more damages in comparison short term use and controls and awareness about the harmful effects of tobacco use is very low in rural populations.

17-24

Authors: Ragadevi M, Chitra E, Jayasurya K, Sakthivel M, Uthayakumar V, Chandirasekar R, Sreedevi PR, Ramasubramanian V, and Sivasankar V

In the present study hepatoprotective activity of fish oil against alcohol induced hepatic damage in albino rats was evaluated. Hepatic injury was induced by administering 3 mL of 40% alcohol orally. The levels of liver marker enzymes such as ALT, AST, ACP, ALP, LDH, SGPT, SGOT and GGT significantly increased (P<0.05) in alcohol induced hepatic injury group when compare to control. But, when the rats are administered with the combination of Eel fish and Cod liver oil mixed standard diet, the levels of liver marker enzymes showed a better reduction than in rats administered with standard diet (control) and Eel fish oil standard diet. The level of DNA damage was assessed by Comet assay and the Mean Tail Length and Mean Tail Movement was found to be significantly lower (P<0.05) in rats administered with alcohol plus Eel and Cod liver oil mixed standard diet in comparison with control (standard diet) and Eel fish oil mixed standard diet groups. The number of micronucleated hepatocytes was significantly reduced in rats administered with Eel and Cod liver oil mixed standard diet (0.3616±0.04633) than in standard diet (1.4426±0.30871). On the whole, our study concludes that, oral administration of Eel and Cod liver oil reversed the alcohol induced hepatic injury and thus it can be used as a hepatoprotective agent.

31-40

Authors: Chaudhary Ruchira, Sairkar Manisha and Sairkar Pramod

MTCYB gene produces a protein which is a component of respiratory chain complex III. This gene is also important in phylogenetic relationships between and among species. Presently many hereditary carcinomas are also associated with the alterations of this gene. The aim of the current study is to develop primers for amplification and sequencing of complete human mitochondrial cytochrome b (CYTB) gene and use of the FTA card for isolation and preservation of mitochondrial DNA. DNA from 6 blood samples were isolated by the phenol chloroform method as well as by the FTA card method which was further used for the PCR amplification and sequencing process. Novel human mitochondrial cytochrome b (CYTB) gene specific primers (two sets) were designed and examined for amplification and sequencing. DNA trapped on FTA cards and DNA isolated by the phenol chloroform method produced a brighter clear band of approximately 1320 bp with both designed primers. During sequencing reverse and forward primers of both primer sets were produced good quality DNA sequence and prepared consensus sequences covers complete cytochrome b (CYTB) gene. Whatman FTA Classic card was successfully used for storage and amplification of Human mitochondrial DNA as well as, two sets of Human mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) gene specific novel primers namely MVM-MT-Cyb-01 and MVM-MT-Cyb-02.

49-59

Authors: Ningthoujam Sonia, Myrene R Dsouza and Alisha

Parkia speciosa Hassk. (Petai or Stink bean, Family Fabaceae) is a traditio-nally consumed medicinal plant for liver disease, oedema, kidney inflame-mation, diabetes and as an anthelmintic. The phytochemical analysis of seeds of P. speciosa in water, methanol and hydromethanolic (1:1) extracts revealed the presence of carbohydrates, amino acid, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, xanthoproteins and phenols. In vitro antioxidant capacity by linear regression analysis was measured by assaying DPPH radical and H2O2 scavenging capacities. Their respective IC50 values were found to be 315.75 μg/ml and 166.63 μg/ml. The hydromethanolic extract gave total phenolic, total flavonoids and FRAP values of 13.54±0.0163 mg GAE/g, 5.46±0.011 mg/g QE/g and 1.9 mM FeSO4 respectively. The IC50 values for in vitro anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated by the following assays: lipoxygenase inhibition (IC50 = 493.34μg μg/ml), proteinase inhibition (IC50 = 1142.3 μg μg/ml) and RBC membrane stabilization (IC50 = 67.01 μg μg/ml) at different concentrations using aspirin as control. Studies were also carried out to assess the anti-diabetic potential by assaying the ability of the plant to inhibit pancreatic lipase and amylase activities. The % inhibition at 500 μg/ml of the plant extracts were found to be 89.5% (for lipase) and 79.2% (for amylase). Antimicrobial activity of the extracts was studied against common pathogens (S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae). The zone of inhibition was observed using well diffusion method.

67-72

Authors: Pradeepa K and Lakshman Kumar B

Among the serious complications people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) experience, cardiovascular disease heads the list. Having RA doubles the risk of most heart problems, including heart attack, stroke and atherosclerosis - the build-up of fat, cholesterol and cellular debris (plaque) on blood vessel walls. Hence the present study targeted the I/D polymorphism in angiotensin 1 converting enzyme (ACE) gene using Insertion specific PCR and methylation status of angiotensin 1 converting enzyme (ACE) gene using methylation specific PCR in 30 RA patients confirmed by Rheumatoid factor (RF) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) values. ID genotype was the predominant genotype in patients and controls. II genotype was higher in controls compared to patients. Methylation pattern analysis using MS-PCR suggested equal distribution of methylated and unmethylated regions of ACE gene in patients and controls thus suggesting lack of CVD risk. But in order to confirm, a higher sample size needs to be further probed.

77-84

Authors: Chandirasekar R, Uthayakumar V, Anitha E, Mekala S, Mathivanan R, Raghadevi M

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is a complex genetic disease, associated with environmental and genetic factors. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) plays an important role in the development of SLE, is expressed in a wide range of tissues including lung, vascular endothelium, kidney, cardiac muscles and testis. ACE gene I/D polymorphisms, particularly the DD genotype has been associated with lupus susceptibility and with risk of renal and cardiovascular disease. This study analysed the ACE gene polymorphic variants among the recruited 48 SLE patients (SLE was confirmed by Anti nuclear antibody (ANA) and dsDNA tests) associated with the cardiovascular and renal disease and 48 controls. The present study also analyzed the biochemical parameters (total serum cholesterol HDL, LDL, VLDL, TGL) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in SLE patients and controls. Our study found that, SLE patients had higher levels of cholesterol (40%) than controls and the and CRP was found to be higher in SLE patients in comparison with controls and established normal reference range (<5mg/L). The distribution of genotype in SLE patients was DD 62.50%, ID 20.83% and II 16.66%. A significantly higher frequency of DD genotype (p<0.0004) was observed in SLE patients in comparison with controls.

