INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LIFE SCIENCES

161-168

Authors: Hegazy Megahed Altamimy, Mohamed Sobhy Rezk, Mohammed Mohammed Abdelkareem, Hamdy Samy Nassr, Essam Ali Taman, Raafat Alghetany Mohamed Ali and Hossam Ibrahim Abdelhamid

This study assed activity of masticatory muscles by electromyography with comparing the efficacy of exercise program and different splinting methods of anterior disc dislocation. Twenty patients with anterior disc dislocation without reduction divided into two groups; one for centric splint(n=10)& the other one for the anterior repositioning splint(n=10). It was found that, there was a statistically significant decrease in mean joint pain scores through all periods in the both treatment and statistically significant difference between duration and amplitude of motor unit of anterior temporal and Masseter muscles of the two groups. There was no a significant difference between duration and amplitude of motor unit of anterior temporal and Masseter muscles of the two groups before and after treatment at three months with highly significant difference of the two groups before and after treatment at six months, on MRI, there was marked reduction of joint effusion of temporomandibular joint in both groups.

176-184

Authors: Muhammad Muddassar Zafar, Khalid Abbas, Hafsa Basharat, Tanveer Ahmad and Uzma Hussain

Genetic diversity and structure of six Populations of Wallago attu were studied from Jhelum River, Pakistan using five species specific microsatellites loci. Genotypic data of all the samples were generated through PCR amplification of targeted loci. A total of 23 alleles were found in 177 fish samples. All the microsatellite loci were found to be polymorphic. The mean FST value (0.0248) showed little genetic differentiation. The average observed heterozygosity values were measured in range from 0.3450 to 0.4400 whereas average expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.5363 to 0.5777 were recorded in all the population. Majority of examined loci significantly deviated (P<0.05) from Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE). Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) indicated that majority of the variation lies within the individuals (81.10%) than among the individuals with in populations (16.4%).The results showed genetic decline in this valuable fish resource. The findings of the present study will be helpful for management, conservation as well as least kinship selective breeding programs for W. attu.

193-197

Authors: Meena Girraj Singh and Dwivedi Pratibha

Comparative mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of different dosage of gamma rays, NMU and their combined treatment were studied in the genotype of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) var. RSG – 963. Seeds of chickpea were treated with 5KR, 10KR and 15KR doses of gamma rays and 0.02% NMU independently and in combination. Gamma irradiation and NMU induced various chromosomal aberrations as scattered chromosomes, ring formation, stickiness at metaphase, formation of bridges, laggards, multi polarity at anaphase. It was revealed that the rate of cell division was affected and measured in term of mitotic index which decreased with the increase of doses of gamma rays. The combined treatment of physical and chemical mutagens was more effective in comparison to independent treatment. The higher doses of gamma rays and combined doses of gamma rays and NMU treatment revealed deleterious as there was less germination percentage observed in M1 generation

203-206

Authors: Kalaivani B, Thangapandiyan K and Vanithakumari G

The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of the combined administration of vitamin B complex and ‘C’ on ibuprofen induced nephrotoxicity. Male albino rats were subdivided into five groups: the first was a control group, the second and third received Ibuprofen at a low and high dose of 1.5 mg and 3 mg/ 100g body weight / day respectively for 7 days, the fourth group received high dose and vitamin supplementation (B complex and C) at a dosage of ml /100g body weight, the fifth group rats received high dose (3 mg) of ibuprofen for seven days followed by withdrawal of drug for a further seven days. No significant changes were observed in the histopathology of kidney tissues in the control rats. The Ibuprofen treatment affects the histopathology of kidney. Low dose treatment group, minor glomerular abnormality (increase in size). In high dose also increase in size of glomerulus was observed. Many proximal convoluted tubules showed hydropic changes, coagulation necrosis and degeneration with inflammation treated group showed normalcy of the histoarchitecture of the kidney. Regeneration was started in the withdrawal group.

214-226

Authors: Samruddha Phadnis and Ganesh Iyer

In this paper, the biodiversity of the genus Oedogonium Link ex Hirn 1900 in Raigad district was studied. During the study of filamentous green algae of Raigad district, 18 taxa of Oedogonium Link ex Hirn were recorded. Of these one species Oedogonium boscii var. notabile is probably recorded for the first time in India.

235-240

Authors: Joshi Nitesh, Joshi Ambika and Bist Bharati

The suspended particulate matter or dust is one of the many pollutants present in the atmosphere. It is a renowned fact that vegetation helps in reducing dust concentrations in environment by acting as sink for air pollutants. Dust fall studies done on a perennial herb Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.)A.Gray at 10 different sites selected throughout the industrial area of Tarapur implies that in comparison to Control site readings, all the other sites had considerably high dust fall values throughout the 2 dry seasons i.e. from October 2012 to May -2013. Severely affected months in the entire study period were October, November, December and January. Sampling sites in closer proximities to vehicular and industrial pollution sources showed highest accumulation of foliar dust.

247-255

Authors: Samruddha Phadnis and Ganesh Iyer

In the present communication the eight species of the filamentous green algae belonging to the family Chaetophoraceae collected from Thane district have been described. During the study, three species of the genus Stigeoclonium Kützing, two species of the genus Chaetophora F. Schrank and one species each of the genus Draparnaldia Bory, genus Gongrosira Kützing and genus Pleurastrum Chodat were recorded. Of these, the three species viz. Chaetophora tuberculosa, Gongrosira papuasica and Pleurastrum insigne have been probably recorded for the first time in India.