91-95

Authors: Babitha Bhaskaran, Sushmitha Shankar and Nagaraj Sonu

The present investigation was carried out to enhance the production of lipase enzyme by genetic modification of the fungi Aspergillus niger by induced mutagenesis (UV irradiation and Ethidium bromide). Aspergillus niger strain was isolated from enriched soil sample and strains were further screened for the production of lipase using Rhodamine plate method. Strain improvement was achieved in presence of Ethidium bromide with concentration of 200μgcm-3 in combination with treatment under UV for 300s which was proved to be effective for enhanced lipase production. The results also indicates that chemical mutagenesis in combination with physical mutagenesis proved to be effective for stain improvement in A. niger. The selected mutant can be considered as a prospective candidate for the production of extracellular lipase for various industrial applications.

12-16

Authors: Mali Vidya C, Rangar Krishna K, Kumbhar Deepak A and Lavate Rajendra A

The study aims to find out the quality of borewell water used for drinking purpose and at household level in Jath city of Maharashtra. Underground water is the most necessary source of water. So, the present work deals with valuation of borewell water of different ten places in Jath city carried out in year 2016-2017. The Physico-Chemical Parameters such as pH, Electrical Conductivity, Dissolved Oxygen, Total Dissolved Solid, Alkalinity, Temperature, Total Hardness are studied to measure quality of water.

21-24

Authors: Desai TH and Bhilave MP

Hematological profile of fishes gives the physiological status of fish’s wellbeing. When the fish is exposed to any toxicant, it affects the blood and then consequently other vital organs are deformed. Hence in the present study hematological profile of freshwater fish Cirrhinus mrigala is studied after acute exposure to methanol. The fishes were exposed to lethal and sub lethal concentrations for 96 hrs. The results reviled that values of Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Total Erythrocyte Count (TEC) and Hemoglobin (Hb) decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in the treated group as compared to the control group. Whereas the values of Total Leucocytes Count (TLC), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) increased significantly (P < 0.05) in all exposed group than the control.

29-42

Authors: Lavate Rajendra A, Khot Vasundhara V, Sathe Sanjay S and Jagtap Mamata A

Studies on the flora of Raje Ramrao Mahavidyalaya campus, Jath was conducted from December, 2010 to December, 2017. A total of 318 species representing 232 genera belonging to 69 families were collected, identified and enumerated. A total of 180 genera representing 248 species identified are dicotyledons and 70 species of 52 genera are monocotyledons. Considering the rapidly changing land use in the campus for building and road construction, much attention should be paid towards the conservation of both flora and fauna, for which the present survey provide baseline data.

48-52

Authors: Gurav Kuladip and Jadhav (Rathod) Varsha

In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to appraise proximate and mineral composition of Zanthoxylum rhetsa DC. And Glycosmis pentaphylla. (Retz)DC. The fruits are used by rural people of Kolhapur district as their in food and medicine. Hence in present investigation unripened and ripened fruits are selected for determining the nutritional potential and ethnomedicinal importance. In present study higher amount of Moisture (60.0 ±1.42%), Crude protein (3.5 ±0.5%), Reducing sugar (2.7 ±0.40%), Total sugar (4.1±0.70%), Starch (5.8 ±0.37%) and Energy (273±34.74KJ/100g.) in ripened fruit of Glycosmis pentaphylla. Highest amount of Dry content (53.2 ±0.32%), Ash (4.0 ±0.10 %) and Crude fibre (6.5±0.51%) and crude fat (5.5 ±1.56%) found within unripened fruit of Zanthoxylum rhetsa. Among the various macronutrients and micronutrients estimated in the fruits Magnesium (1150±0.03mg) was present in highest quantity, followed by sulphur (920±0.14mg) and calcium (890±0.08mg) in ripened fruit of Glycosmis pentaphylla. Only zinc was (2.0.±0.04) higher reported in ripened fruits of Zanthoxylum rhetsa. Unripened fruit of Glycosmis pentaphylla. shows Maximum concentration of Magnesium (1050±0.15) followed by calcium (1010±0.026). While only sodium (820±0.10) was maximum reported in unripened fruit of Zanthoxylum rhetsa. On the basis of above investigation fruit of both the plants play a very significant role in food supplement of rural people and also beneficial for health care.

57-61

Authors: Suryawanshi Madhuri and Jadhav (Rathod) Varsha

The Semicarpus anacardium L.f. commonly known as bhallataka belonging to family Anacardiaceae. The fruit is also known as marking nut. The fruit are edible and it is reported to the astringent, anti-rheumatic, carminative and vesicant. The present paper deals with phytochemical, proximate and antioxidant analysis of mature and ripened fruits was investigated. The mature fruit shows higher content of moisture, ash, crude fiber and dry matter whereas crude fat is higher in ripen fruits. Ash is the inorganic residue remaining after the water and organic matter have been removed. Powder behavior indicated alkaloids, cysteine, xanthoprotein and starch. In preliminary phytochemical screening shows presence of alkaloids, saponins, caumarins, glycosides, tannins, and flavone. In Antioxidant analysis, carotenoids observed in mature fruits is 13±0.06 mg/100gm.whereas, total polyphenol in mature fruits is5.08±0.02 mg/100gm.Carotenoids and polyphenolshave an important antioxidant function of deactivating free radicals. They are the most important antioxidants in human diet.

67-72

Authors: Matwal SR, Desai SS, Bhopale LP and Walvekar MV*

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is most extensive factor secreted by subman-dibular gland and it has important physiological roles like cell proliferation, regulates tissue differentiation and modulates organogenesis. This study was carried out to investigate potential effect of submandibular gland secreted epidermal growth factor (EGF) on acetaminophen induced acute liver damage. Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose causes acute liver injury or even death in both humans and experimental animals. For this study mice were divided into three groups viz- i. Control ii. Control + APAP iii. Sialoadenectomy (submandibular gland removed) +APAP group. Mice were given acetamin-ophen (300 mg/kg; orally) to induce acute liver injury. After 1, 3,6,12, 96 hr of APAP administration. histology of liver and SGOT , SGPT from blood was studied. Acetaminophen significantly increased the levels of SGOT, SGPT and also caused severe necrotic changes in liver tissue. In group III i.e. in Sialo-adenectomy+APAP there was significant increase in both the enzymes i.e. SGOT and SGPT as compared to group II i. e. Control+APAP and as time pro-gressed i.e. from 1,3,6,12,96 hr there was significant increase in both enzymes and show maximum value in 96 hr post treatment. Our result indicate that submandibular gland EGF have role in proliferation of hepatocytes.

77-82

Authors: Vibhute Shivaji M

The observation of biodiversity of snakes was carried out in Atpadi city and adjoining area from last 10 years. This work was done in the study area as a rescue operation. The record of rescued snakes was kept for last 10 years and the snakes were released in their natural habitat away from human habitat. Many species of snakes recorded here are endangered and found only in India only like Rat snake, Indian Cobra, etc. In recent years it was also observed that there is a sharp increase in number of Russels Viper. Out of big four poisonous snakes Indian Cobra, Russels Viper and Common krait were recorded in this area. In recent times more victims of Russels Viper snake bite were recorded in this area. Along with these poisonous snakes in all 13 species of poisonous and nonpoisonous snakes are recorded in this area.

86-88

Authors: Kulkarni Narendra A

The study area is the coastal Maharashtra which lies between 15°44' N to 20°08' N and 72°44' E to 73°39' E. The study area has tropical climatic conditions. Three distinct seasons are observed as Monsoon (June to Sept.), Winter (Oct. to Jan.) and Summer (Feb. to May). The maximum annual rainfall that occurs along the coast is 2500 mm. The relative humidity ranges between 60 to 80%. The temperature varies from 20° C to 35° C. Mangroves ecosystem is known for its high productivity. The mangroves function as a source of food and shelter to the variety of animals like herbivores, detritivores and carnivores. Animals play a key role in making the mangrove ecosystem highly productive. Mangroves play important role in feeding the variety of animals at their juvenile stage. Mangroves show diversified avi-faunal members. Many of the bird species are associated with the mangroves, for many reasons. Birds use the mangroves for nesting, breeding and as a source of secondary food. Some birds are fish-catcher. The most common birds observed in the mangrove ecosystem are Herons, Egrets, Lapwings, Plover, Gulls, Terns, Storks, Hawks, Kites, Eagles, Hornbills and Kingfishers. The birds may either be permanent or temporary residents on mangrove trees. Some of the resident birds are highly depend on mangroves for their survival. Some of the birds are recorded during the present field studies.

93-95

Authors: Ingole Sitaram B

Majalgaon Dam was constructed on the River Sindphana which is a tributary of River Godavari, in Beed District (Maharashtra, India) in 1987.The River Sindphana has been under constant threat of pollution by sewage and industrial wastes, disposal of dead bodies, deforestration, excessive useof fertilizers and pesticides, bathing and water development programmes. The dam has a catchment area is 3840 sq. km. It is of great Importance for the region because its water is used for human and cattle consumption, power generation, fish production and irrigation. A total of 33 species of phytoplanktons, 29 species of zooplanktons and 11 species of fishes were identified. The importance of plankton in fisheries is well established. It has been clearly demonstrated that the zooplankton constitute the only food for the fish fry and the adult fish not only eat them, but also select them as a delectable item.Thus zooplankton have a direct bearing in the fish industry. In India, several studies were conducted in reservoirs elucidating the characteristics of zooplankton.The zooplankton peak was found during summer followed by winter and rainy season.Microfauna (zooplankton) was observed about four groups as Rotifera observed about eleventh species, Copepoda observed about nine species, Cladocera observed seven species and Ostracoda observed about two species. The macro fauna or fish fauna were observed at the Majalgaon Dam reservoir. There are culture of fish with quick growing varieties of fishes including Indian Major Carps, exotic species have been popular in recent time. There is abundance of the species such as Labeo rohita, Cirrhina mrigal, Catla catla, Cyprinus carpio, Silver carp, Wallago atta, Mystacenbelus armatus, Notoptemus chital, Puntues ticto, Channa staitus, Mystus seenghala, Mystus cavaassius, Eutroplus suratensis, Belon concila, Chela, Tilapia Mossambica, Rohtee alfrediana, Gobius giuris, etc. Fish is economically a very important group of animals be side being used as food. Fish liver is an important source of oil containing Vitamins A and D, several minerals and protein.

101-104

Authors: Shinde Archana, Kuralapkar DD and Gaikwad DK

The allelopathic effect of the aqueous leaf extract of Azardichata indica and Ageratum conyzoides L. on the seed germination and growth of the seedlings of Capsicum annum L. was studied by applying five different treatments (5,10,20 and 30%) of leaf extracts of Ageratum conyzoides and Azardichata indica. The experiment was conducted in sterilized petri dishes with photoperiod of 24 hr. The effect of different concentration of aqueous extract were compared to distilled water used as control. Results exhibited that seed germination inhibition because of allelopathic effect was found in the varieties of chili treated with different concentrations of leaf extract. All four-concentration considered for treatment showed inhibitory effect on germination of seeds in capsicum. It highest degree of inhibition in radicle and plumule growth of the test plant i.e., C. annum (L.) was observed in 30% concentration of both the leaf extracts.

108-110

Authors: Deshmukh SB and Kulkarni MY

The present research paper reports the checklist of piscivorours birds of Tippehalli reservoir, Jath, dist- Sangli. Jath is an arid prone area. Tipphalli is man-made reservior which shows diverse flora and fauna. The reservior is situated in between agriculture land and sugar industry. The fishery is done in this reservior. The reservior contain algae, aquatic weeds, phytoplankton, zooplankton which is favourable for fish development. Fishes, crustacean, amphibians are attractive to the birds. The reservoir shows residential, local migratory, migratory, winter migratory, piscivorous birds the study was conducted during march 2016 to February 2017, during study period about 19 species of piscivorous birds was recorded out of that 10 spp. are resident, 3 local migratory, 3 migratory, 1 winter migratory, 2 resident migratory was recorded, the anthropogenic activity; increasing agricultural land was affected the piscivorous birds of Tippehalli reservior.