263-266

Authors: Kulkarni Arvind, Ratnakar Pravina and Balkhande Jayvardhan

The objective of the present study was to investigate the prevention of toxicity of urea in DNA and RNA content of a fresh water field crab, Barytelphusa guerini by using sulphur containing amino acid Methionine as an additive. If fertilizer (urea) are used in high concentration than the concentration of urea above the tolerance limit is toxic to the aquatic animal including crab. In present study quantity of RNA was less than the DNA in both Male and Female. Sulphur containing amino acid Methionine an additive is useful to prevention of urea toxicity to a fresh water crab Barytelphusa guerini. This is the baseline work, more molecular work is needed for prevention of this type of toxicity in aquatic life.

274-280

Authors: Ragde Vinod, Pradhan Vidya S and Shaikh MM

In the present study an experimental work was carried out to reveal the effect of induced environmental factors on the neurosecretory cells of Spodoptera Litura and the effect of temperature on neuroendocrine cells of Spodoptera Litura. Potassium chloride, sodium chloride and Distilled water were used as induced artificial factors. Male insects were used to find out the effects of Potassium chloride, sodium chloride and Distilled water on the neurosecretory cells of Spodoptera Litura while female insects were used to find out the effect on temperature on neuroendocrine complex. Four groups of insect were made for the experiments. 24 µl of 2 % potassium chloride solution was injected in first group. 25 µl of 2% sodium chloride solution was injected in second group.25 µl double distilled water was injected in third group. The fourth group served as control. Effect of Potassium chloride: fair distribution of AF - positive secretory material was observed in the 'A' cells of the median neurosecretory cell group of pars intercerebralis of the brain. After six hours of injection, 'A' cells were deprived of the AF positive material. Effect of sodium chloride: After six hours of injection the neurosecretory 'A' cells were flooded with AF positive material. After twenty four hours of injection The 'A' cells increased considerably. After forty eight hours of injection, 'A' cells showed only negligible amount of stainable granules. After seventy two hours stainable material was observed in the ‘A’ cells. Effect of distilled water: After six hours of the injection the 'A' cells showed degranulation. After twenty four hours, decrease in the nuclear diameter was observed in ‘A’ cells. After forty eight hours of the injection the ‘A’ cells showed accumulation of AF positive material. After seventy two hours, diameter of the nuclei increased this differed than that of controls. Effect of temperature: High temperature supports the production of high rate of neurosecretory material while low temperature decreases the production of neurosecretory material in the moth Spodoptera litura.

285-288

Authors: Bhaisare Manmohan S and Kunjalwar SG

Phytochemical investigation of traditionally used Medicinal Plant is Thus Valuable on two levels, Firstly as a source of potential chemotherapeutic drug andsecondly as a measure of safety for the continued use of medicinal plant. The whole plant, Eleocharis setifolia,(A.Rich) Raynal which are used as traditional folk medicine for the treatment of dysentery, bowel disorder and inflammatory diseases. Eleocharis setifolia (A.Rich) Raynal contain, alkaloid, Steroids, Flavonoids, terpens, which includes sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. This paper explain the evidence based information regarding the pharmacological activity of this plant. It has many uses as pollution abetment and is medicinally used in traditional Ayurveda system.

293-301

Authors: Balcha Chernet and Abdela Nejash

Rabies is an acute viral infection of the central nervous system, caused by a lyssavirusin the family Rhabdoviridae. Itis zoonotic viral disease that can affect all mammals, including humans, cats, dogs, and wildlife and farm animals. The virus is present in the saliva of affected animals, and the most frequent method of transmission to humans is by bites, scratches or licks to broken skin or mucous membranes. The disease has a long incubation period (Six months) and symptoms may take several weeks to appear after infection. The first clinical symptom is neuropathic pain at the site of infection or wound due to viral replication. Diagnosis can only be confirmed by laboratory tests preferably conducted post mortem on central nervous system tissue removed from cranium. This paper reviews the possible prevention and control of rabies. Essential components of rabies prevention and control include ongoing public education, responsible pet ownership, routine veterinary care and vaccination, and professional continuing education. Control strategies include quarantine, confirmation of diagnosis, determining the origin and spread of an outbreak.Since rabies is invariably fatal and deadly viral disease that can only be prevented the collaborative effort between Veterinarians and human health care professionals are needed in the prevention and control of rabies.

306-309

Authors: Baviskar RN and Dekate HM

The present study aims to investigate the effect of some easily available medicinal plants on fungal pathogens. Holarrhena antidysenterica and Maduca longifolia ethanolic extracts was observed at different concentrations ranging between 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000 µg/ml were tested for antifungal activity in vitro on Penicillium expansum, Aspergillus fumigatus and Alternaria alternata isolated from naturally infected apple fruit. Both plants were collected from different places of Maharshtra and identified. Ethanolic extracts of plants were assessed for antifungal susceptibility using dilition method. Known antifungal agents were used as positive control. The water extracts used as control and it was observed that the ethanolic extracts concentrations were more effective and showed antifungal activity against the test pathogens. The results reveled that Holarrhena antidysenterica showed 99% mycelial growth inhibition at 3000µg/ml against Penicillium expansum and Aspergillus fumigatus whereas Maduca longifolia showed 100% mycelial growth inhibition at 3000µg/ml against Alternaria alternata. Hence, the plant extracts possess antifungal properties that can be exploited as an ideal treatment for future plant disease management to eliminate fungal spread.