117-124

Authors: Chougule AA, Kadam GH and Raut PD

Birds are very significant biological component of ecosystem which indicates the quality of environment. They are the easiest to survey and study. The importance of the avifaunal study is indicator of the status of the environment of the study area, and therefore, were selected for comprehensive assessment. Recently, ornithologists came with the first ultimate checklist of Indian birds, putting the number of species across the country at 1,263. This avifaunal study was carried out during the period 2014-2017, in and around proposed nuclear power plant site at Jaitapur, Maharashtra. There are total 146 species of birds listed belonging to 18 orders and 55 families were recorded. From the 18 orders Passeriformes is the one of the largest order was observed with 57 bird’s species and 28 families. Out of these 146 species 49 of water birds were recorded. These bird species are inhibiting in the water bodies and wetlands. There are 24 species recorded dominant. The most dominant species are Brahminy Kite, Rock Pigeon, White Throated Kingfisher, River Tern, Laughing Dove, Black Drongo, Indian Robin, Green Bee Eater, Ashy Prinia, Red Vented Bulbul, Red whiskered bulbul, white browed wagtail, common myna, coppersmith barbet, grey heron etc. The detailed results are discussed in the paper.

129-132

Authors: Patil TC, Gejage RM and Bodare RD

Changes in triacylglycerol lipase activity during larval development of E.vittella have been attempted. The larval developmental period was found to be 17 days. The maximum triacylglycerol lipase activity was observed in 11-day old larvae of E. vittella. The triacylglycerol lipase activity revealed optimum pH 8, substrate concentration 5% and Km value was found to be 0.14273 ×10-2 mM. The specific activity of 5th day, 11th day and 17th day larvae was found to be 13.625, 22.838, and 16.435 μmol free fatty acids/mg protein/25minutes respectively. The gradual increase in triacylglycerol lipase activity noted from 5-day old larvae to 11-day old larvae and gradual decrease from 11-day old larvae to 17-day old larvae. The mean and standard deviation of larval triacylglycerol lipase was 18.893 and 2.5007 respectively. The physiological role of triacylglycerol lipase during larval development of E. vittella is discussed.

139-141

Authors: Khot SS, Kate SV, Yadav Amruta, Satpute Pooja and Ghatage Ashwini

Chromolaena odorata (Synonym- Eupatorium rugosum) is a member of Family Asteraceae and known as white snakeroot. It is locally called as jungle-modi as it grows rapidly in disturbed areas and inhibits germination of other plants in the vicinity. To understand its effects on cell division, 10, 20 and 50% aqueous extract of leaves of E. rugosum were used to treat the roots. Onion bulbs with 48 hr old roots were exposed to the extracts for 1 hrs and then fixed in Cornoy’s alcoholic acetic acid. The squash prepared in 1% aceto-carmine were analysed under 40X objective lens for mitotic index and abnormalities. Experiments showed that mitotic index was maximum in control roots, and decreased in treated roots. E. rugosum induced mitotic abnormalities namely scattering of chromosomes at anaphase, formation of bridge, laggard and rings etc. in the root tips.

144-147

Authors: Kamble Priyadarshani and Karande VC

Blue Green Algae which are also called as cyanobacteria are one of the most important nitrogen fixing photoautotrophs present on the earth since 3.5 billion years. They are known to be found in almost all photic habitats including water bodies, glaciers as well as all terrestrial ecosystems. Paddy fields represent one such habitat. Because of their autotrophic and diazotrophic nature they flourish in rice fields and known to sustain the fertility of this ecosystem. They vary in their morphology. Some of them are unicellular while some are multicellular filamentous. An attempt has been made to document unicellular cyanobacteria from rice fields of Satara district in Maharashtra State. As many as 18 species of unicellular cyanobacteria were recorded from the study area. Order Chroococcales has been reported by nine of genera and 18 species. The genera Aphanocapsa, Aphanothece and Gloeocapsa were frequently reported.

153-158

Authors: Kadam PL and Patil RN

Direct discharge from agricultural runoff and industrial effluent in to river, ponds and lakes causing serious environmental pollution. These runoff and effluent contain toxicant which exerts their effect on aquatic animals particularly fish by interfering their physiological processes. Therefore, present work was aimed to study the histochemical characterization of mucosubstances in intestine of fresh water fish, Channa gachua after acute exposure to organophosphate pesticide dichlorvos. There was decrease in the secretion of neutral mucosubstances by the epithelial cells in exposed fishes. On the other hand secretion of neutral mucosubstances by G1- Goblet cells was decreased. In G2- goblet cells secretion of sulfomucins was enhanced but the secretion of neutral mucosubstances and sulfomucins was decreased in G3- Goblet cells.In submucosa, muscularis and serosa the neutral mucosubstances was decreased as well as the glycogen was also decreased in muscularis. From these results it is concluded that the pesticide exerts their effects in organ system of fish and decreases their food values.

165-169

Authors: Sajjan MB, Yadav OV, Jadhav BV and Patil RN

Chandoli National Park disseminates along the North Sahyadri Range of Western Ghats near the Chandoli Dam in Taluka Shirala, District Sangli of Western Maharashtra, India. It is located between 17º03ʹ to 17º20ʹ N and 73º46ʹ to 73º53ʹ E, with the elevation of about 589-1044 m above the sea level. An extensive survey for amphibian diversity was carried out by visual encounter method during June 2014 to May 2017 in selected spots from Chandoli National Park. A total of 27 species of amphibians belonging to 18 genera and 9 families and 2 orders ware recorded from the study area. 18 species are endemic to the Western Ghats and 2 species are endangered. Due to high altitude, perennial streams, reservoir and evergreen forest, the environmental conditions persist here are cool and humid. These conditions render good habitat to amphibian fauna.

174-176

Authors: Pentewar MS

An attempt has been made to study the Physico-chemical condition of water of Godavari river at Nanded district, M.S. India. The time period of study was July 2016 to June 2017. Three water samples were selected from different sites in each month for study. The parameters studies were Temperature, Turbidity, pH, DO, BOD, COD, Total Dissolved Solids and Suspended Solids. Almost all the parameters were found above the tolerance limit.

181-184

Authors: Khogare Balaji T, Kulal Shivaji R, Rangar Krishna K and Kokare Balasaheb N

Neem (Azadirachta indica) belonging to Maliaceae family is very important medicinal plant which is traditionally used to treat different diseases. Each part of the neem tree has some medicinal property and is thus commercially exploitable. It has been used in different medicinal systems: Ayurveda, unani, homeopathic medicine, therefore considered as cynosure of modern medicine. It is now considered as a valuable source of unique natural products for development of medicines against various diseases and also for the development of industrial products. The objective of this paper was to evaluate medicinal applications of neem in human life.

191-194

Authors: Banasode Ramadas Shamarao

The challenge of climate change as well as the conservation of biodiversity underscores the lack of vision and ethical thinking in the policies of the human being. Climate change is largely caused by the emission of Green House Gases. It is really challenging for human being to witness and confront the upcoming rapid climate changes that will be more acute even the age of dinosaurs. The rise in the sea level, change in cropping patterns, melting of glaciers, increasing number of climate refugee etc are the main results of the climate change. Biodiversity loss has severe consequence for humankind. To insure intra as well as intergenerational equity, it is essential to conserve biodiversity for sustainable development. With the help review approach, the present research work explores some effective measures and models for the conservation of biodiversity. In order to mitigate the influence of climate change and give boost to the conservation of biodiversity, the present short review stresses out some general but useful models and measures such as application of carbon footprint, ecological footprint, carbon neutrality, the new approach of geo-engineering and the technique of creating artificial glaciers.

200-203

Authors: Jagtap VA Bhagwan HK and Vhanalakar SA

The scolex is medium in size, globular in shape; the scolex is divided in to two regions. The anterior region is small in size, oval in shape, represented by two globular flaps with fan wise arrangement of muscles which are arranged in two. The accessory suckers are small in size, rounded in shaped. The scolex is followed by a long neck. The mature segments are large in size, The testes are medium in size, oval in shape, 140 in number, The cirrus pouch is large in size, oval in shape, opens sub marginal, The cirrus is medium width, coiled contained within the cirrus The internal seminal vesicle is situated posterior to the cirrus, which is small in size, oval The vas deferens is long, thin, extends The ovary is large in size, ‘U’ shaped in appearance, The vagina is medium the ootype The receptaulm seminis is largein size, oval in shape The ootype is medium in size, round in shape, situated. The genital pores are large in size, oval in shape; The vitellaria are follicular, in corticular and sub corticular regions and extends from the anterior to the posterior margin of the same in lateral fields. The longitudinal excretory canals are thin.

6-10

Authors: Thakre Jayashree*, Nirmalkar Vaishali and Kolet Moses

Bread has been a staple human diet since historical times. Generally, loaves of bread are baked fresh daily in local bakeries, but commercial brands of processed and packaged sliced bread, which comprise a sizable chunk of the urban sales of bread, do come with shelf life of few days. Bread, having a short shelf life like all bakery products, loses its desired texture and taste characteristics upon storage and is also subject to spoilage by fungi. To avoid this spoilage and increase shelf life of the product, natural and chemical preservatives are added. This communication deals with natural and chemical preservatives added to dough to delay spoilage of bread by fungi.

15-24

Authors: Ranadive Kiran R*, Jagtap Neeta , Khare Harshavardhan, Ranade Vijay, Jite PK and Vaidya JG

This is the first on-line database i.e. IAD- Indian Aphyllo-Fungal Database has been launched on the website www.fungifromindia.com. In all there are 1646 records of Indian Aphyllophorales has been put from 52 families, 190 genera and 1217 species of a much neglected group of Basidiomycetes fungi. Every species has been given a unique identity number that can be cited in the publication where the nomenclatural novelty is introduced. Every record of this database has been linked with the world reputed myco-database (www.mycobank.org). This Indian Aphyllofungal database contributes to the first initiative for the international biodiversity documentation from India, where they will further be linked to other databases from world.

31-36

Authors: Randive Pallavi*, Nayaka Sanjeeva and Janarthanam MK

The detailed lichen study at Cotigao Wildlife Sanctuary, Goa is initiated recently. In the present study earlier report of lichens from the sanctuary and fresh collections are included. The study revealed the occurrence of 99 species belonging to 43 genera and 25 families of which 21 species are new records for the sanctuary and 15 species as new to Goa. Also, Lepraria jackii Tønsberg, a leprose lichen is reported as new to India. The sanctuary is dominated by bark inhabiting lichens, crustose forms with 83 species, and members of Graphidaceae family. The luxuriant growth of lichens at sanctuary indicates the availability the shady, moist conditions of the forest and less anthrapogenic disturbances.

43-48

Authors: Sunita Chahar

The structural diversity of AM Fungi in the roots of Lantana camara and Stachytarpheta indica was studied. Soil samples and the roots were collected from approximately20 cm below the soil surface of the two plants present in the NES Ratnam College campus, Bhandup (West), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India . The plants were sown approximately a year ago in the college garden. Both the plants are perennial shrubs and nectar plants for several species of butterflies belonging to family verbenaceae. The AM Fungal spore density was checked in the soil samples and the spore types were identified. The spore density in Stachytarpheta indica was 91.34 ± 6.5 and in Lantana camara it was 122.67 ± 9.45. Lantana camara showed dominance of Glomus species spores where as Stachytarpheta indica showed dominance of Acaulospora species spores in the rhizosphere soil. Hence a thorough study of the AM structures found in the roots was done. The anatomical study of roots revealed that Lantana camara showed 95 % root colonization with thin darkly stained hyphae and oval vesicles where as Stachytarpheta indica showed 90% root colonization, thick, lightly stained, coiled hyphae with arbuscules and vesicles with oil globules.

54-61

Authors: Bhale UN* and Bansode SA

Glycine max (L.) Merr soybean is one of the important pulse and oilseed crops of India. It grows well during the kharif or monsoon season (JulyOctober) in the dry land areas of peninsular India. Pond deposit soil had a rich source of humus, minerals and micronutrients. When it comes in contact with agricultural field then productivity would be increased. This study attributed consecutive two generation data from renovated agricultural land. In M1 generation, when pond deposit soil amended with newly renovated land decreased the all studied factors than crop land soil+ pond deposit soil, while in M2 generation it was significantly increased. In M2 generation significant growth rate was observed in case of nodules, leaves, pods; shoot length, fresh and dry wt of shoot, leaf area and productivity. Length of shoot (87cm) & root (28cm) was increased in M2 generation as compared to cropland + pond deposit soil. In M2 generation total leaf area are extensively increased due to prosperity of organic matter. Therefore, productivity of soybean was increased. Percent root Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization and spore density was showed potential in both soils in both generations. AMF association was found but suppressed in M2 generation in some extent. In both soils & generations, Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Glomus, Entrophospora, Sclerocystis and Scutellospora was found frequently but Acaulospora, Sclerocystis and Glomus genera was found dominant. Vesicular, arbuscular and hyphal root colonization was found in both soils of soybean fields.

69-73

Authors: Asra Usmani and Sashirekha S

Industrialization has led to the production of different kinds of pollutants and toxic elements. Conventional methods for the removal of heavy metals are not economically and environmental friendly. Fly ash was collected from a cement plant from Chandrapur, to investigate the presence of heavy metals. It was found to contain Al, Li and Mn in higher concentrations approaching toxic limits. Physio-chemical techniques for treating fly ash are expensive and time consuming. Naturally fungi have a large variety of extracellular proteins, organic acids and other metabolites. Fungi can adapt and survive in several ecosystems and under different environmental conditions. Most of the soil fungi, especially the filamentous fungi are of great interest in bioremediation. Biological treatment methods are economical and allow the cyclisation of the sediment after treatment. In present investigation P.lilacinus was employed as a bioleaching agent, experimentally. The concentrations of metal in its elemental form of Al, Li, Mn and Zn were analyzed by ICP -AES. The formation of oxalates in the culture filtrates bioleached by P.lilacinus, after treatment was confirmed using FTIR analytical technique.

79-83

Authors: Nirmalkar Vaishali* and Randhir Nayan

Yeast called Malassezia is a causative agent of Seborrheic dermatitis or dandruff. It was isolated from the scalp of human individuals and investigated further. Suitable biochemical tests were performed for the characterization of the organism focusing on its ability to produce Catalase, Urease, utilization of tweens, liquefaction of gelatin and assimilation of different carbohydrates. The organism after its isolation and characterization was further investigated for its susceptibility towards 20 different plant extracts.

89-93

Authors: Gosavi Mahavir C

The current research paperdeals with studies designed to assess the effect of UV induce mutagenesis on enzyme cellulase production by Chaetomium globosumand time of UV exposure at which maximum cellulase production take place. Culture of Cheatomium globosum expose to UV for different time interval i.e. 10min; 20min; 30min; 40min; 50min; 60min and 0min(control). The cellulase production increases from 10min. to 20min. and decline from 30min. to 60min. The maximum cellulase production was seen at 20min.

99-102

Authors: Gupte Archana Ansari , Naziya, Ansari Mariyam, Ansari Saba

The objective of this study was to know the diversity of fungal flora in the campus environment of the college. In present investigation Rhizopus sp, Aspergillus sp, Mucor mucedo, Albugo Sp were found more prevalent in aeromycoflora. Fungal species belongs to Deuteromycetes & Ascomycetes dominated with 37.5% colonies exhibiting highest fungal count followed by Phycomycetes with 25% count. Aeromycoflora was collected by using Petri Plate exposure method on potato dextrose agar. A total of 16 fungi were identified. The present investigation on air borne mycoflora will be helpful in disease forecasting, epidemiology and timely disease management.

107-110

Authors: Vaidya Sharda

Rhizosphere is a very specific region around the roots where maximum activities of microorganisms take place among themselves and with the plant roots. Smt. C. H. M. College is having 16 acres of lush green area wherein a number cultivated and wild plants grow luxuriously almost throughout the year. Just outside the college, flows the Waldhuni River which is completely polluted. Though the wild populations of plants are same in both, CHM campus and the banks of Waldhuni River, the soil to which they are exposed is completely different. The present project is an attempt to study the differences fungal populations in the rhizosphere of two plants - Polygonumglabrum and Scopariadulcis. It was observed that in the polluted soils, the number of fungal populations was more.

114-116

Authors: Meeta Mathur

With the developing use of herbal drugs, the need of plants containing secondary metabolites which have medicinal value has increased. Since the intact plant contains low concentrations of active compound, plant callus cultures have employed as an alternative to produce large amounts of these secondary metabolites. Moreover using a bioelicitor the secondary metabolite production can be increased. The objective of this study was to develop a rapid system for the enhanced production of Guggulsterones from Commiphora wightii, Zingiberene from Zingiber officinale and Falcarinol from Daucus carrota Aspergillus niger cell extract was used as an elicitor to stimulate the production of secondary metabolite. But inverse results were obtained showing a considerable decrease in Secondary metabolites and growth as well. This is supposed from the results that the mycotoxins may have hindered the metabolite production or probably the biosynthetic pathway was not affected. The same experiment is repeated with cell suspension cultures.

120-124

Authors: Rajkonda JN and Bhale UN

Trichoderma species are important biocontrol agent plasticized in present agriculture for the management of crop plant diseases. In the present research study, phytotoxic activity of T. koningii on crop plant seeds and antagonism of T. koningii against plant pathogenic fungi were tested. Treatment of seeds of crop plants with culture filtrate of T. koningii indicated the germination potentiality of treated seeds were increased. There was significant increase in germination of seeds of rice(96%), jowar(94%), and wheat(91%) while moderate increase in germination of seeds of mung(82%), groundnut(81%), sunflower(77%). Trichoderma koningii was highly antagonistic over plant pathogenic fungi such as Alternaria alternata (71.1%), Geotrichum candidum (67.7%), Rhizoctonia solani (67.7), Fusarium proliferatum (64.4%) and Aspergillus niger (57.7%). Trichoderma koningii is not phytotoxic in nature for crop plants but it is antagonistic against plant pathogenic fungi.

849-863

Authors: Alemat Embaye Ali Mohammed Kiros Meles

A study was conducted to investigate the influence of tuber size, storage time and storage environment on storage losses and seed tuber quality of selected potato cultivars under diffused light storage (DLS) structures in 2012/2013 in Tigray region, North Ethiopia. The treatments consisted of three environments, three potato cultivars and four tuber size categories arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Data pertaining to postharvest and sprouting characteristics were recorded for 28 weeks at monthly interval. Gudene and Jalene cultivars recorded more number of sprouts per tuber at Felegeweyni storage environment. In contrast Gera cultivar recorded few numbers of sprouts until week 28. All cultivars exhibited minimum physiological weight loss percentage and tuber decay at Felegeweyni storage environment. With increasing storage time, number of sprouts, percentage of physiological weight loss and decay of tubers increased. At Felegeweyni storage environment, large tuber size categories of all three potato cultivars had more number of sprouts per tuber, reduced tuber decay and lowest percentage of weight loss than in the other two storage environments. It is therefore recommended that for a sustainable quality seed supply, medium and large tuber size categories of potato should be stored at the cool highland environments.

871-876

Authors: Teka Solomon and Atzeb Hailu

An experiment on evaluating the performance of food barley genotypes for food quality and yield related traits were carried out at Atsbi , Dugua Tembien and Gulomekeda in Tigray Region. The objectives of the study was to evaluate the yield and yield related performance of different food barley genotypes under different locations .The experiment was conducted Alpha lattice design with three replications. The trial was conducted two growing seasons (2013-2014) Performances of thirty two food barley genotypes with standard and local check (ERETH07-79, Demhay, ISEBON-60#1, ISEBON-71, ERETH07-66#1, ERETH07-69#1, ERETH07-85#1, ERETH07-65#1, ERETH07-84, Tselim Ekli#1, ISEBON-91#1, ERETH07-80#2, ERETH07-78, ERETH07-78, ERETH07-39#1, ERETH07-47#1, ERETH07-68#1, ERETH07-90, Abay#1, ERETH07-59#1, ISEBON-50#1, ERETH07-11#1, ERETH07-49#1, ERETH07-51, ERETH07-51#1, Eritrea07-78, ERETH07-80#3, ISEBON-89, Eritrea07-71, ERETH07-80, Sae’sae (local check), Fetina and Dafo(standard check)) were evaluated. The combined analysis of variance showed that there were significant variations among genotypes, environments and their interaction. Based on grain yield, ERETH07-51 (1.74 t/ha) and ERETH07-80 #3(1.72 t/ha) had scored the highest yield, while the local check yielded the least (1.43t/ha). With respect to the multivariate stability parameters, the different models identified the stability performance of the genotypes. Based on the overall rank sum of stability parameters, the lines, ERETH07-80#2, ERETH07-80#3 and ERETH07-51#1 were the most stable varieties, while ERETH07-47#1and ERETH07-65#1 the least stable once. Since the tested varieties had shown differential yield responses across the environments, it is concluded that varietal recommendation should be based not only on overall mean yield, but also on their stability performance

885-894

Authors: Rawal Jyoti, Sharma Rekha and Sharma Priyal

Cancer is a deadly disease in humans and arises from uncontrolled cell division. Cancer are broadly therefore, categorized into two types: primary cancers (in the organ or tissue where cancer originated) and secondary cancers (metastatic tumor). In 1990, the first breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1 was identified on chromosome 17q12-21 by linkage analysis of multiple families affected by early onset breast and ovarian cancer. BRCA1 is large spread over 80 kb genomic DNA composed of 24 exons, 22 codings and 2 non-coding exons that are transcribed into a 7.8 kb mRNA encodes a protein containing 1863 amino acids. The approximate molecular mass of the BRAC1 protein is 220 kDa. The BRCA1 gene bears no homology with other genes, with the exception of a RING finger motif at the amino-terminal end. In other proteins such a motif has been shown to interact with nucleic acids and to from protein complexes, suggesting a role of BRCA1 in transcription. Nuclear localization sequence in exon 11, and a conserved acidic carboxy terminus, the BRCT (BRCA1 carboxyl terminal) domain. Till date, more than 800 different mutations mostly frame shift mutations in the BRCA1 gene have been reported. BRCA1 gene contains N-terminal RING finger domain and two C-terminal BRCT (BRCA1-C-Terminal) domain, both involved in protein-protein interactions. Exon 11 of BRCA1 gene contains over 60% of protein and encodes two putative localization signals, also contain a domain that interacts with RAD51, a homology of E. Coli rec. a involved in DNA damage repair. BRACA1 was associated and co-purified with RNA polymerase complex, and interacts with RNA helicase in a transcription Germline mutation in BRCA1 has been detected in approximately 80-90% of familial breast/ovarian cancer and about 45-50% of familial breast cancer alone.

905-910

Authors: Shivangi Mishra, Adesh Kumar, Ankit Sinha, Daya Shanker Sharma and Amita Kanaujia

The Globally Endangered Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus congregates in the areas which are away from human disturbances, where food availability is high and roosting substrates are present. There are three subspecies of Egyptian Vultures in the world. Out of three subspecies two subspecies are present in India. Present study discusses the population status of both the subspecies at their congregation sites in district Unnao, Uttar Pradesh, India. Adults of both subspecies of the Egyptian vulture were studied and compared for their population from January 2014 to December 2017. Direct observations were made to get an idea of the number. Vultures were counted using the Total count method. Maximum number of individuals was counted in 2017 and the site with the highest congregation was identified. Population of Neophron p. percnopterus (338.5±86.2) was around double than the population of Neophron p. ginginianus (168.2 ± 45.8). Adult individuals were considered. They were either Sunbathing, dustbathing or simply roosting on the trees and ground. To avoid negative effects on the population of the Egyptian Vultures, we strongly recommend that the site sheltering the highest number of individuals should be considered as the Important Roost site and there should be safe food availability for them in the form of ‘Vulture Restaurants’ to conserve them from further decline.

919-926

Authors: Indira Priyadarshini U, Vanitha B, Ch.Prashanth, Sridevi T, Priyanka P, P Pranay Krishna, SAA Latheef and Reddy PP

The present study aims to investigate the possible association of detoxifying gene polymorphisms with DNA damage in steel industry workers. 150 steel industry workers and 146 control subjects with no history of occupational exposure to steel dust or any other chemicals were recruited for the study. DNA damage was evaluated using simple and reliable alkaline comet assay in peripheral blood lymphocytes of male steel industry workers. Analysis of GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms was done by multiplex PCR method. The results showed an increase in the frequency of DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the steel industry workers compared to the control subjects. The statistical analysis of the results showed that significant DNA damage was observed in both genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 but the frequency was found to be lower in steel industry workers with wild GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes than in those with null genotypes. The findings in this study presented evidence for the DNA damage highlighting an increased genotoxic risk as a result of exposure to dust in steel industry workers. The study also presented evidence for an association of both null genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1polymorphisms with DNA damage indicating the influence of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms on this biomarker.

948-956

Authors: Tumane PM, Sarkar Sanchari, Wasnik DD & Kolte NA

Fruit waste has become one of the main sources of municipal solid wastes, which have been an increasingly tough environmental issue. Vinegar is very important food preservative in food industry. The vinegar can be obtained various raw materials such as various fruits and fruit peels. The present study investigates production of vinegar from pineapple peels using Acetobacter species isolated from soil sample and its antibacterial activity. Acetobacter spp. and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was isolated from soil samples. Identification was done by performing morphological, biochemical and cultural characteristics of bacteria and fungi. Firstly, wine was produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, confirmed by performing CO2 production and Iodoform test. The wine produced was now inoculated with Acetobacter spp. and it is incubated for 11 days for aerobic fermentation at 370C it was calculated that 4.60% of vinegar was produced. The antibacterial activity of vinegar was tested against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella paratyphi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results of antibacterial activity of vinegar against Escherichia coli -16mm, Staphylococcus aureus - 20mm, Salmonella paratyphi -19mm and Pseudomonas aeruginosa - 19mm. Subsequent upon this research, materials like pineapple peel considered generally as waste can be bio converted into important value-added materials thus aiding environmental safety.

968-972

Authors: Annapurneshwari H and Deepika BS

Western ghat is one of the centre of high biodiversity and renowned for its unique species including insects. The diversity of beetles is very wide ranging, they are found in almost all types of habitat. The present study focuses on the diversity of beetles in different agro ecosystem in Chikkamagaluru. The present survey was conducted for the period of five months from July to November 2015...Efforts were made to study the diversity of beetles in and around chikkamagaluru, in three different habitats such as coffee, Pepper and coconut plantations. During the present survey, total 18species of beetles belonging to 7 families Viz., Carabidae, Cerambycidae, Chrysomelidae, Coccinellidae, Curculionidae, Meloidae, and Scarabaeidae were recorded. The highest diversity was represented in the family Scarbaeidae with 8 species, followed by Chrysomelidae with 3 beetle species and family Carabidae and Meloidae with 2 species and family Cerambycidae, Coccinellidae and Curculionidae, representing one species each respectively. Myllocerus viridians are causing considerable defoliation of herbs, shrubs and trees. Holotrichia serrata causes a serious damage to the sugarcane and ground nut crops. Mylabris pustulata the young ones are beneficial to crops by suppressing other plant feeder which may serves as a biological control of other pest.

978-983

Authors: Raj Shikha and Jha AK

To know the effect of different concentrations of ash of Parthenium hysterophorus L. in the soil properties, the experiment was conducted. The treatments were control condition and amendment of soil with 1%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% ash of Parthenium. Seeds of Cajanus cajan were used to evaluate the effect of ash concentrations on germination and growth. The data collected on some selected properties of soil indicated that pH values in 1% and 5% treatments decreased whereas in higher concentrations increased compared to control condition. The values for organic matter (%), organic carbon (%), N (%) and K (%) increased in all treatments. However, values for P (%) and EC (%) decreased in 1% and 5% treatments; and increased in higher concentrations. Micronutrients, such as Zn (%), Mn (%) and Cu (%) increased in all treatments however, Fe (%) decreased in 1%, 5% and 10% treatments. The most striking feature was maximum increase in K, Zn and Mn contents compared to control condition.

991-997

Authors: D Sai Vinathi, V Sridevi, DC Reddy, V Kalarani

Over exploitation, habitat modification, pollution load and introduction of exotic species affect fish genetic diversity directly or indirectly. Excessive mortality of fishes due to any of these factors lead to species reduction of population size or extinction. Hence conservation of aquatic genetic resources is essential to maintain ecological as well as socioeconomic equilibrium. Ex situ strategies like cloning of fish gametes and embryos are proven globally important. In conventional methods, production of androgenetic clones was done using X­ rays or γ­ rays followed by subjecting the eggs to thermal/ hydrostatic/ pressure shock for diploidization after monospermic activation. Due to two subsequent treatments of radiation and shock, the survival rates of putative androgenotes are presumed to be very low. The present study is carried out to assess the survival and ploidy condition of diploid androgenetic progeny of zebrafish, Danio frankei, produced through dispermic fertilization. Poor survival rates of hatchlings produced through fertilization of genome inactivated eggs with monosperms compared to the survival ability of hatchlings produced through fertilizing genome inactivated eggs with disperms was discussed. This study clearly showed that the use of combination of Poly Ethylene glycol (PEG) and Calcium chloride (CaCl2) is more effective than any single agent to form viable disperms that can induce fertilization of genome­ inactivated eggs similar to the effect shown by normal eggs.

1002-1006

Authors: Tamloorkar HL

In the last 20 years, molecular technique based on 16S rRNA gene and other genetic markers have been developed for bacteriological and analysis of lakes, soil. PCR based pathogen detection resolved some of the problems encountered using conventional methods. PCR has a detection limit of <10 copies of specific gene present in mixed sample. PCR reaction are designed to either amplify a single product or to use several primer pairs as part of multiplex PCR.

1011-1014

Authors: Pawar SK

The present study was conducted to assess the Physico-chemical Parameters of Karadkhed dam water of Deglur Taluka in Nanded district Maharashtra, India, during the year June 2016 to May 2017. Analysis was performed on 03 different parameters. The monthly Variation in the physical and chemical parameters such as Dissolved oxygen, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, were investigated. All the parameter was beyond on the permissible limits. Aquatic ecosystem monitoring has been carried out in India based on either chemical or biological analysis. The result revealed that there was significant seasonal variations in some physico-chemical parameters and most of the parameters were in the normal range and indicated better qualify of dam water.